SU422951A1 - DEVICE FOR FOREST TAXATION P TV f ^ mn ^: 'пп?: Ртпйч ^ -У ^ Хч у .'wus-r \ иО - Google Patents

Description

The invention relates to the field of forest taxation.

The known devices for forest taxation, which contain an intra-base range finder, an altimeter, a full meter, do not allow to automatically take readings on all scales.

In order to simplify the measurement process and increase the labor productivity in the proposed instrument, the altimeter is equipped with two foremen with a common axis of suspension and independent arresting devices, the altimeter scale is made transversely movable and connected with the mechanism of an unshifted moving prism of a rangefinder with a 1: 2 ratio, and The diameter bar is connected to the height scale movement mechanism and is movable in the longitudinal direction.

FIG. 1 image device, appearance; in fig. 2 shows the optical layout of the instrument; pas figs. 3 shows the optical layout of the focusing and oculars of the second part of the optical system; in fig. 4 - optical mechanical mechanical circuit; in fig. 5 is a diagram of the altimeter block; in fig. 6 is a diagram of the conjugation of the threads leading to the scale of the altimeter block with the movable sleeves of the screw mechanism; in fig. 7 - scale of the altimeter block; in fig. 8 - the scale of the thickness gauge, visible in the eyepiece of the device.

The device (see Fig. 1) is enclosed in a plastic or metal case 1, on the upper surface of which there are distance ranges 2, auxiliary control distance ranges 3 and 4 and a movable height scale 5. This arrangement of scales is due to the layout of parts that reduces the size of the device generally. Inside the housing there is a dual-image optical rangefinder system with a variable basis in the instrument. The scheme of the optical part of the device is shown in FIG. 2 and 3, and the layout of the optical parts in FIG. 4. The rangefinder includes a supra-nentaprism 6 and a fixed pentaprism 7, which covers half of the lens aperture 8. Pentaprisms 6 and 7 constitute the variable basis of the optical rangefinder. The parallax angle of the rangefinder is constant. Focusing

the image is produced with a lens 9, positioned behind the lens 8 and a rectangular prism 10. The ocular part of the optical system is made up of prism 11, prism 12, plate (biprism) 13 printed on it

fan-shaped diameters of tree diameters moved to the focus of the ocular 14, depending on the movements of the pentaprism 6.

The prism 11 (see fig. 3) shifts the light beam in height and reverses its direction to the prnm 12, through which the beam enters the eye lane. The placement of the ocular in the middle part of the body provides the necessary expansion of the boundaries of the longitudinal displacements of the biprism with a scale of diameters about 60 mm long. To automate the operation of the height unit, it is composed of a movable scale 5 and an erect plummet 15 and 16, independently arrested and independently illuminated on a common axis 17. Automation of measuring the heights and diameters of trees is achieved by synchronous dependent movements of the pentaprism 6 (distance measurement), movable points 5 (installation in the operating position in range) and mobile biprizm 13 with a scale of diameters (installation in the operating position in range). In order to achieve the dependence and synchronization of the shifts, the specified scales and the mobile pentaprism of the range finder, there is a transmission, which includes the target screw 18, having sections 19 and 20, equal in magnitude and reversed in the direction of the screw thread within the specified sections. When the screw 18 is rotated, they move in opposite directions in their guide couplings 21 and 22 (see Fig. 4), with which the lead threads 23 and 24 are fastened, moving in their roller bearings 25, 26, 27 and 28, 29, 30 (see Fig. 5 and 6). Together with yarns 23 and 24, the scale of heights 5 moves, which is connected to the yarns of its lower plane. The gear ratio of the gear screw system is chosen to be 0.5, which ensures movement of the sleeves 21 and 22, as well as the height scale of 5 to 50 mm with simultaneous movement of the mobile pentaprism 6 to 100 mm. A movable plastic of elongated shape 13 with a scale of tree diameters is attached to the coupling 22, which makes it possible to automatically enter into the field of view the eye of a part of a fan-shaped scale, the scale of which cross-section ensures the correct reading of the diameter of the trunk from an arbitrary distance without corrections. The longitudinal movements of the movable pentaprism 6 are determined by the rotation of the rod 31 with a screw thread that fits into the corresponding screw holes of the rim of this pentaprism. The rotation of the rod 31 around its axis is set by the screw 18 through the gear 19 (see Fig. 4). The ratio of the thread pitch and the diameters of the gears should provide a selected gear ratio of 0.5. Index 33 is attached to the rim of the pentaprism 6 to indicate distances on scale 2. The presence of three distance scales (scales 2, 3 and 4) allows periodically monitoring the operation of the transmitting mechanism and the correctness of the readings of the height scale by comparing distance readings. For sighting at the bottom, top or arbitrary height of the tree in the device at the pentaprism level in the free space of the body, a diopter vision viewer with eye diopter 34 and subject diopter 35 are mounted (see Fig. 4). The dimensions of the device are about 170X X67X30 mm. The device works as follows. In determining the height of the tree, the altimeter block automatically solves two right-angled triangles formed by the variable leg of the distance scale 3 (see Fig. 7) and hypotenuses defined by fixed plumbs 15 and 16. The height of the tree h is / x-dtgvj + citgv, where d - horizontal range; Vi and V2 are respectively the vertical angles that are obtained in the device between the free plumb lines 15 and 16 and the line passing through the axis 17 of the plumb suspension and the zero bar of the height scale 5 (in the sighting position through the vision sight). When measuring, heights are stopped with the device at an arbitrary and convenient for measuring distance from the tree and are sight through the eye of the range finder to the tree trunk at eye level of the observer. The device is held manually or from the stop with the base horizontally. Rotate the target screw to align the images along the separating face in the eye. At that, the height scale 5, as well as the diameter scale, are automatically set to the required readings on the distance scales 3 and 4. For example (see Fig. 7) the distance readings on the scales 3 and 4 are 41 m. Turning the device with the eyebrow down and pressing the button arrestor of a tilt plumb 15, sight through a vision sight 34, 35 on the bottom of the tree and after calming down the plumb, release the catch button, secured the plumb line 15. Then, pressing the catch button of the plumb 16, sight the top of the tree and similarly fix the plumb 16. Then holding device arbitrariness but, determine the height of the object as the difference between the readings and the intersections of the axes of plumb lines 15 and 16 with the axis of the scale of heights 5. For example (see Fig. 7), the plumb reading is 15 6i -8.2 m, the plumb reading is 16 2 + 14, 3 m, then the full height of the tree hb - b is 22.5 m. Determining the diameter of the tree at an arbitrary height, first combine the images of the object at this height with a screw 18. As a result, the plate 13 with the fan-shaped scale of trunk diameters is automatically set to its working position range. After this (see Fig. 8), the image of the zero stroke of the fan-shaped scholes is combined with the image of the left edge of the tree trunk in the intersection point of the zero stroke with the ndex thread. Then, the required diameter is determined as a fan-like reading at the intersection point of the image of the right edge of the tree with the image of the index thread. This tschet is 44 cm (see Fig. 8).

Subject invention

A forest taxation device containing a double-base rangefinder with a variable base, the reference index of which is associated with a movable prism, a roan altimeter with a scale and a scale of diameters, which, in order to simplify measurements and increase labor productivity, the altimeter is equipped with two tiers

with a common axis of suspension and independent arresting devices, the height scale is made transversely movable and associated with the movement mechanism of the moving prism of the range finder by gear transmission with a 1: 2 ratio, and the fan-shaped diameter scale is connected with the height scale movement mechanism and is laid in the longitudinal direction.

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