RU2225917C2 - Percussion mechanism for well making and device for trentless replacement of pipelines using percussion mechanism - Google Patents

Abstract

FIELD: building industry, particularly deteriorated pipeline replacement. SUBSTANCE: percussion mechanism has composite separable body. Inner body part has adapter interfacing with anvil. Striker comprising fixedly connected rod and barrel is arranged into body. Barrel has through windows. Inclined side ends of barrel windows are parallel to striker axis. Front outer body part has ribs and depressions inclined to striker longitudinal axis. Device for trentless replacement of underground pipelines has percussion mechanism, tube-disintegration unit loosely located on stretching wire extender relative percussion mechanism, expander contacting percussion mechanism and connecting with new joined tube. Outer expander surface has slots or ribs inclined to longitudinal axis. Contact between expander and percussion mechanism is performed by interaction of at least one fixed expander joint-pin with any mating flat formed on striking mechanism perimeter. Stretching wire extender is made as longitudinal hinge. EFFECT: elongated service life, extended mechanism capabilities. 12 cl, 9 dwg

Description

The invention relates to construction production and can be used for punching wells in the ground and for trenchless replacement of worn underground pipelines.

A device for punching wells in soils is known, comprising a housing and a piston with a cavity, the housing being made with a tip, and its internal cavity connected to the piston cavity by means of air passage channels formed inside the housing (see AS 292527, E 02 F 5/18, 1976).

The disadvantage of this device is the uneven wear of the case, because friction between the housing and the piston occurs only in the lower part of the housing in the axial direction

Closest to the invention in terms of essential features is a percussion mechanism for punching a well in the soil, comprising a casing with an anvil, a firing pin installed in the casing in the form of a rod and sleeve rigidly interconnected with through windows and a pipe fixed to the casing, at the end of which a flange is mounted with a shock absorber and a clamping nut with a valve, an air-conducting hose (USSR AS 392215, IPC E 02 F 5/20, 1973 - prototype).

The disadvantage of the prototype is the uneven friction of the outer surface of the liner of the striker against the inner surface of the body when the striking machine is in horizontal position due to the gravity of the striker, which leads to uneven ellipsoidal wear of these surfaces and, as a result, to reduce the service life of the striking mechanism.

The objective of the present invention is to increase the service life of the impact mechanism and the expansion of its technological capabilities.

The problem is solved due to the fact that in the percussion mechanism for punching wells in the soil, containing a casing with an anvil, a drummer installed in the casing in the form of a rod and a sleeve rigidly interconnected, made with through windows, a pipe is fixedly connected to the casing, at the end of which a flange with a shock absorber and a clamping nut with a valve are mounted, an air-conducting hose, according to the invention the housing is made detachable, while its head outer part is made with ribs or depressions, I have which are inclined to the longitudinal axis of the striker, and the inner part is equipped with an adapter interconnected with the anvil, the side walls of the through windows of the liner parallel to the longitudinal axis of the striker are made inclined.

It is advisable to make the working part of the anvil spherical.

It is advisable to perform ribs or depressions with a right or left tilt to the longitudinal axis.

It is advisable that the side walls of the through windows of the liner parallel to the longitudinal axis of the striker, to perform with an inclination to the right or left side.

It is advisable to run the side wall of the through windows of the sleeve closest to the head part and perpendicular to the longitudinal axis of the impact mechanism with a bevel towards the movement of the impact mechanism.

It is advisable to make a flange with at least one additional shock absorber in the form of a ring mounted on the outer surface of the flange.

It is advisable to place the air-conducting hose in the cavity of the nozzle and press it onto the inner surface with a clamping nipple.

The technical result in the implementation of the invention is expressed in increasing the service life of the percussion mechanism by ensuring uniform wear of the inner surface of its housing, the outer and inner surfaces of the striker and the outer surface of the nozzle.

Uniform wear of the above surfaces occurs due to their mutual rotation during operation.

So, the rotation of the body is carried out due to the interaction of inclined ribs or depressions located on the head of the outer part with the ground. Rotation of the striker is carried out from the reaction of compressed air jets on the inclined side walls of the through windows of the liner due to the different absolute pressure drops of compressed air during inlet and outlet.

Along with the fact that the percussion mechanism is used for punching wells in the ground, it can be used as the main unit in the device for trenchless replacement of underground pipelines.

In addition, the working part of the anvil is made spherical, which allows for better centering of the impactor's impact.

The execution of one of the side walls of the through windows of the sleeve with a bevel reduces the resistance to air movement during the working cycle of the shock mechanism.

The flange is equipped with an additional shock absorber to ensure optimal alignment of the working surface of the pipe relative to the inner working surface of the shell of the striker and, as a result, to reduce the friction resistance of these surfaces during the working cycle of the striking mechanism.

The air inlet hose is placed and fixed in the cavity of the pipe to reduce the length of the shock mechanism, which operates in a limited space of the well.

A device is known for trenchless replacement of underground pipelines, comprising a percussion mechanism with a traction element, a device for grinding an old pipeline, equipped with a socket for accommodating the front end of a new pipeline, the device is freely mounted on the body of the percussion mechanism, and the percussion mechanism body is equipped with an axial displacement limiter of the device ( see RF patent No. 2003918, F 16 L 55/18, 1993).

A disadvantage of the known device is that it can under the influence of fragments of the old pipe simultaneously with horizontal movement receive a rotational movement of the left or right direction and thereby contribute to the promotion of sections of the new pipe connected by a thread, which is fraught with vibration breakage of a new pipe at the junction of the sections .

Closest to the invention in terms of essential features is a device for trenchless replacement of underground pipelines, comprising a percussion mechanism freely mounted on the extension cable of the tension cable relative to the percussion mechanism, a pipe-breaking organ in the form of a conical sleeve with at least one fixed knife, an expander in contact with the percussion mechanism connected to a new docked pipe (RF patent No. 2115053, IPC F 16 L 1/028, 1998 - prototype).

The disadvantage of the prototype is the possibility of rupture of new pipes at the joints, which are, as a rule, a connection with a tapered thread. This can happen due to spontaneous non-directional twisting of the expander in the direction of untwisting of the threads from exposure to fragments of the old pipe and soil.

The objective of the present invention is to increase the service life of the device and to avoid rupture of a new whip of pipes by providing additional twisting of threaded connections.

The problem is solved due to the fact that in the device for trenchless replacement of underground pipelines, containing a percussion mechanism, freely installed on the extension cable of the tension cable relative to the percussion mechanism, a pipe-breaking organ in the form of a conical sleeve with at least one fixed knife, an expander in contact with the percussion mechanism connected to a new docked pipe, according to the invention, the outer surface of the expander is made with grooves or ribs having an inclination to the longitudinal axis of the shock m mechanism, the contact of the expander with the percussion mechanism is carried out by the interaction of a fixedly installed at least one pin in the expander with any of the response flats made in diameter on the body of the percussion mechanism, and the extension cable of the tension cable is made in the form of a longitudinal hinge installed with the possibility providing axial rotation of the shock mechanism relative to the tension cable.

It is advisable to grooves or ribs on the expander to perform with a right or left tilt to the longitudinal axis of the impact mechanism.

It is advisable to perform a longitudinal hinge in the form of a bracket and earrings ending in collars turned to each other, which are covered by a common one-piece housing with the possibility of their rotation relative to each other around the longitudinal axis.

The technical result in the implementation of the invention is expressed in increasing the service life of the device and eliminating the possibility of rupture of a new docked pipe.

The specified technical result is achieved by performing the outer surface of the expander with ribs or grooves inclined to the longitudinal axis, which, interacting with the fragments of the old pipe and with the soil, provide additional tightening of the threaded joints of the new pipe.

In addition, the contact of the expander with the percussion mechanism through pins and flats allows for their joint rotation, which allows uniform friction in the friction pairs of the percussion mechanism working in a horizontal position, and therefore increase the service life of the latter. In this case, however, their free axial movement relative to each other is maintained.

The extension in the form of a longitudinal hinge provides the possibility of axial rotation of the impact mechanism without twisting the tension cable, with which the pulling force is carried out.

The claimed inventions are presented in the drawings, where in FIG. 1 shows a general view of a percussion mechanism for punching wells in the soil, FIG. 2 - section AA at the junction of the head and main parts of the body, in FIG. 3 - section BB along the body and sleeve, in FIG. 4 is a cross-section BB along the through windows of a sleeve with a bevel; FIG. 5 is an enlarged image of a node I - the tail of the percussion mechanism, in FIG. 6 is a perspective view of an apparatus for trenchless replacement of underground pipelines using the percussion mechanism of FIG. 1; FIG. 7 is a section GG with the image of the profile of the ribs on the outside of the expander, in FIG. 8 - node II, which shows on an enlarged scale the junction of the expander with the body of the percussion mechanism, in FIG. 9 - node III, which shows on an enlarged scale a longitudinal hinge.

The impact mechanism for punching wells in the soil consists of a composite body in the form of its head part 1 with ribs 2 and the main part 3, interconnected by an adapter 4 through the anvil 5. In the cavity of the main body there is a hammer in the form of a rod 6 and a sleeve rigidly interconnected 7 with through inclined windows 8, bevel 9 and through longitudinal channels 10. A pipe 11 enters the cavity of the rear part of the sleeve, at the end of which a flange 12 with a shock absorber 13 and an additional shock absorber 14 are mounted, a clamping nut 15 with an outlet GOVERNMENTAL windows 16 with a resilient valve 17, a lock nut 18. The nozzle is placed inside the air supply hose 19, which is pressed against the pin 20.

A device for trenchless replacement of underground pipelines consists of a percussion mechanism 21 mounted on it expander 22, with ribs 23 in contact with each other by means of a pin 24 included in the response line 25, while the tail part of the expander is connected to the first link of the new pipe 26 using fingers 27, a pipe-breaking organ in the form of a conical sleeve 28 with ribs 29, freely mounted on a hinge made in the form of a bracket 30, earrings 31 ending in collars 32 are covered by a common housing 33, while the longitudinal hinge of coupled by a pin 34 and thimbles 35 with tensioning cable 36 stretched through a replaceable pipe 37, and by a pin 38 - with the hammer mechanism.

The shock mechanism for punching wells in the soil works as follows.

With the front position of the hammer (Fig. 1), compressed air through the hose 18 enters the working chamber of the pipe 11, limited by the internal cavity of the sleeve 7. The working chamber is constantly under the influence of network pressure, from where it enters through the through holes 8 and the longitudinal channels 10 of the sleeve 7 into the reverse chamber, limited by the inner diameter of the main body 3, its front wall with anvil 5 and the front of the striker. When the pressures in both chambers are equalized, the projectile begins to move back due to the difference in their working areas, while the front edge of the pipe 11 closes the through window 8 of the sleeve 7 and the flow of compressed air from the working chamber to the exhaust chamber stops, further movement of the striker occurs due to forces the inertia of the striker, then, during the reverse stroke of the striker, when the window 8 of the sleeve 7 of the trailing edge of the pipe 11 passes, the backward chamber is connected to the atmosphere through the exhaust holes 16 in the pressure nut 15 and elastic valve 17. After this, the hammer is braked to a halt by the action of network pressure in the working chamber and begins to move forward, blocking the windows 8 with the surface of the pipe 11, strikes the anvil 5, reopening the windows 8 before impact. Next, the cycle repeats.

The movement of the impact mechanism in the soil occurs due to the impact of the impactor moving inside the main body 3 along the anvil 5. The friction forces between the outer surface of the impact mechanism and the walls of the well keep the machine from moving in the opposite direction.

During the direct stroke of the percussion machine, it is slightly twisted due to the interaction with the soil of inclined depressions or ribs 2 made from the outer surface of the head of the housing 1. At the same time, twisting of the striker due to the action of the compressed air flow on the inclined side walls of the through windows 8 of the sleeve 7 having differential pressure differences in absolute value during inlet and outlet.

Due to the mutual rotation of the casing 3 and the shell 7 of the firing pin relative to each other, their friction surfaces are constantly changed when the impact mechanism is in horizontal position, which ensures uniform wear of the friction surface and, as a result, increases the service life of these main parts of the impact mechanism, since the formation of local workings in the form of ellipses.

To expand the technological capabilities of the percussion mechanism for punching wells in the soil, it can be used as the main unit in the device for trenchless replacement of underground pipelines.

To do this, unscrew the head of the housing 1 and dismantle the adapter 4.

A device for trenchless replacement of underground pipelines works as follows.

A cable 36 is passed into the replaceable pipe 37. An expander 22 with grooves or ribs 23 is freely mounted on the striking mechanism 21. The first link of the new pipe 26 is fixed on the expander 22 with the fingers 27. The cable 36 is passed into the conical sleeve 28 with the ribs 29. With the fingers 34 and 38 through the longitudinal hinge close the cable 36 on the impact mechanism 21. The assembled device is lowered into the well, the conical sleeve 28 with ribs 29 is launched into the replaceable pipe 37. The cable 36 is pulled by a pulling winch (not shown) and the impact mechanism 21 is launched. time the work, the conical sleeve 28 with the ribs 29 destroys the replaced pipe 37, the expander 22 presses the fragments of the replaced pipe 37 into the ground. As the device moves along the replaceable pipe 37 to the first link of the new pipe 26, the following pipes are screwed on before the work starts, strung on the air supply hose 19.

In the process of operation of the device for trenchless replacement of underground pipelines, a slight twisting of the expander 22 occurs together with the links of the new pipe due to the interaction of the ribs 23 with the fragments 37 of the replaced pipe and soil. This rotation is also transmitted to the percussion mechanism 21 through the pins 24, mounted deafly in the expander 22 and included in the flats 25 on the housing 3 of the percussion mechanism 21.

During the turning of the links of the new docked pipe, an additional tightening of their conical threaded joints occurs, which guarantees the integrity of the entire pipe.

The longitudinal joint prevents the transmission of torque to the pulling cable 36 from the impact mechanism 21, thereby avoiding twisting.

The twisting of the air supply hose 19 is avoided by pre-stacking the rings in the opposite direction to the twisting.

After the destruction of the old pipe 37 and replacing it with a new pipe, the device for trenchless replacement of underground pipelines is easily disassembled and removed from the well.

Claims (12)

1. Impact mechanism for punching wells in the soil, comprising a housing with an anvil, a drummer installed in the housing in the form of a rod and sleeve rigidly interconnected, made with through windows, a nozzle fixed to the housing, a flange with a shock absorber and a clamping nut are mounted on its end with a valve, an air-conducting hose, characterized in that the casing is made detachable, while its head outer part is made with ribs or depressions having an inclination to the longitudinal axis of the hammer, and the inner the null part is equipped with an adapter interconnected with the anvil; the side walls of the through windows of the liner parallel to the longitudinal axis of the hammer are inclined. 2. The impact mechanism according to claim 1, characterized in that the working part of the anvil is made spherical. 3. The impact mechanism according to any one of claims 1 and 2, characterized in that the ribs or depressions are made with a right or left inclination to the longitudinal axis. 4. The impact mechanism according to any one of claims 1 to 3, characterized in that the side walls of the through windows of the liner parallel to the longitudinal axis of the striker are made with an inclination to the right or left side. 5. The impact mechanism according to any one of claims 1 to 4, characterized in that the side wall of the through windows of the sleeve, closest to the head part and perpendicular to the longitudinal axis of the impact mechanism, is beveled towards the movement of the mechanism. 6. The shock mechanism according to any one of claims 1 to 5, characterized in that the flange is equipped with an additional at least one shock absorber. 7. The shock mechanism according to any one of claims 1 to 6, characterized in that the additional shock absorber is mounted on the outer surface of the flange. 8. The shock mechanism according to any one of claims 1 to 7, characterized in that the additional shock absorber is made in the form of a ring. 9. The shock mechanism according to any one of claims 1 to 8, characterized in that the air supply hose is placed in the cavity of the nozzle and is pressed against the inner surface by a clamping nipple. 10. A device for trenchless replacement of underground pipelines, comprising a percussion mechanism freely mounted on the extension cable of the tension cable relative to the percussion mechanism, a pipe-breaking organ in the form of a conical sleeve with at least one fixed knife, an expander in contact with the percussion mechanism, connected to a new docked pipe, characterized in that the outer surface of the expander is made with grooves or ribs having an inclination to the longitudinal axis of the impact mechanism, wherein the expander is in contact with the impact th mechanism is carried out by the interaction of the fixedly mounted at least one pin in the expander with any of the response flats made in diameter on the body of the shock mechanism, and the extension cable of the tension cable is made in the form of a longitudinal hinge installed with the possibility of providing axial rotation of the shock mechanism relative to the tension wire rope. 11. The device according to claim 10, characterized in that the grooves or ribs on the expander are made with a right or left tilt to the longitudinal axis of the impact mechanism. 12. The device according to any one of paragraphs.10 and 11, characterized in that the longitudinal hinge is made in the form of a bracket and earrings, ending with turned to each other collars, which are covered by a common one-piece body with the possibility of rotation relative to each other around the longitudinal axis of the shock mechanism .

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