RU2223643C2 - Method for increasing viability of caviar, larvae, young fishes and acceleration of their growth - Google Patents

Abstract

FIELD: pisciculture. SUBSTANCE: the present innovation could be applied at enterprises dealing with fish breeding and fish reproduction. Fertilized caviar is incubated and treated with probiotic preparation named "Subtilis" obtained out of Bacillus subtilis VKM V-2250 D strain biomass at the quantity of 14-16 ml/1000 ex and introduced into fertilized caviar not later than 1.5 h against the onset of incubation. Treatment of larvae is conducted at the moment of changing for exogenous nutrition. Treatment of caviar, embryos and larvae with "Subtilis" preparation increases viability coefficient and decreases natural lethality in fishes at larval stage of development, provides life resistance stimulation in fishes at early stages of ontogenesis and intensity of natural immunity. EFFECT: higher efficiency. 2 ex, 2 tbl

Description

 The invention relates to fish farming, namely, methods for processing eggs and larvae of fish to increase the vitality of eggs, larvae, juvenile fish and accelerate their growth, and can be used in enterprises for breeding and reproduction of fish.

 Currently, to increase the viability and survival of fish in the early stages of development, it is widely known to use biologically active substances that affect the physiological processes in fish by treating eggs, larvae and juveniles with these substances (SU 1243667, class A 01 K 61/00, RU 2115308 C1, CL A 01 K 61/00, 1998).

 There is a method for the prevention of diseases of caviar and juvenile fish with saprolegnia, according to which fish eggs are kept in the immunomodulator solution during fertilization, which use 1 -> 3; 1 -> -β-D-glucans in concentrations of 100-1000 μg / ml. The processing method ensures the safety of eggs during transportation, increases the viability of the embryos and fry. However, this method is effective only against saprolegni mushrooms (RU 2081575 C1, class A 01 K 61/00, 06/20/1997).

 A known method of treating sturgeon caviar after bleeding eggs with para-aminobenzoic acid to increase its resistance to environmental disturbances, reduce the percentage of death of developing embryos, stimulate productivity and adapt sturgeons. This method is intended only for sturgeon fish, its use in an industrial environment is impossible. (RU 2073971 C1, class A 01 K 61/00, 02.27.1997).

There is a method of stimulating physiological processes in fish in the early stages of development, according to which the eggs and larvae of fish, mainly salmon, are kept in a solution of the biologically active substance dalargin for 1-4 hours at a concentration of dalargin in water of 1-10 mg / l. Dalargin (Dalarginum) - Tyrosyl-2-alanyl-glycyl-phenylalanyl-leucyl-arginine. A peptide compound consisting of 6 amino acid residues (hexapeptide). Available in the form of diacetate (X = 2CH ₃ COOH). White amorphous powder, easily soluble in water and alcohol. Increases the vitality of eggs and larvae, stimulates their growth. (SU 1286138, class A 01 K 61/00, 1987). This method is selected as the closest analogue of the claimed invention.

 The problem to which the invention is directed is to develop an effective and easy-to-carry out method for processing caviar and fish larvae to increase vitality and accelerate their growth.

 The technical result achieved by the implementation of the invention is to increase the survival and viability of embryos, larvae, fish fry, increase the average weight of individuals, accelerate the organogenesis process in larvae, and most importantly, increase the viability of fish in the early stages of ontogenesis.

 For this, fertilized eggs are incubated and treated with the Subtilis probiotic obtained from the biomass of the Bacillus subtilis strain VKM B-2250 D in an amount of 14-16 ml per 1000 specimens, while it is preferable to treat the fertilized eggs 1-1.5 hours after it incubation, and the processing of larvae is carried out at the time of its transition to exogenous nutrition.

 It has been established that "Subtilis" helps to stimulate not only the productivity, adaptability and vitality of fish, but also stimulates the vitality of fish in the early stages of ontogenesis and increases the tension of natural immunity.

 The dosage form of the probiotic "Subtilis" contains 80-90% of the microbial cells of the bacteria Bacillus subtilis VKM B-2250 D. The probiotic has specific activity: one dose of the drug contains (15-20) billion microbial cells / ml (Problems and prospects for the development of aquaculture in Russia, materials of reports of the scientific-practical conference, 2001 KrasnIIIRH, (p.190).

 It has been experimentally established that the probiotic effect of Subtilis is dose-dependent.

 Example 1

 The experiments on processing fertilized eggs with probiotic were carried out in three versions. To do this, 3000 copies of embryos were selected at the stage of 4-8 blastomeres and placed in crystallizers.

 In all cases, the experiments were performed in three series. The results are presented in table. 1. Each series differed among themselves in the amount of Subtilis introduced into the experience. In the first series of experiments, embryos and larvae were incubated with the addition of 5 ml, in the second - 10 ml and in the third - 15 ml of subtilis per 1000 specimens. Processing of embryos with a probiotic in the 1st embodiment was carried out 1.5 hours after the start of incubation at the stage of 4-8 blastomeres; in the 2nd, at the time of transition of the larvae to exogenous nutrition; in the 3rd, 10 days after the transition of the larvae to full exogenous nutrition. In all variants of the experiments, embryos and larvae were initially kept in 1-liter jars for 1-2 hours, and then they, together with the contents of the jar, were transferred to 10 liter aquariums until the end of the observation period. During the experiment, after the larvae switched to exogenous nutrition, the fish were fed first with egg yolk and then with daphnia.

 Monitoring the development and survival of embryos and larvae was carried out daily. The main attention was paid to the rate of development of larvae and the dynamics of their death.

 Studies have shown that pretreatment of embryos and larvae with Subtilis increases their survival rate and reduces the natural mortality of fish at the larval stage of development.

 After processing embryos and larvae at a dose of 5 ml per 1000 specimens, in the 1st variant, 65% survived, in the 2nd - 59%, in the 3rd - 36%. Among the fish that received 10 ml of Subtilis, they survived, respectively: in the 1st variant - 75%, in the 2nd - 74%, in the 3rd - 40% of the fish. When 15 ml of the probiotic was added, it survived in the 1st variant - 77%, in the 2nd - 75%, in the 3rd - 45% of the specimens.

 In the control, the number of surviving fish without treatment with Subtilis was more than 2–3 times lower than in the experiment and, accordingly, was 27%.

 Pathological analysis of the larvae showed that all dying and dead larvae showed an intensive development of saprolegny. The maximum death of the larvae was mainly established in the intervals between 10-22 days after the start of the transition of larvae to exogenous nutrition. In more than 70-80% of fish in the first and second variants of the experiment, the process of organogenesis completes faster than in the control ones.

 Processing "Subtilis" increases the vitality of fish in the early stages of ontogenesis and the tension of natural immunity. Under the influence of Subtilis, the process of organogenesis in larvae is accelerated.

 Example 2

 In a large fish farm tested the proposed method in a production environment. For this, fertilized eggs in amounts from 350 to 500 g were loaded into a Veta apparatus and mixed for 5-10 minutes. Then the probiotic "Subtilis" was added in the required quantities. The test results are presented in table. 2. In all tested groups, the results confirm the high effectiveness of the probiotic.

 Compared with the control, the yield of larvae, the yield of juveniles, and the average weight (weight) of juveniles were increased. It is especially necessary to note the effectiveness of probiotic processing of overripe (spoiled) caviar.

Claims (1)

A method of increasing the vitality of eggs, larvae, juvenile fish and accelerating their growth, providing for a single treatment of eggs with a biologically active substance, characterized in that the eggs are fertilized, incubated until embryos and larvae are treated with a biologically active substance, which is used as a probiotic preparation “Subtilis” obtained from the biomass of the strain Bacillus subtilis VKM B-2250 D, in the amount of 14-16 ml per 1000 specimens, while fertilized eggs are treated no later than 1.5 hours after the start of incubation, and lychee nki - at the time of transition to exogenous nutrition.

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