RU2223125C1 - Life-saving appliance - Google Patents

Abstract

FIELD: life-saving appliances, particularly for person evacuation from upper floors of burning building, for mining-rescue operations in extreme conditions. SUBSTANCE: device comprises cable reel with flexible bearing member with engaging means formed at free end thereof, belt and strap for device fixation to person body, braking mechanism fixedly connected to cable reel shaft. Braking mechanism includes stator with cylindrical inner chamber, cylindrical rotor located in stator chamber and stator end caps. Braking mechanism has hydraulic drag control system. Rotor is located tangentially to cylindrical stator chamber surface and has longitudinal cylindrical groove on outer surface thereof. Displacer is pivotally secured along cylindrical groove axis such that displacer can perform swinging motion. Displacer is formed by two cylindrical crossing surfaces, which create longitudinal ribs on intersection area. One longitudinal rib is working. Device has system for providing of working rib constant cooperation with inner chamber surface of stator. Stator end cap have two ring grooves located eccentrically to one another. Inner groove center coincides with rotor axis. Outer groove center concurs with stator cylindrical chamber. Rings are located into grooves such that ring outer surfaces flush with end cap inner surfaces. Rings may rotate into grooves. Small ring is fixedly connected to rotor and pivotally cooperates with displacer pivot pin. Large ring is fixedly connected with displacer working rib. Small ring outer radius is less than rotor radius, large ring outer radius is greater than stator cylindrical chamber radius. EFFECT: increased safety and reliability. 2 cl, 6 dwg

Description

 The technical solution relates to devices for gravitational descent of burning buildings rescued from the upper floors, during mountain rescue operations, during the evacuation of people from distressed vessels of air and water transport.

 Rescue devices are known for the gravitational descent of people along a durable, flexible or elastic bearing element fixed on top - a rope, cable, halyard, tape, etc. [1-6].

 All these devices contain a cable drum with a supporting element packed on it, a trigger speed limiter - a brake and straps for fixing the supporting element on the body of the rescued.

 The main disadvantage of all these known devices is the practical impossibility of adjusting the speed of descent depending on the mass of the rescued. It is impossible to foresee the weight of the rescued in advance, and it can vary within a very wide range from 3-5 kg (pets and infants) to 100 or more kg, and during group descent of the rescued - up to 300-400 kg.

 In addition, most of the known rescue devices are single-use mechanisms, as in the process of use, part of the components and parts that compose them fails - it is destroyed [2, 3, 6], and in other devices [1, 4, 5], re-adjustment to reuse is difficult and time-consuming and, in any case, cannot be carried out during an emergency in view of its extremeness and transience.

 According to its functional purpose, the number of common structural features and the order of use during rescue operations, the closest analogue of the proposed technical solution is the device according to Russian patent 2149046 from 05.20.2000.

 This rescue device for the gravitational descent of people in extreme conditions includes a cable drum with a flexible supporting element with a hook on the free end, a belt and straps for fixing on the evacuated body, a brake mechanism rigidly fixed to the axis of the cable drum and made in the form of a stator with an inner cylindrical chamber , a cylindrical rotor installed in the stator chamber, and end caps of the stator for the prototype.

 The task to which the claimed technical solution is directed is to increase the reliability of the device, creating such an interconnection of its structural elements, in which there could be no threat to the life of the rescued.

 T. about. the technical result that must be obtained in the implementation of the claimed technical solution is to increase the reliability and safety of the rescue device.

 The technical result is achieved when in a rescue device for the gravitational descent of people in extreme conditions, including a cable drum with a flexible supporting element with a hook on the free end, a belt and straps for fixing on the evacuated body, a braking mechanism, rigidly fixed on one axis with a cable drum, made in the form of a stator with an inner cylindrical chamber and a cylindrical rotor installed in the stator chamber, and end caps of the stator, according to the claimed technical solution of the brake the anism is equipped with a hydraulic control system for the braking force, the rotor is mounted tangentially to the cylindrical surface of the stator chamber and has a longitudinal cylindrical groove on the outer surface, along the axis of which a displacer is formed pivotally with the possibility of swinging about this axis, formed by two intersecting cylindrical surfaces that create longitudinal ribs at the intersection displacing, one of which is working, is equipped with a system for ensuring constant interaction of the working edge of the displacer with the surface of the inner cylindrical chamber in the stator, in the end caps of the stator are made two eccentric annular grooves relative to one another, the inner one with the center coinciding with the axis of the rotor, and the outer one with the center coinciding with the axis of the cylindrical working chamber in the stator, These annular grooves are flush with the inner plane of the lid, which are reciprocal in the shape of the grooves, with the possibility of free annular sliding in them rings, the smaller of which is rigidly mounted on the rotor and pivotally interacts It moves with the swing axis of the displacer, and the larger ring pivotally interacts with the working edge of the displacer, while the outer radius of the smaller ring is smaller than the radius of the rotor, and the larger ring is larger than the radius of the cylindrical chamber in the stator.

 Moreover, at the point of contact of the rotor and the cylindrical chamber of the stator, the outer edge of the smaller ring can touch the inner edge of the larger ring.

 The proposed devices can be stationary or portable, used by professionals - rescuers or the victims themselves, so there must be different options for their execution. They can vary in size depending on the descent altitude and on the given load capacity, be intended for reusable use during one episode, or be disposable for self-rescue of the victim, for repeated use by special units or stored in rooms in case of an emergency.

 All this makes special demands on the design of specific devices. So, with multiple use of the device during one episode, especially with the participation of qualified rescuers, the speed of ascent - returning the device to its original position for reuse, is of particular importance. The lifting speed should be maximum and, therefore, in such devices, the hydraulic control system should have a position at which there is the least resistance when lifting a load-bearing element that is free of cargo. The ratchet mechanisms commonly used in such cases are undesirable for this rescue device, as their accidental uncontrolled operation can lead to irreparable consequences - the death of the person being saved. You can increase the speed of rotation of the cable drum during reverse winding of the load-bearing element either mechanically by using, for example, a drill (but where can it be found in the confusion of an emergency?), Or manually, due to the handle included in the device’s kit and mounted on the cable drum casing. But, since the rotation of the cable drum during the return of the load-bearing element should be accelerated, it is advisable to provide the device with an extra large diameter gear interacting with a small diameter gear fixed to the main shaft of the cable drum and the brake mechanism. These gears must be covered with an additional cover to prevent personal injury.

 A search by scientific applicants for scientific, technical and patent sources of information and a prototype selected from a list of analogues made it possible to identify distinctive features in the claimed technical solution. Therefore, the claimed device meets the criteria of the invention of "novelty."

 The applicants carried out an additional search for known technical solutions in order to detect in them features similar to those of the distinctive part of the formula of the claimed technical solution, and a comparison of the properties of the claimed and known technical solutions due to the presence of these characteristics in them showed that the claimed solution has properties that do not coinciding with the properties manifested by the indicated features in known technical solutions, which determines the achievement of the claimed positive technical of effect, therefore, the technical solution of the invention meets the criterion "significant differences".

The invention is illustrated by the drawings, where:
- figure 1 shows a General view of the rescue device in a perspective view, the relative position of the main parts;
- FIG. 2 shows one of the end caps of the brake device with annular grooves for the rings sliding in them;
- figure 3 is the same as in figure 2, side view;
- figure 4 is the same as in figure 2, a top view;
- figure 5 - shows the sliding rings pivotally interacting with the axis and with the working edge of the displacer and ring grooves in the end caps of the stator,
- in FIG. 6 - shows one of the options for an accelerated return of a flexible carrier to a cable drum.

 The device of FIG. 1 includes a cable drum (not shown) in a protective casing 1, with a flexible load-carrying element 2 with a hook (not shown) on the free end, a fastening system of 3 straps and belts for fixing the device on the body of the rescued, a brake mechanism 4 with a hydraulic control system of 5 force braking. The brake mechanism 4 is rigidly fixed to one shaft 6 with a cable drum.

 The brake mechanism 4 includes a stator 7 with an internal cylindrical chamber 8, in which a cylindrical rotor 9 is mounted eccentrically to the chamber 8 and tangentially to its wall along line 10. The rotor 9 on its cylindrical surface 11 is made with a cylindrical groove 12 made from the center 13 located within the body of the rotor 9.

 In the center 13 of the groove 12, the longitudinal axis 14 of the oscillating (floating) displacer 15 is formed, formed by two intersecting cylindrical surfaces 16 and 17. One of which is the outer cylindrical groove - 16 is described from the center of the shaft 6 and is part of the surface of the cylindrical rotor 9, and the second - 17 has a radius of the cylindrical surface of the groove 12 in the rotor 9. From the ends, the stator 7 is closed by covers 18. The displacer 15 interacts with the system for ensuring constant interaction of the working rib 19 with the cylindrical wall 20 of the chamber 8. In the torus The center covers 18 are provided with two eccentric annular grooves, the smaller one is the inner 21, with the center coinciding with the center of the rotor 9, and the larger is the outer groove 22, with the center coinciding with the axis of the cylindrical chamber 8. In these grooves are flush with the inner surface end caps 18 are placed with the possibility of circular sliding in the grooves 21 and 22: a smaller ring 23, which is rigidly attached to the rotor 9 and pivotally interacts with the swing axis 24 of the displacer 15, and a larger ring 25, interacting with the hinge 26 of the working rib 19 NITEL 15.

 These grooves 21 and 22 can be made in the end planes of the stator 7, or, more preferably, in the inner planes of the end caps, each pair in this plane and their axis should be strictly parallel. Naturally, the axes of the smaller ring and the smaller groove must coincide, as well as the axes of the larger ring and the larger groove.

 Both the larger and smaller rings 23 and 25 rotate, making a complete revolution in the same time, but within one revolution, the smaller ring 23 rotates evenly, and the larger ring 25 within one cycle either accelerates or slows down.

 In FIG. 6, the additional gear 27 interacts with the small gear 28, which is rigidly fixed on the main shaft 6. The gear 27 is fixed between the wall of the protective casing 1 and the additional casing 29, to which the handle 30 is attached to rotate the gear 27 when the load-bearing element 2 is rewound on the cable drum. Since the winding of the load-carrying element 2 of circular cross section on a cable drum, as a rule, leads to laying in bulk, for the proposed device it is more expedient to use a load-carrying tape, for example basalt, usually recommended for rescue devices.

 When assembling the device, all its interacting elements are combined with a thick, high-quality lubricant. The chamber 8 in the stator 7, the hydraulic control system 5 and all the channels connecting them are filled with a viscous but less thick grease, preferably not interacting with a thick grease that does not dissolve it. When filling the internal cavities with viscous liquid, air must be carefully removed from them. Strict requirements are imposed on the filling fluid: it must be frost-resistant, not vaporize, be neutral to the structural material in contact with it, and not change its physical and mechanical properties over time.

 The device operates as follows.

 Under the influence of the weight of the evacuated flexible load-carrying element 2 begins to unwind the cable drum with the shaft 6. Through the shaft 6, the rotation is transmitted to the brake mechanism 4, causing the rotor 9 to rotate with the ring 23 and the displacer 15. The displacer 15 transfers the rotation of the ring 25 through the hinge 26, which starts circular sliding along the annular groove 22. With this rotation, the ring 25 ensures constant contact or clearance between the working rib 19 of the displacer 15 and the cylindrical wall 20 of the inner chamber 8 in the stator 7. The displacer 15, acting on the viscous The fluid filling the working cavity of chamber 8 begins to drive it in front of itself, while a vacuum forms behind the displacer and the fluid begins to circulate in a closed circuit: working chamber 8 in stator 7 - hydraulic control system 5 - working chamber 8 in stator 7. Overlapping living cross-section of the flow in the hydraulic control system 5, change the speed of circulation of the fluid flow, which, in turn, changes the speed of rotation of the shaft 6. Completely blocking the cross-section of the flow, achieve a complete stop of the shaft 6 and, therefore, anavlivayut rotation of the cable drum and stop the output from the apparatus flexible load-carrying element 2, the descent stops rescued.

 The proposed device can be used in two versions of rescue operations - in the option of self-rescue and in the option of saving a group of victims with the participation of the rescuer or the person organizing the rescue.

 Work in self-rescue mode is as follows.

 In the event of an emergency - a fire, a distressed person removes a rescue device from a place of permanent storage, fastens a hook (carabiner) on a durable element of an abandoned room (heating and water pipes, stair rails, etc.), with the help of straps and belts secures a rescue device device, as much as possible closes the hydraulic control system 5 of the brake mechanism 4 and leaves the room through a window or balcony. Hanging on the load-bearing element 2, it gradually opens the hydraulic control system 5 of the brake mechanism 4 and, gradually gaining a descent speed, stops at the most suitable descent rate, from its point of view. Touching the ground, he runs away from the wall of the building to a certain safe distance and only after that drops the straps and belts, freeing himself from the rescue device.

 The rescue work involving a rescuer is as follows.

 First, the rescuer determines the best escape route and determines his location during the entire operation, allowing him to control the entire descent process. After that, he fastens the rescue device to a reliable element of the building with a special cable so that he can serve the rescue device without leaving the place of observation of the descent. Then, having determined the order of descent in distress, he helps them to put on straps and belts, fastens a hook or a carabiner of the load-carrying element 2 to them, and, having blocked the hydraulic control system 5 of the brake mechanism 4, helps the rescued person to hang outside the building. After that, the rescuer begins the descent of the rescued, opening the hydraulic control system 5 and constantly monitoring the descent. After the evacuee has reached the bottom of the descent, he independently or with the help of other rescuers removes the straps and belts from himself and ties them so that when they ascend they do not catch any elements of the building or wires. Then, the upper lifeguard starts lifting and winding the load-bearing element 2 on the cable drum, and the operation is repeated. After the evacuation of the last victim, the rescuer unhooks the rescue device, fastens the hook of the load-carrying element 2 to the nearest accessible strong and reliable element, fastens the rescue device on itself with straps and a belt and begins its own evacuation in self-rescue mode.

 The rapid growth of cities, the formation of megacities, the constant increase in number of storeys and population density, filling the city territory with objects of small infrastructure: parking lots, garages, cars, gas stations, kiosks for various purposes, etc. lead to the fact that fire brigades that arrived at the fire cannot find a free site for the development of their activities.

 In modern buildings, various substances are more and more used that emit poisonous gases during combustion, so the ignition centers should be localized as quickly as possible.

 Traffic congestion, narrowing of passages due to parked cars do not allow fire brigades to arrive at the scene as soon as possible, while the catastrophic consequences of fires grow exponentially over time.

 The growth in the number of floors makes it necessary to use very long retractable ladders, to create huge, clumsy and very expensive fire engines for them, non-rotary in cramped urban conditions, entangled in a mass of all kinds of wires and piled with pillars and trees.

 The fire extinguishing technology itself has not changed much over several centuries, perhaps only the use of foam is an achievement of the last century. As before, firefighters carry water, foam, hoses, stairs and much more to the place of the accident, everything necessary to extinguish the fire and for rescue operations. It is more expedient to constantly have all this at the site of a possible fire. Only specialists should be delivered to the place of fire: firefighters and rescuers, trained, highly qualified professionals, equipped only with personal protective equipment.

 Their urgent delivery to the scene can be carried out only by air. In this case, there is no need to create many huge ground or underground fire stations. The most suitable place for firefighters to stay is the roofs of high-rise buildings equipped with helipads protected from the wind. A helicopter will not always be able to land on the roof of a burning building, but professionals can always land from it, close to the scene of the incident, using the proposed rescue device.

 In the use of the proposed rescue device, first of all, the state bodies and organizations responsible for the safety of people who trust them should be interested: hotels, educational, entertainment and medical, municipal, office, design, trade and food establishments with a high density of saturation with people, where panic from fear and stress is possible. The ability to evacuate people from a large number of windows will allow you to disperse the crowd and take an emergency under the control of specialists. In addition, life insurance companies should be interested in using the rescue device.

Information Sources Used
1. Aaut. testimonial. USSR 402197 from 1973 according to IPC B 66 D 9/04.

 2. Patent of Russia 2129890 from 1999 according to IPC A 62 B 1/14.

 3. Patent of Russia 2145506 from 2000 according to IPC A 62 B 1/14.

 4. Patent of Russia 2081639 from 1997 for IPC A 62 B 1/10.

 5. US Patent 4,567,963 of 1986 for IPC A 62 B 1/10.

 6. Patent of Russia 2149046 from 2000 according to IPC A 62 B 1/08.

Claims (2)

1. A rescue device for the gravitational descent of people in extreme conditions, including a cable drum with a flexible supporting element with a hook on the free end, a belt and straps for fixing on the evacuated body, a brake mechanism rigidly fixed to the axis of the cable drum and made in the form of a stator with an internal a cylindrical chamber, a cylindrical rotor installed in the stator chamber, and end caps of the stator, characterized in that the brake mechanism is equipped with a hydraulic control system for the braking force , the rotor is mounted tangent to the cylindrical surface of the stator chamber and has a longitudinal cylindrical groove on the outer surface, the axis of which is displaced pivotally with the possibility of swinging relative to this axis, formed by two intersecting cylindrical surfaces that create longitudinal displacer ribs at the intersection, one of which is working , equipped with a system for ensuring constant interaction of the working edge of the displacer with the surface of the inner cylindrical chamber in the stator, in the end faces the stator covers are made one in the other two ring grooves which are eccentric with respect to the other, the inner one with the center coinciding with the axis of the rotor, and the outer one with the center coinciding with the axis of the cylindrical chamber in the stator; in these annular grooves, there are reciprocal the shape of the grooves, with the possibility of free circular sliding in them, rings, the smaller of which is rigidly mounted on the rotor and pivotally interacts with the swing axis of the displacer, and the larger ring pivotally interacts with the working they displacer rib, the outer radius of the smaller ring is smaller radius of the rotor, and a larger ring - greater than the radius of the cylindrical chamber in a stator. 2. The device according to claim 1, characterized in that at the point of contact of the rotor and the cylindrical chamber of the stator, the outer rib of the smaller ring touches the inner rib of the larger ring.

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