RU2219494C2 - Device to transfer course from one horizon to another - Google Patents

Abstract

FIELD: measurement technology, geodetic instrumentation, taking measurements coupled to transfer of horizontal course, for instance, from ground surface to mine workings or inside structures. SUBSTANCE: device includes course transmitter and receiver optically coupled and installed at different horizons. Course transmitter comes in the form of TV camera incorporating two CCD matrixes, two matrixes of light sources, right-angle prism with two external side reflection faces and two light-splitting cubes-prisms. Right-angle prism is put on optical axis of TV camera and its vertex faces lens. Light splitting cube-prism is placed in symmetry with optical axis of lens, CCD matrix and matrix of light sources are mounted on adjacent faces of each, in focal planes of lens. Course receiver comes in the form of right-angle prism with two internal side reflection faces put on optical axis of lens and its vertex is oriented to opposite side of lens. EFFECT: raised measurement precision, simplicity of manufacture, potential to measure angle between course transmitter and receiver in unspecified direction. 1 dwg

Description

 The invention relates to measuring equipment, in particular to geodetic instrumentation, and can be used for measurements associated with the transmission of a horizontal direction, for example, from the surface of the earth to mine workings or into structures.

 Known devices for transmitting directions from one horizon to another, containing a direction transmitter mounted on one horizon, and an optically coupled direction receiver mounted on another horizon. The direction transmitter is equipped with a telescope (theodolite) with a vertical axis of rotation, and the direction receiver is equipped with a staff rail with strokes or luminous signal slots. The desired direction is counted in the form of the angle between the sighting axis of the telescope (theodolite) and the longitudinal axis of the rod [1]. These devices are characterized by low accuracy and do not meet the requirements of measurement automation.

 The closest to the claimed invention in terms of features (prototype) is a device for transmitting a horizontal direction from one horizon to another, containing a telescope mounted on it with a CCD camera mounted on one horizon, and a matrix of light sources mounted on another horizon [ 2]. The desired angle is measured by computer processing the image of the source matrix contained in the output television signal of the camera. The measurements are based on the fact that during mutual rotation around the vertical axis of the transmitter and the receiver, the image of the matrix of light sources in the television frame rotates at a proportional angle.

The prototype has disadvantages:
- the receiver and direction transmitter, installed at different horizons, require a power source (respectively for a camera and a matrix of light sources), which creates certain inconveniences;
- the measurement of the desired angle is carried out without a sign of monitoring the reliability of the measurements;
- the image of the matrix of light sources is transmitted to the camera lens in diverging beams of light, which is why when working at different horizons, re-focusing the lens is necessary, which reduces the measurement accuracy.

 The problem solved by the present invention is to eliminate these drawbacks by introducing into the transmitter circuit the directions of two equally accurate measurement channels and using the direction of an optical unit that does not require power supply as a receiver.

 To solve this problem, in the proposed device, containing an optically coupled and installed at different horizons transmitter and receiver directions, a camera with a CCD matrix and a matrix of light sources, in accordance with the invention and in contrast to the prototype, the transmitter direction is made in the form of a camera containing two CCD -matrices, two matrices of light sources, a rectangular prism with two external lateral reflective faces and two beam-splitting cube-prisms, with a rectangular prism mounted on the optical axis of the object of the camera with the vertex oriented toward the lens, the beam-splitting cube-prisms are mounted symmetrically relative to the optical axis of the lens, on the adjacent faces of each of them in the focal planes of the lens, a CCD matrix and a matrix of light sources are installed, and the direction receiver is made in the form of a rectangular prism with two internal lateral reflective faces mounted on the optical axis of the lens with a vertex oriented in the opposite direction from the lens.

As a result, two parallel, equal-current measurement channels are created, as a result of which the device acquires the following new features:
- increases the accuracy of the measurements due to the fact that the measurement result is calculated as the average value of the measurement results in each channel;
- the measurement accuracy is increased due to the fact that when the receiver is turned relative to the transmitter by a certain angle, the corresponding images in the video frames are rotated by a double angle;
- the directional receiver (a rectangular prism with internal reflective faces) does not require power supply, which improves the operational properties of the device;
- the algebraic sum of the measurement results in two channels is a sign of measurement reliability (serves as a “checksum” of the device);
- the direction is transmitted from the transmitter to the receiver in parallel beams of light, so that when changing the distance between them, re-focusing of the camera lens is not required.

 The invention is illustrated by the drawing, which shows: the direction transmitter, made in the form of a camera 1, into which two CCD arrays 2, two light source arrays 3, two beam-splitting cube prisms 4 and a rectangular prism 5, a lens 6 and a direction receiver, made in the form of a rectangular prism 7.

 The optical axis O-O of the camera 1 is mounted vertically. Cube prisms 4 are mounted symmetrically about this axis. On the adjacent faces of these prisms in the focal planes of lens 6, CCD matrices 2 and light source matrices 3 are fixed. The base of the rectangular prism 5 is mounted perpendicular to the optical axis OO of the camera passing through its apex facing the lens 6. The base of the rectangular prism 7 is perpendicular to the optical axis OO of the camera passing through its apex, facing in the opposite direction from the lens 6. As a result of the image of the matrix of light sources 3 by the lens 6 are transmitted to the prism 7, reflected from it and returned They are attached to the lens 6 in parallel beams of light, which is why when changing the distance between the transmitter and the direction receiver, refocusing of the lens 6 is not required. Video signals of the camera 1 from its outputs Output 1 and Output. 2 are transmitted to a computer, not shown in the drawing, for subsequent processing.

 The device operates as follows. Images of light source matrices 3 using beam-splitting cube prisms 4, a rectangular prism 5 and lens 6 in parallel light beams are transmitted to a prism 7, reflected from it and using the same lens 6, the same prism 5 and the same beam-splitting cube prisms 4 are projected onto the CCDs 2. As a result, the two outputs of the Out. 1 and Vykh.2 cameras 1 are formed video signals containing images of matrices of light sources in video frames. When the transmitter and the receiver rotate by a certain angle around the optical axis O-O of the camera 1, these images in the video frames rotate at a double angle, which serves as the basis for the measurements.

 By processing the video signals in the computer in each measurement channel, the angle of rotation of the image of the matrix of light sources in the video frame relative to its initial position is calculated. Based on the results of these calculations, the desired horizontal angle between the transmitter and the direction receiver is determined as the average value of the angles calculated in both measurement channels. As a result, a predetermined direction from the upper horizon, specified by the normal to the side face of the prism 5, is transmitted to the lower horizon — normal to the side face of the prism 7 — by summing the specified direction with the calculated rotation angle between the transmitter and the direction receiver.

 A characteristic feature of the device is that if the CCD matrix 2 and the matrix of light sources 3 on one of the cube prisms 4 are interchanged, then the corresponding images in the measurement channels will not rotate in one direction, but in different directions.

 The results of experimental studies showed the possibility of measuring the horizontal angle between the transmitter and the receiver of the direction with an error of the order of 1 arcsec.

 Using the proposed device, you can measure the mutual angle of rotation between the transmitter and the receiver of the direction, not only in the vertical, but also in arbitrary directions.

Sources of information
1. Gusev N.F. Mine surveying and geodetic instruments and instrumentation. - M .: Ugletekhizdat, 1958, p. 452.

 2. RF patent 2152591 from 10/14/1992. A device for transmitting a horizontal direction from one horizon to another (prototype).

Claims (1)

A device for transmitting directions from one horizon to another, containing a direction transmitter and receiver optically coupled and installed at different horizons, characterized in that the direction transmitter is made in the form of a television camera containing two CCD arrays, two arrays of light sources, a rectangular prism with two external side reflective faces and two beam-splitting cube-prisms, with a rectangular prism mounted on the optical axis of the camera lens with a vertex oriented toward the lens, LEDs The natural cube prisms are mounted symmetrically relative to the optical axis of the lens, on the adjacent faces of each of them in the focal planes of the lens, a CCD matrix and a matrix of light sources are installed, and the directional receiver is made in the form of a rectangular prism with two internal lateral reflective faces mounted on the optical axis of the lens with a vertex oriented in the opposite direction from the lens.