RU2223816C1 - Adsorbent for individual respiratory organ protection means - Google Patents

Abstract

FIELD: sorbents and civil defense. SUBSTANCE: invention relates to manufacturing coal-based adsorbents, in particular to manufacture of adsorbent for individual respiratory organ protection means intended for adsorption organic vapor mixture (benzene, toluene, cyclohexane, etc.), inorganic gases and vapors (sulfur hydride, hydrogen cyanide, chlorine, etc.), or mixture of inorganic and acidic gases and vapors (sulfur dioxide, hydrogen chloride, hydrogen fluoride, etc.), or mixture of all above-named substances. Subject adsorbent contains 0.5-4.9% copper oxides (as Cu), 3.0-17.0% sodium and/or potassium carbonate, and activated carbon. The latter is characterized by summary pore volume 0.75-1.25 cu.cm/g. EFFECT: prolonged protection time. 2 cl, 4 tbl

Description

 The invention relates to the production of carbon-based adsorbents, in particular to the production of an adsorbent for personal respiratory protection (RPE), designed to absorb a mixture of organic vapors (benzene, toluene, cyclohexane, etc.) and inorganic gases and vapors (sulfur hydride hydrogen cyanide, chlorine, etc.), or a mixture of inorganic and acidic (sulfur dioxide, hydrogen chloride, etc.) gases and vapors, or a mixture of organic vapors, inorganic and acidic gases and vapors (brands AB, BE and ABE )

 The known catalyst [TU 2178-066-05795731-01 catalyst, Perm], which is activated carbon impregnated with copper compounds in an amount of 5.5-8.0 wt.%, Chromium 1.4-2.4 wt.% , silver 0.02-0.10 wt.% in terms of copper, chromium and silver. The catalyst has a dynamic activity of sulfur dioxide of 27-33 minutes, of sulfur hydride of 50-70 minutes.

 Known adsorbent for respiratory protection [RU 2154525, cl. In 01 J 20/20, 20/02, A 62 D 9/0, 08/25/1999], which is an active carbon impregnated with copper compounds in an amount of 5.5-8.0 wt.%, Chromium 1.4-2 , 4 wt.%, Silver 0.02-0.10 wt.% In terms of copper, chromium and silver and potassium carbonate in an amount of 6-9 wt.%. This adsorbent has a high dynamic activity of sulfur dioxide 40-50 minutes and sulfur hydride 50-70 minutes

 The disadvantages of the known catalyst and adsorbent are the high cost due to the introduction of a precious metal, the need for the introduction of carcinogenic chromium compounds that have little effect on the absorption capacity for inorganic and acid gases and vapors, and the catalyst does not have a high dynamic activity of sulfur dioxide.

It is known that most active carbons intended for the manufacture of chemical absorbers have a total pore volume of 0.75-1.20 cm ³ / g, and active carbons intended for the adsorption of organic vapors have a dynamic benzene activity of at least 75 minutes. [AOOT EKhMZ, NPO Inorganika Active carbons. Elastic sorbents. Catalysts. Dehumidifiers. Chemical absorbers. Catalog. Cherkasy, 1996, pp. 8-33].

The closest in technical essence to the proposed adsorbent is an acid gas absorber [RU 2138441, cl. C 01 B 31/08, 31/16, B 01 J 20/20, 02.03.98], which is activated carbon with a total pore volume of 0.85-1.25 cm ³ / g, impregnated with copper oxides in an amount of 5, 0-9.5 wt. % in terms of copper and potassium carbonate in the amount of 5.9-9.4 wt.% in terms of potassium. The acid gas absorber has a dynamic activity of 51–60 minutes for sulfur dioxide and 34–40 minutes for hydrogen cyanide.

The disadvantages of an acid gas absorber are insufficient absorption capacity for organic vapors for the ABD and ABE grades due to the overlap of the approach to the absorber micropores with a large number of ingredients, the inability to use activated carbon with a total pore volume of less than 0.85 cm ³ / g, which significantly narrows the raw material base for the production of an absorber; high consumption of raw materials for ingredients

 The authors were faced with the task of developing an adsorbent based on activated carbon with a wider range of total pore volume, which is necessary for equipping RP, AB, BE, and ABE grades to absorb a mixture of organic vapors and inorganic gases and vapors, a mixture of inorganic and acid gases and vapors, and a mixture of organic vapors, inorganic and acid gases and vapors with a sufficiently high protective action time for each class of substances, with a lower consumption of raw materials for the ingredients.

The result is achieved by the fact that:
1 In the adsorbent for RPD containing active carbon, copper oxides and potassium carbonate, sodium carbonate is used instead of potassium carbonate or in addition to it in the following ratio of components, wt.%:
Copper oxides in terms of copper - 0.5-4.9
Sodium carbonate and / or potassium - 3.0-17.0
Activated Carbon - Else
2 The adsorbent for RPD contains active carbon with a total pore volume of 0.75-1.25 cm ³ / g.

The difference of the proposed adsorbent is that:
- less expensive sodium carbonate is used as an interchangeable component in the adsorbent for RPE;
- the adsorbent for RPD contains copper oxides in an amount of 0.5 wt.% in terms of copper and sodium and / or potassium carbonate in an amount of 3.0-17.0 wt.%;
- the adsorbent for RPE may contain the required number of ingredients in the range of the total pore volume of activated carbon 0.75-0.83 cm ³ / g

 Active carbon in the proposed adsorbent provides the absorption of organic vapor.

 Copper oxides in the proposed adsorbent provide the absorption of inorganic gases and vapors and, to a lesser extent, acid gases and vapors.

 Sodium carbonate and / or potassium in the proposed adsorbent provides the absorption of acid gases and vapors and some inorganic gases and vapors.

The choice of activated carbon with a total pore volume of 0.75-0.83 cm ³ / g as one of the options for the coal base for the proposed adsorbent is due to the expansion of the raw material base for the production of adsorbent and the ability to place the required amount of ingredients in this range without significant difficulties in impregnating the active coal.

 The proposed adsorbent is prepared as follows.

Prepare copper carbonate ammonia and sodium and / or potassium carbonate in one solution, or solutions of copper carbonate and sodium and / or potassium carbonate separately, or separately, and then mixed. Activated carbon is impregnated either with a mixture of solutions, or sequentially at first with one of the solutions, then with another with an intermediate heat treatment after aging. The ratio of activated carbon by weight in kg and impregnating solution by volume in dm ³ take 1: (0.4-0.8), respectively. After the end of the impregnation and aging, activated carbon is subjected to heat treatment at a temperature above 100 ^o C to the desired moisture content.

The acid gas absorber made according to the prototype and tested under the conditions similar to the proposed adsorbent has a dynamic activity of sulfur dioxide of 51-60 minutes, of sulfur hydride of 50-60 minutes, of benzene 70-45 minutes, the time of protective action of cyanide is 150-180 min at a concentration of hydrogen cyanide 1.1 g / m ³ and 40-55 min at a concentration of 5.6 g / m ³ .

 Data on the absorption capacity for sulfur dioxide of the proposed adsorbent for RPE are presented in table 1.

From table 1 it is seen that the proposed adsorbent for RPE has a dynamic activity of sulfur dioxide:
- at the level of a known absorber (prototype) with the content of ingredients, wt.%:
Copper oxides in terms of copper - 0.5-10.0
Sodium carbonate and / or potassium - 9.0-11.0
- at a level exceeding the level of a known absorber (prototype), with the content of ingredients, wt.%:
Copper oxides in terms of copper - 0.5-10.0
Sodium carbonate and / or potassium - 11.0-17.0
The decrease in the content of sodium carbonate and / or potassium below 4.0 wt.% Leads to the loss of dynamic activity of sulfur dioxide below the level of the first analogue.

An increase in the content of sodium and / or potassium carbonate above 17 wt.% Is impractical, since it leads to a decrease in dynamic activity due to a decrease in the porosity of the coal base and blocking of the active centers of additives, clumping and sticking of adsorbent grains, salting out of additives on adsorbent particles with a total pore volume of 0, 75-0.83 cm ³ / g.

 The exclusion of copper oxides from the adsorbent leads to a drop in dynamic activity below the level of the first analogue when the content of sodium carbonate and / or potassium is 4.0-6.0 wt.%.

 An increase in copper content above 10.0 wt.% Is technologically impossible because of the incomplete dissolution of the calculated amount of copper carbonate in the ammonia solution and the missing amount of copper falling into the pores of activated carbon, especially when forming a mixture of solutions of copper carbonate ammonia and sodium and / or potassium carbonate.

 Data on the absorption capacity for sulfur hydride of the proposed adsorbent for RPE are presented in table 2.

From table 2 it is seen that the proposed adsorbent for RPE has a dynamic activity of sulfur hydride:
- at the level of a known absorber (prototype) with the content of ingredients, wt.%:
Copper oxides in terms of copper - 0.5-10.0
Sodium carbonate and / or potassium - 3.0-4.0
Copper oxides in terms of copper - 9.0-10.0
Sodium carbonate and / or potassium - 11.0-17.0
- at a level exceeding the level of a known absorber (prototype), with the content of ingredients, wt.%:
Copper oxides in terms of copper - 0.5-8.0
Sodium carbonate and / or potassium - 4.0-17.0
The decrease in the content of sodium carbonate and / or potassium below 3.0 wt.% Leads to the loss of dynamic activity of sulfur hydride below the level of the known absorber (prototype) and analogues.

 The increase in the content of sodium carbonate and / or potassium above 17.0 wt.% Does not lead to an increase in the dynamic activity of sulfur hydride.

 Data on the absorption capacity for hydrogen cyanide of the proposed adsorbent for RPE are presented in table 3.

From table 3 it can be seen that the proposed adsorbent for RPD in a gas mask box with a small adsorbent volume meets the requirements of GOST R 12.4.193-99 for the duration of the protective action of hydrogen cyanide:
- on the first degree of protection when containing ingredients, wt.%:
Copper oxides in terms of copper - 0.5-10.0
Sodium carbonate and / or potassium - 3.0-17.0
- the second degree of protection when containing ingredients, wt.%:
Copper oxides in terms of copper - 8.0-10.0
Sodium carbonate and / or potassium - 3.0-17.0
- at the level of a known absorber (prototype) with the content of ingredients, wt.%:
Copper oxides in terms of copper - 0.5-10.0
Sodium carbonate and / or potassium - 14.5-17.0
A decrease in copper content of less than 0.5 wt.% And sodium carbonate and / or potassium less than 3.0 wt. % leads to inconsistency of the RPD with the requirements of GOST R 12.4.193-99.

 An increase in the content of sodium carbonate and / or potassium above 17.0 wt.% Does not lead to an increase in the time of the protective effect on hydrogen cyanide.

 Data on the absorption capacity for benzene of the proposed adsorbent for RPE are presented in table 4.

From table 4 it is seen that the proposed adsorbent for RPE has a dynamic activity on benzene at the level of activated carbon, intended for the adsorption of organic vapor, with the content of ingredients, wt.%:
Copper oxides in terms of copper - 0.5-5.0
Sodium carbonate and / or potassium - 3.0-11.0
Copper oxides in terms of copper - 5.0-10.0
Sodium carbonate and / or potassium - 3.0-8.0
The use of activated carbon impregnated with copper oxides in the range of 0.5-10.0 wt.% As the proposed adsorbent for RPD grades AB, BE and ABE. % in terms of copper and sodium and / or potassium carbonate in the range of 3.0-17.0 wt. % in various ratios allows to obtain an adsorbent with dynamic activity on sulfur dioxide and sulfur hydride at the level of a known absorber (prototype) and analogues and above, on cyanhydrogen - at the level of a known absorber (prototype), on benzene - above the level of a known absorber (prototype) and the first analogue, with a lower consumption of raw materials for the ingredients, using activated carbon with different total pore volumes, primarily with a total pore volume of 0.75-0.83 cm ³ / g

 For instance.

For equipment ABE brand ABE one of the optimal intervals for the ratio of the components in the proposed adsorbent is the following, wt.%:
Copper oxides in terms of copper - 0.5-5.0
Sodium carbonate and / or potassium - 7.0-11.0
Activated carbon with a total pore volume of 0.75-0.83 cm ³ / g and above - The rest
The ratio of the components of the known absorber (prototype), wt.%:
Copper oxides in terms of copper - 5.0-9.5
Potassium carbonate - 20.8-33.2
Active carbon with a total pore volume of 0.85-1.25 cm ³ / g - The rest
The raw material consumption for the ingredients of the proposed adsorbent for RPE ABE brand is 1.5-3.0 times less than that of the known absorber (prototype), the total pore volume is wider than that of the known absorber (prototype), the range. Moreover, the known absorber (prototype), in contrast to the proposed adsorbent, is not acceptable for the equipment of RPEs designed to protect against organic vapors and inferior in protection against sulfur hydride.

 The proposed adsorbent for RPPE grades AB, BE and ABE has a sufficiently high protective time for a mixture of organic vapors and inorganic gases and vapors, a mixture of inorganic and acid gases and vapors, a mixture of organic vapors, inorganic and acid gases and vapors for each class of substances.

 The proposed adsorbent was manufactured in pilot batches and tested in the laboratory. The adsorbents from the experimental batches were equipped with commercially available RPMs and tested in the laboratory for compliance with the requirements of GOST R 12.4.193-99 for grades A1B1, A2B2, A3B3, B1E1, B2E2, V3B3, A1B1E1, A2V2E2, A3B3E3.

 From 01.01.2003, it is planned to serial production of the proposed adsorbent and RPE, equipped with the proposed adsorbent.

Claims (2)

1. The adsorbent for personal protective equipment of the respiratory system, containing activated carbon, copper oxides and alkali metal carbonate, characterized in that it contains, wt.%: Copper oxides in terms of copper 0.5-4.9 Sodium carbonate and / or potassium 3.0-17.0 Active carbon Else 2. The adsorbent for personal protective equipment of the respiratory system according to claim 1, characterized in that it contains activated carbon with a total pore volume of 0.75-1.25 cm ³ / g

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