RU2222126C2 - Plow-cultivator and working tool for plow-cultivator - Google Patents

Abstract

FIELD: agricultural engineering. SUBSTANCE: plow-cultivator has plow bodies arranged in spaced relation with respect to one another. Each plow body has plow share and combined moldboard having wedge-shaped immovable member and concave disk with deflecting-mellowing members on its surface. Angle α between plane extending through ends of each concave disk and longitudinal axis of symmetry of plow-cultivator is selected within the range of 1-87 deg. Disk end is bent to side opposite to disk concavity for angle B of 1-187 deg. Disk is equipped with openings for replaceable inserting of deflecting-mellowing members. EFFECT: increased efficiency in soil plowing performed simultaneously with cultivation and improved soil grinding. 3 cl, 4 dwg

Description

 The invention relates to agricultural machinery and is used for plowing the soil with simultaneous cultivation.

 Known disk plow / 1 /, containing a frame with hitch elements and a diagonal beam, on which are mounted disk plow bodies with racks located behind the disk bodies of cultivators, the horizontal cutting planes of which are located below the similar planes of the disk housings, each cultivator is equipped with a rotary horizontal planes with a cutting knife, the horizontal plane of cutting of which is located above the cutting plane of the cultivator and the disk case.

 The disadvantage of a disk plow is the low quality of soil crushing due to the fact that the soil coming from the perimeter of the disk is not further crushed, as well as the lack of structural elements designed to comb out weeds from the top soil layer.

 Closest to the claimed invention is a cultivator with wrapping layers of soil / 2 /, having a set of separated by gaps working bodies. Each working body contains a plow share and a blade, which begin to wrap the sliced soil layers, and a concave soil-wrapping disk, which is located behind the blade, works at the same depth as the share and is inclined to the vertical. In this case, the disk processes the soil layer, partially inverted by the blade, and the untouched lower soil layer. The cultivator also has a reflector located after the disk, which completes the wrapping of the soil layer over the entire width covered by the working body.

 The disadvantage of this device is the low quality of soil crushing, since the reflectors installed behind the disk are not able to grind the soil coming from the perimeter of the disk.

 Known disk working body / 3 /, made in the form of a spherical disk fixed to the axis with a cutting edge. The disk is made with radial trapezoidal windows, the larger base of which is facing the cutting edge of the disk. The lateral cutting edges of each window are bent in opposite directions relative to the working surface of the disk. Rotating, the disk produces with its cutting edge the usual disking of the soil formation. Further, the edges bent inwards come into operation, which capture part of the soil and push it out of the disk through the windows. Edges serve to evenly spread the soil on the surface.

 The disadvantage of this device is the design complexity and insufficient quality of soil crushing, since only part of the soil layer cut by the disk is crushed.

 Closest to the claimed working body of the plow-cultivator is the disk described in / 4 /. It may take the form of a truncated sphere. The ends of the disk are made in the form of loosening elements having, for example, the shape of needles.

 The disadvantage of this working body is the lack of rigidity and low maintainability.

 The aim of the invention is to improve the quality of grinding the soil with a decrease in the density of the latter by cultivating the arable horizon simultaneously with the turnover of the reservoir, as well as increasing the rigidity and maintainability of the design of the working body.

This goal is achieved by the fact that in the plow-cultivator, consisting of plow bodies separated by gaps, each of which contains a plow share, a blade, a concave disk wrapping around the soil and a reflector, the blade is combined in the form of its fixed element - the chest of the blade and the concave disk wrapping around the soil with reflective-loosening elements located on its peripheral part. In addition, the lower ends of the reflective-loosening elements of the concave disk are located below the upper end of the chest of the blade, and the angle between the plane passing through the ends of each disk and the longitudinal axis of symmetry of the plow-cultivator is selected in the range from 1 to 87 ^o .

 In the lower part of each plow body, below the ploughshare, a vertical knife is installed to destroy the plow sole.

The working body of the cultivator plow, which is a rotating concave disk with loosening elements on its peripheral part, is made in such a way that the ends of the disk are bent to the opposite side of the disk concavity, at an angle from 1 to 178 ^o , holes are made in the bent part of the disk, which are installed with the possibility of replacement, the loosening elements, and the fastening of the replaced loosening elements is made from the side of the disk opposite to its concavity.

 In FIG. 1 shows a plow cultivator, side view; figure 2 - plow cultivator, top view; figure 3 - disk working body; figure 4 is a section aa in figure 3.

The cultivator plow consists of a frame 1 with elements of a linkage 2 on an energy tool. On the frame 1 there are fixed plow bodies with working bodies in the form of plowshares 3, over each of which the width of the ploughshare is mounted on the chest of the blade 4. Behind the chest of the blade 4 and ploughshare 3 there is a concave disk 5 with reflective-loosening elements 6 at its periphery, with lower ends reflective-loosening elements 6 are located below the upper ends of the chest of the blade 4, and the angle α between the plane passing through the ends of each concave disk 5 and the longitudinal axis of symmetry 7 of the cultivator plow is in the range from 1 to 87 ^o .

 In the lower part of each plow body, below the ploughshare 3, a vertical knife 8 is installed to destroy the plow sole.

 On the frame 1, a mechanism 9 for controlling the depth of plowing the soil with a support wheel 10 and a circular knife 11 can be fixed.

 To improve the incorporation of crop residues on the upper chest of the blade 4, an angle of 12 is set.

The working body of the cultivator plow, which is part of the combined blade, consists of a concave disk 5 with a bent end 13 of the latter, and the bend is made in the direction opposite to the concavity of the disk, at an angle β equal to 1-178 ^o , between the bent end 13 of the disk 5 and the tangent to the surface of the disk 5 at the bend point. In the bent end 13 of the disk 5, holes are made in which reflective-loosening elements 6 are installed with the possibility of replacement. The replaceable elements 6 are fastened using a threaded connection 14 and a special spring washer 15 from the side of the disk 5 opposite to its concavity. Elements 6 can be made in the form of pointed teeth of a circular or other section.

 The cultivator plow operates as follows. With the translational movement of the unit and the deepening of the working bodies, the soil layer is separated from the unplowed field by share 3 and fed to the chest of the combined blade. From the chest of the blade 4, the soil moves to the concave surface of the disk 5, which rotates from adhesion to the soil, by which the formation is rotated. Located on the peripheral part of the concave disk 5, the reflective-loosening elements 6 complete the formation wrapping and at the same time crumble it, followed by reflection of the crushed soil. Thus, the claimed device not only plows the soil, but also produces its cultivation.

 Vertical knife 8 destroys the plow sole, making cracks in it.

 The advantages of this invention over analogues is as follows. The proposed design of the cultivator plow and its working body is significantly simplified in comparison with analogues and, as a result, its metal consumption is reduced.

 The intense effect of rotating reflective-loosening elements on the soil layer allows more intensive crumbling of the soil, which reduces its density and at the same time provides a smooth plowing surface. This allows you to perform all the soil preparation operations for sowing in one pass.

 The implementation of cracks in the plow sole with a vertical knife 8 during autumn plowing ensures the filling of cracks with water in the autumn period and the destruction of the plow sole during freezing of the water that fills the cracks in winter, i.e., the physical effect of the transition of water from liquid to solid is used.

Sources of information
1. A.S. USSR 1718745.

 2. US patent 4687065, MKI A 01 5/04, 15/16, publ. 08/18/87

 3. A.S. USSR 1358798, MKI A 01 B 7/00, publ. 12/15/87

 4. Patent RB 2052, IPC A 01 B 79/02, A 01 C 9/00.

Claims (3)

1. A cultivating plow containing a frame and plow bodies mounted on it, each of which contains a plow share, a blade, a concave disk and a reflector, characterized in that the blade is made in the form of a front wedge-shaped fixed element and a concave disk mounted behind it with the possibility of rotation with reflective-loosening elements located on the peripheral part of the latter, and the angle between the plane passing through the ends of the loosening elements of each disk and the longitudinal axis of symmetry of the cultivator plow is 1-87 °. 2. The cultivator plow according to claim 1, characterized in that in the lower part of each plow body below the ploughshare, a vertical knife is installed to destroy the plow sole. 3. The working body of the cultivator plow, including a concave disc mounted for rotation, having loosening elements on its peripheral part, characterized in that the peripheral part of the disc is bent to the side opposite to the disk concavity, at an angle of 1-87 °, in the bent portions of the disk have openings in which loosening elements are installed with the possibility of replacement, while the loosening elements are fixed on the convex side of the disk.

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