RU2223094C2 - Method for treating post-weaning diarrhea in piglets - Google Patents

Abstract

FIELD: veterinary science. SUBSTANCE: before morning feeding a sick piglet in case of the first signs of digestive disorder should be daily fed with 5 ml 2-3%-aqueous sodium acetate solution of 15-30 C out of syringe's cannula onto tongue's root. This procedure should be repeated during 10 d. EFFECT: higher efficiency of therapy. 2 dwg, 2 ex

Description

 The invention relates to veterinary medicine and is intended to carry out therapeutic measures for mass post-weaning colliarrhea of piglets at pig farms and enterprises for growing young pigs.

 Johnson et al. (1992) believe that rotaviruses, Escherichia coli, Clostridium perfringens, Isospora suis, transmissible gastroenteritis virus, and Enterococcus durans may be the causes of acute digestive disorders of young pigs occurring in the form of diarrhea. According to veterinary bacteriological laboratories, the etiological agent is often enteropathogenic, enterotoxigenic and enterohemolytic strains of Escherichia coli of serogroups O 8, O 9, O 20, O 137, O 138, O 139, O 141, O 142, O 147 and O 149. Often they contain saw - antigens K88, K99, 987r and have hemolytic properties.

 Known methods of treatment of post-weaning diarrhea of piglets caused by enteropathogenic strains of E. coli. Basically, these methods include: the use of antimicrobials, in particular antibiotic therapy; the use of substances that prevent adhesion (the use of powder of non-immune blood plasma of adult pigs) [Nollet et al., 1999]; oral administration of specific antibodies [Pankratz, 1990] active immunization with multivalent vaccines [Cicuta et al., 1999].

 The action of the above drugs is aimed at the destruction of pathogenic strains of Escherichia coli that colonize the intestines; to prevent colonization of the small intestine by blocking the receptor-binding site of bacterial adhesins with receptor analogues, such as glycoproteins; or to attempt to develop humoral immunity in piglets.

 However, it should be noted low efficiency and rather high cost of all of the above funds, as well as antimicrobial agents, since the intestinal microflora has the ability to adapt to the latter. When using antibiotics, the entire microflora (both pathogenic and normal) of the intestine is partially or completely destroyed, which can be replaced by microscopic fungi (for example, the genus Candidamyces).

 Dyspeptic disorders in young animals are often associated with colibacteriosis and are noted, as a rule, in piglets in the first days after weaning. A sharp change in environment, the mixing of animals from different litters, the sudden disappearance of “milk protection” and colonization of the intestines by pathogenic strains of Escherichia coli cause post-dark stress [Tzipori et al., 1980]. Etiopathogenesis in such cases begins with general excitation of the body, which causes excitation of the sympathoadrenal system and, as a consequence, achlorhydria of the stomach. As you know, gastric juice with a high content of hydrochloric acid has bactericidal properties. Low acidity of gastric juice creates favorable conditions for the development in the stomach of banal microflora that has got alimentary. Among the latter, Escherichia are found in large numbers. Thus, microorganisms from the environment enter the small intestine of the animal along with the feed, which causes dysbiosis. Therefore, any antimicrobial agents that do not cause the excitation of parietal cells of the stomach, are in this case ineffective.

 Antibiotics, probiotics and various chemotherapeutic drugs alter the microbial spectrum of intestinal contents, but they do not stimulate the secretion of hydrochloric acid in the stomach. Ultimately, the healing process is delayed, and the piglet loses weight.

 The closest analogue of the proposed method is the treatment of acute digestive disorders of calves caused by technological stress, a 2-3% solution of sodium acetate [Zhirkov et al., 2001]. The latter stimulates the secretion of parietal cells of the abomasum, which does not allow microorganisms from the environment to penetrate into the small intestine and create conditions for dysbiosis.

The main disadvantage of using antibiotics and other chemotherapeutic antimicrobials (sulfonamides, nitrofurans, etc.) is the relatively quick adaptability of pathogenic intestinal microflora, which makes their use ineffective, and the destruction of normal microflora can lead to further deepening of dysbiosis. Many chemotherapeutic drugs also have cumulative properties (that is, they can accumulate in the tissues of an animal), which is unsafe from an environmental point of view. The use of drugs that prevent microbial adhesion (using the example of dried non-immune blood plasma of adult pigs) has certain results in experimental infection of pigs with Escherichia coli (strain O 141: K85ab; Sta ^- , Stb ^- , LT ⁺ , SLTIIv ⁺ ). However, this drug is of purely theoretical interest and cannot be recommended for widespread use because of its high cost. Active immunization of both young and brood stocks is also not widespread due to the high cost of polyvalent vaccines, which, against the background of a general decline in livestock production, makes their use not always justified.

 The aim of the invention is to create the most optimal treatment regimen for young pigs using an environmentally friendly and cheap means for massive post-dark colidiarrhea.

 Colidiarrhea can have several predisposing factors. But the basis of the etiopathogenesis of this disease of young animals is most often achlorhydria, in which the natural barrier of the body is violated and there is no inactivation of foreign microflora that have penetrated the digestive tract with food. Therefore, a search was made for a means that can naturally excite the lining cells of the digestive glands of the stomach and thereby normalize the exosecretory function of parietal cells and prevent colonization of the intestine by foreign microflora.

 Sodium acetate was taken as a means of stimulating the work of the parietal glands of the stomach, which is a by-product of the synthesis of polytetramethylene ether glycol (Khimprom OJSC, Volgograd), successfully used to increase the milk fat content of cows and eliminate acute digestive disorders in newborn calves.

 Sodium acetate (Natrii acetas) is a white powder with a grayish or yellowish tint, slightly moist to the touch, with a faint smell of acetic acid. Chemically, it is the sodium salt of acetic acid. Crystal hydrate, one molecule of sodium acetate, is associated with three molecules of water (the content of anhydrous salt is 56-59 wt.%).

C ₂ H ₃ O ₂ Na • 3H ₂ O.

The essence of the proposed method for the treatment of post-weaning diarrhea of piglets, including the correction of achlorhydria of the stomach, is that the sick pig at the first signs of indigestion (refusal to feed, depression, and then frequent bowel movements and diarrhea, which often happens in the first days after weaning ) desoldering 10 ml 3.2% aqueous solution of sodium acetate cannula syringe tongue root at a solution temperature of 15-30 ^o C, then daily before the morning feeding - 5 ml, the procedure was repeated for 10 days, lyudaya while the condition of the animals.

 As our studies showed, after 3-4 days the period of convalescence began, and on the 7-8th day of treatment, the experimental pigs already exceeded (by weight gain) their counterparts from the control group.

 During the test, the period of mass farrowing during the outbreak of colibacillosis was selected (February - April 2001). The experiments were carried out on post-weaning pigs of large white breed belonging to the farm of OJSC Volgogradneftemash located in the Gornaya Polyana district of Volgograd. Experimental and control groups were formed by animals from different litters by random sampling; Piglets were kept under identical conditions in neighboring pens (10 animals each), having one common wall and were monitored for two weeks, starting from the day of weaning.

 The control group was treated with Farmazin (according to the annotation), since Escherichia coli strains isolated from feces showed the highest sensitivity to tylosin.

 The results were processed by the student method using the GB-STAT computer program.

 EXAMPLE 1. The diagnosis of colidiarrhea was made on the basis of clinical signs and confirmed vet. tank. the laboratory. An enterotoxigenic hemolytic strain of E. coli O 141: K88 Escherichia coli was found in the intestines of a dead piglet (5k).

 In animals of both groups, the disease began to appear on the second day after weaning. The live weight of piglets at this moment was (4.9 ± 0.7) kg (in the control group) and (5.0 ± 0.8) kg (in the experimental group).

 As can be seen from the diagrams (Fig. 1), no deaths were recorded in the experimental group for the entire observation period, while in the control 3 pigs fell, and in one the disease continued to progress towards the end of the observation period. The number of days of illness of animals in the experimental group was 15 days, which is 69.4% less than in the control. The average daily gain in live weight in the experimental group was (1.5 ± 0.4) kg; in the control - (0.3 ± 0.1) kg, i.e. 5 times lower (P <0.05).

 EXAMPLE 2. Based on laboratory tests, an enterotoxigenic hemolytic strain of E. coli E. coli O 9: K88: 987r was isolated from the intestine of a dead piglet. Among the dead piglets, the effects of septicemia with severe liver damage were sometimes found.

 In animals of both groups, the disease began to appear on the second day after weaning. The live weight of piglets at this moment was (4.6 ± 0.8) kg (in the control group) and (4.2 ± 0.8) kg (in the experimental group).

 As can be seen from the diagrams (figure 2), one piglet fell in the experimental group for the entire observation period, while in the control group there were four, and in addition four more animals continued to hurt by the end of the observation period. The number of days of illness of animals in the experimental group was 26 days, which is 84.6% less than in the control (48 days). The average daily gain in live weight (over 10 days of observation) in the experimental group was (1.5 ± 0.4) kg; in the control - (0.7 ± 0.2) kg, i.e. 114.3% lower (P <0.04).

 Significant advantages of the proposed method for the treatment of acute digestive disorders of piglets - weaners associated with technological stress over known analogues include the fact that an environmentally friendly substance acting on etiopathogenesis is used as a therapeutic agent - sodium acetate. The drug, stimulating the secretion of hydrochloric acid in the abomasum, is metabolized later in the Krebs cycle.

Sources of information
1. Zhirkov I.N., Bratukhin I.I., Gavrish V.V. The effectiveness of sodium acetate in diarrhea of newborn calves. // Veterinary medicine, 2001 .-- 10 .-- S.39-41.

 2. Johnson W. M., Fitzgerald G.R. Welter M.W. Welter C.J. The six most common pathogens responsible for diarrhea in newborn pigs. // Veterinary Medicine, 1992. April. P. 382-386.

3. Nollet H., Deprez P., Van Driessche E., Muylle E. Protection of just weaned pigs againct infection with F ⁺ Escherichia coli by non-immune plasma powder. // Vet Microbiol /, 1999 .-- V.65. - P. 37-45.

4. Pankratz D. Hyperimmune polyclonal antisera for preventing colibacillosis. // Proc 11 ^th Int. Pig Vet. Soc. Congr., 1-5 July, at Lauzanne, Switzerald, 1990. -P. 147.

 5. Cicuta M. E., Miranda A.O. Roibon W.R. Colibacilosis en lechones: prueba de eficacia de una vacuna. // Rev. Latinoam. Microbiol., 1999. Oct. - V.41. - N 4. - P. 263-265.

 6. Tzipori S., Chandler D., Smith M., Makin T., Hennessy D. Factor contributing to postweaning diarrhoea in a large intensive piggery. // Aust. Vet. J., 1980. - V. 56. - P.274-278.

Claims (1)

A method of treating post-weaning diarrhea of piglets, comprising administering a biologically active substance, characterized in that, at the first sign of a disorder, 10 ml of a 2-3% aqueous solution of sodium acetate are taken from a syringe cannula onto the root of the tongue at a solution temperature of 15-30 ° C, then daily before morning feeding - 5 ml, the procedure is repeated for 10 days.

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