RU2225307C2 - Lubrication system of open friction surfaces - Google Patents

Abstract

FIELD: railway transport. SUBSTANCE: system is designed for lubricating friction surfaces of wheel flanges and side face of rail head. Proposed system contains composite lubricating member installed in guide for translation towards friction surface to be lubricated. Said composite lubricating member is made to suit guide inform of rectangle or cylinder being pressed to friction surface and containing heat-resistant composite wearable housing whose inner space is filled with lubricant and closed from side of surface to be lubricated by antifriction floating piston carrying low-melting metal component with flux. Feed system has external guide housing secured on bogie frame, internal guide for lubricating members, guide precluding cocking and jamming of device pressing lubricating member to wheel flange, its working spring, locking device retainer, locking device spring and locking device housing with z-shaped slot and working spring plug. EFFECT: improved reliability of system. 7 cl, 2 dwg

Description

The present invention relates to lubrication systems for open friction surfaces of heavily loaded components of transport mechanisms and machines.

For railway transport, reducing the wear of the ridges of the bandages and the lateral surfaces of the rail heads in the curved sections of the track is an extremely important problem. In addition to the presence of increased wear of the contacting surfaces, this problem poses a real threat to traffic safety due to the setting of the contacting surfaces and increasing the likelihood of the wheels rolling into the outer rail of the curve by almost 30%.

According to American researchers [1], “harmful” friction causes an additional consumption of fuel and energy resources for running a train by almost 20%.

The world experience in applying lubrication of the lateral faces of rail heads and the contact surface of tire ridges, announced at an international conference in London in October 1957 [2], confirms that such lubrication provides a three-fold reduction in wear of wheel tire ridges, and in some cases - even six times. At the same time, due to the inevitable automatic rotaprint lubrication of the side face of the rail head, its wear is reduced by half, and more often when applying grease.

Developed in the 60s and widely used in practice, briquetted composite lubricants [3] are operable at temperatures up to 400 ° C (occurs on the surface of the brace when braking with cast-iron blocks).

At present, the greatest success in solving the problem of reducing the wear of the side faces of the rail heads and wheel flanges of railway rolling stock has been achieved by specialists from the USA and Russia. There are various ways to solve this problem - from spraying a liquid lubricant or applying a layer of grease - to spraying several liquid polymers, which, when combined on the side of the rail head, form a solid phase that does not perceive sand sticking and has an increased bearing capacity. In our opinion, the most promising is a lubrication system with a melt of low-melting metal component with a low coefficient of friction, which provides reliable protection of contact surfaces from wear and a low coefficient of friction.

Theoretical studies of the lubricating layer with melting of the guide or low-melting metal components added to the lubricant [4] show the promise of using such a technical solution.

There are various ways to solve this problem. For example, there is a known system for applying a lubricant to a friction surface [5], comprising a housing filled with a lubricant, at one end of which a hollow lubricating rod is mounted, made of flexible flexible material with many through longitudinal channels for the passage of the lubricant to the friction surface being treated. At the same time, the other end of the housing is connected to a source of compressed air intended for moving to the friction surface of the lubricating rod and lubricant along the longitudinal channels of the latter.

The above lubrication system provides a constant supply of liquid lubricant to the lubricated surface, while maintaining a constant flow rate of the lubricant, it creates the ability to control the flow of the lubricant by changing the pressure value of the compressed air, which is controlled by the operator or a separate control device. It has high operational efficiency when servicing closed friction units, for example, heavy-loaded plain bearings widely known in mechanical engineering.

However, it is practically not applicable in operating conditions of railway transport with open friction units (for example, the contact of the wheel band crest with the side face of the rail head), when the working surfaces are covered with railway dust (ground sand and metal wear products of cast-iron brake pads).

In addition, due to the lack of feedback, this device is not able to dispense the optimal amount of lubricant, which leads not only to its unjustified overspending, but also to the grease getting on the rolling surface of the bandage, which means to increased blocking of the locomotive, i.e., to increased wear of rails and wheels and even train breaks.

In our opinion, the invention should be based on the lubrication system of the wheel band crest, and from it automatically the rotaprint and the side face of the rail head, which due to its design will provide:

- local dosed lubrication (side face of the wheel flange), preventing it from falling onto the working surface of the wheel and rail;

- reliable operation of the lubrication system in the presence of precipitation, dirt and railway dust in conditions of low (frost) and high (heating the surface of the bandage with a cast-iron brake shoe during braking) temperatures;

- automatic maintenance of a given thickness of the lubricating layer and coating of the mating friction surfaces with a metal component with a low coefficient of friction;

- high adhesion of the fusible metal component to the surface of the ridge of the bandage and the side face of the rail head;

- protection of the working layer with a fluoroplastic film that reduces surface stresses;

- prevention of scuffing of friction surfaces;

- reduction of the coefficient of friction at the contact point of the ridge of the bandage and the side face of the rail head by an order of magnitude or more;

- reduction in the probability of creep of the wheel onto the rail head in the curved section of the track by 20 ... 30% depending on the speed of movement;

- the use of "harmful" frictional heating to melt the metal component, in order to apply it with a thin film on the friction surface, as well as to reduce the viscosity of the lubricant in the annular gap, the floating piston is the case of the lubricating element;

- the formation on the crest of the bandage and the side face of the rail head of a composite antifriction film that does not accept railway dust.

The tasks are solved by a lubrication system of open friction surfaces, comprising a composite lubricating element mounted on a guide with the possibility of translational movement towards the lubricated friction surface, pressed against one of the friction surfaces, and a device for pressing said element to the friction surface, which according to the invention contains heat-resistant wear composite housing made in the form of a guide in the form of a rectangle or cylinder, the inner cavity to filled with a lubricant and closed on the lubricated surface by a floating antifriction piston carrying a low-melting metal component, melting as a result of heating from friction against the crest of the band with the aim of applying a thin metal film with a low coefficient of friction to the protected friction surface, and also transmitting through the body the piston heat the lubricant to reduce its viscosity in order to automatically optimize the specified thickness of the lubricant layer on the wheel flange and prevent falling it on the working surface of the wheel.

In addition, to prevent leakage of the lubricant at high ambient temperatures, an annular gap is provided between the composite lubricating element housing and the floating anti-friction piston, and to increase the adhesion of the low-melting metal component to the friction surface, a flux is located in the channel of its body. The floating antifriction piston is made of fluoroplastic having a low coefficient of friction, heat resistance, high wear resistance and the ability to form a film that reduces surface stresses on a metal film with a low coefficient of friction, the device for pressing the composite lubricating element from the side of the friction surface has a guide to prevent jamming. To ensure traffic safety, reduce component breakdowns and increase service life, the lubrication system of open friction surfaces is mounted on the suspension frame of the trolley.

The invention is illustrated graphically (Fig.1,2).

Figure 1 shows a section of a composite lubricating element for applying a lubricant to an open friction surface according to the invention.

Figure 2 shows the supply system of composite lubricating elements to the friction surface.

A composite lubricating element for applying a lubricant to an open friction surface of a side flange of a wheel flange of a railway rolling stock comprises a composite heat-resistant wear case 1, the inner cavity of which is filled with a lubricant 2 and closed on the lubricated surface by a floating antifriction piston 3 carrying a low-melting metal component 4 with flux 5. Between the floating piston 3 and the housing of the lubricating element there is an annular gap 6 for pre preventing the outflow of the lubricant 2 at a high ambient temperature and ensuring automatic optimization of the specified thickness of the lubricating layer on the wheel flange 7.

The feed system to the friction surface of the composite lubricating elements (Fig. 2) comprises an outer guide body 8 fixed on the frame of the trolley 9, an inner guide 10 for the lubricating elements, a guide 11 that prevents the skew and jamming of the device for pressing the lubricating element to the wheel flange, a working spring 12, a lock of the locking device 13, a spring of the locking device 14, a housing of the locking device 15 with a z-groove and a plug 16 of the working spring.

The above device operates as follows. After installing a set of 2 to 3 sections of lubricating elements 1 in the housing of the inner guide 10, and then in the housing of the external guide 8, the guide 11 under the action of the working spring 12 of the device for pressing the lubricating element after fixing the locking device 15 will press the first section of the lubricating element to the surface of the ridge wheels 7. When the wheels rotate as a result of heating from friction, the low-melting metal component 4 with flux 5 melts and together with the lubricant 2 passing through the gap 6, lubricates The surface of the ridge 7, optimizing, together with the floating anti-friction piston 3, the thickness of the composite lubricating layer on the wheel ridge, which is automatically partially rotated by the rotaprint method to the side face of the rail head.

Thus, the task is achieved in that the consumption of a lubricant with a low-melting metal component occurs from the moment of discontinuity of the lubricant layer to the end of its formation on the surface of the side face of the wheel band crest as a result of the antifriction properties of the floating piston. This ensures automatic optimization of the specified (by pressing the working spring 12) the thickness of the composite lubricating layer with a minimum consumption of lubricant and maintaining the continuity of the protective film with a low coefficient of friction.

Sources of information

1. Reiff Richard P., Clayton Paul. Wheel / rail lubrication update: Press - release of Association of American Railroads (AAR), 1998.

2. F. Bierman. Lubrication of rails and wheels. International Conference on Lubrication and Wear of Machines // Edited by A. Petrusevich - M .: State Scientific and Technical Publishing House of Engineering Literature, 1962, p. 492 - 498.

3. Voronkov B.D. Dry friction bearings. - 2nd ed., Revised. and add. - L .: Engineering, Leningrad. Department, 1979, pp. 45-50.

4. Akhverdiev K.S., Kotelnitskaya L.I., Voronin N.S. About one solution to the problem of hydrodynamic lubrication by a fluid formed during melting of a guide, in the presence of forced lubrication // Vestnik DGTU, t.1, No. 4 (10), 2001.

5. A.S. No. 486183, USSR, M. cl. F 16 7/12, 1975, BI No. 36.

Claims (7)

1. The lubrication system of open friction surfaces, comprising a composite lubricating element in contact with one of the friction surfaces and a device for pressing said element against the friction surface, characterized in that the composite lubricating element is installed in the guide with the possibility of translational movement towards the lubricated friction surface contains a heat-resistant wear composite body, the internal cavity of which is filled with a lubricant and closed on the sma side yvaemoy anti-friction surface of the floating piston, bearing a fusible metal components. 2. The lubrication system of open friction surfaces according to claim 1, characterized in that the wear-out composite heat-resistant housing of the composite lubricating element is made in the form of a guide in the form of a rectangle or cylinder. 3. The lubrication system of open friction surfaces according to claim 1, characterized in that to prevent leakage of the lubricant from the housing of the composite lubricating element at high ambient temperature, an annular gap is provided between the floating piston and the housing of the lubricating element, through which the lubricant flows to the friction surface . 4. The lubrication system of open friction surfaces according to claim 1, characterized in that a flux is located in the channel of the metal component to increase the adhesion of the metal film to the friction surface. 5. The lubrication system of open friction surfaces according to claim 1, characterized in that the floating antifriction piston is made of fluoroplastic having heat resistance, low friction coefficient, high wear resistance and the ability to form a film that reduces surface stresses on a metal film with a low coefficient of friction. 6. The lubrication system of open friction surfaces according to claim 1, characterized in that, in order to avoid distortion and jamming of the device for pressing the composite lubricating element to the wheel flange, a guide is installed at the end from the side of the friction surface. 7. The lubrication system of open friction surfaces according to claim 1, characterized in that, in order to ensure traffic safety, reduce frustration of elements and increase service life, it is mounted on the sprung frame of the trolley.

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