RU2218415C2 - Clamp for tensioning and fastening flat semifinished items on perforated plates - Google Patents

Abstract

FIELD: mechanical engineering. SUBSTANCE: invention relates to clamping devices and it can be used in leather production for tensioning and fastening leather and like materials on perforated plates. Proposed clamping device contains grip for holding semifinished item and body with ring to hold clamp by hand, clamp and body being flexible interconnected by spring mounted on fixed rod. Leg for fastening clamp on plate is made in form of relatively guiding member connecting grip and body and installed for fixing on grip and body, and connecting spring is provided with load scale. Rod is secured on body or on grip. EFFECT: improved quality of dried leather and increased yield of leather, efficiency and enlarged operating capabilities. 16 dwg

Description

 The proposed solution relates to clamping devices and can be used in light industry, in particular in the leather industry, for tensioning and fastening leathers, skins and similar materials on perforated plates.

 During processing, the skin is repeatedly dried, using clamps and frames with perforated plates or nets that are installed on drying equipment.

 A clamp is known, comprising a housing with a leg for attaching the clamp to the perforated plate and a ring for holding the clamp in the hand, rigidly connected with a grip for pinching the edges of the semifinished product (see, for example, the book "Equipment for leather and fur enterprises", authors A. Burmistrov . and others, Moscow, "Light and Food Industry", 1981, p. 176, Fig. IV. 3 - clips for attaching leather to the frame).

 The disadvantage of the clamp is that the clamp does not allow you to control the tension of the semi-finished product before installing the clamp on the perforated plate. This leads to an uneven stretch of the semi-finished product, which increases the unevenness of the stresses in the semi-finished product when it is dried, reducing the quality.

 In addition, such clamps used for attaching soft leathers to perforated plates, for example, in dryers for drying leathers in a dynamic state, where the skin, when bending around the upper blocks of the dryer, undergoes longitudinal tension, do not allow self-regulation of the semi-finished product tension, which sometimes leads to skin tears , reducing its quality.

 Also known is a clip for attaching soft leathers as. USSR 124065, class 28, 7, in which, in order to prevent skin tears during stretching, the gripping mechanism - the gripper is connected to the body by means of a spring installed on the rod, which, compressing, allows the gripper to move away from the body and self-regulates the stretching when drying the skin.

 A clamp is also known for A.S. USSR 140527, class 28 v, 7, which is dependent on the clamp according to A.S. 124065, in contrast to which the connecting spring is equipped with an adjusting nut mounted on the threaded end of the stem, which serves to control the pre-compression of the spring, determined experimentally.

 However, these clamps also do not allow you to control the tension of the semi-finished product, which leads to uneven stresses that reduce the quality of the skin.

 In addition, the adjustment of the pre-compression of the connecting spring is required, which creates unproductive loss of time, reducing productivity.

 The closest in technical essence to the proposed, and therefore the prototype, is a clip for attaching skins to perforated plates on.with. USSR 1671700, class From 14 to 17/08.

 The clamp includes a housing with a leg for attaching the clamp to the plate and a ring for holding the clamp in the hand, a grip for holding the edge of the skin with a rigidly fixed rod having a threaded end with a nut and mounted in the housing with the ability to move along the axis. A connecting spring is installed on the stem to create an interaction force between the grip and the body.

 The clamp has a latch for rigidly connecting the housing and the gripper, made in the form of a pivot arm installed inside the housing in its groove with locking and trigger ends and springs for adjusting the rotation force of the said arm by means of set screws. To use the clamp, you must bring it into position. To do this, the fixing end of the lever is installed in the hole made in the rod, and the trigger end is placed in the groove made in the clamp fixing leg.

 Knowing the value of the shrinkage stresses in the skin material at a relative humidity of 30-35% in the range of 0.5-1.5 kg / cm, the force of pressing the spring on the pivot arm is adjusted, providing resistance to the pivot of the arm within these limits. Next, the nut regulates the interaction force between the grip and the body in accordance with the type of processed leather, determined experimentally. For example, for a goat, this effort should be 1-1.3 kg, for a sprout 3-3.5 kg, for pork chrome 2.5-3 kg.

 Then, the gripping lips clamp the opposite edges of the skin and pull it with a force not exceeding the lever turning force, that is, with a force of 0.5-1.5 kg.

 Fasten the skin by placing the clamp leg in the hole of the perforated plate. The edge of the plate hole interacts with the trigger end of the pivot arm. In this way, all the clips are set.

 When the skin dries on the plate, an increase in shrinkage stresses occurs. When the latter reaches the values equal to the lever rotation force, the edge of the plate hole presses on the trigger end of the lever, turning it. In this case, the locking end of the lever leaves the hole in the rod, freeing the rod for possible movement from the action of the connecting spring or the skin fixed in the grip.

 With further drying of the skin, the resulting skin-spring-loaded gripper system is in a condition of self-regulation. After drying, release the skin and remove the clamps. Before using the clamp again, repeat the cycle to bring the clamp into position.

 From the above it can be seen that the clamp has a rather complicated device, it is not so easy to use, it requires significant time to configure it, which reduces productivity.

 At the same time, this clip, as well as the specified clips on.with. USSR 124065, 140527, has a specific application, which is limited to fastening soft leather to plates to ensure their drying under the condition of self-regulation of skin stretching, and also these clamps do not allow metered tension of the semi-finished product and control the amount of tension during processing.

 The technical result of the proposed technical solution consists in eliminating the noted drawbacks and improving the quality of the dried leathers and the yield of areas by increasing the accuracy of the tension of the leathers, increasing productivity by simplifying the design, expanding the technological capabilities of the clamp.

 The technical result is achieved in that in the clip for attaching the skin to the perforated plates, containing a grip for holding the semi-finished product and a housing with a ring for holding the clip in the hand and a leg for attaching the clip to the perforated plate, having mutually guiding elements and elastically connected to each other by a connecting spring mounted on a fixed rod, the leg is made in the form of a connecting element and a body of a mutually guiding element mounted with the possibility of fixation on the grip and the body, and the rod on This has a pointer and is mounted on the grip, or on the housing and is closed by a lid mounted respectively on the housing or on the grip, while a groove is formed on the cover for the pointer and a spring loading scale is applied. And in addition, the spring loading scale is applied to the longitudinal gripping element or the longitudinal housing element from the rod mounting side, and the indicator is the end face of the closing cover.

 Distinctive features of the proposed technical solution from the prototype is that the leg for attaching the clamp to the plate is made in the form of a mutually guiding element connecting the gripper and the housing mounted with the possibility of fixation on the gripper and the housing, and the rod at the end has a pointer and is mounted on the gripper, or on the housing and is closed by a lid, mounted respectively on the housing, or on the grip, while on the lid a groove is formed for the pointer and a spring loading scale is applied. And in addition, the spring loading scale is applied on the longitudinal gripping element, or on the longitudinal housing element from the rod mounting side, and the indicator is the end face of the closing cover.

 The proposed technical solution is illustrated by drawings, which show the design of the clamp and its operation.

In FIG. 1 - 8 - the first version of the clamp. Figures 9-16 show a second embodiment of a clamp;
FIG. 1 - the first version of the clamp - the main projection. The rod is fixed to the grip. The leg is fixed on the grip and body;
figure 2 - the same plan view;
figure 3 is the same, section aa;
figure 4 is the same, a section bB;
figure 5 - the same position of the parts with the dosed tension of the semi-finished product, the leg is fixed on the grip;
FIG. 6 - the same position of the parts after the dosed tension of the semi-finished product and the installation of the clamp on the perforated plate. The leg is fixed on the grip;
FIG. 7 - the same position of the parts after the dosed tension of the semi-finished product and the installation of the clamp on the plate for drying in the condition of self-regulation. The leg is fixed on the body;
FIG. 8 - the same plan view. The scale is plotted on the longitudinal gripping element, and the indicator is the end face of the lid;
FIG. 9 - 2 clamping option - main projection. The rod is mounted on the body. The leg is fixed on the grip and body;
figure 10 - the same plan view;
11 is the same, section bb;
Fig is the same, section GG;
Fig 13 - the same position of the parts with dosed tension. The leg is fixed on the grip;
FIG. 14 - the same position of the parts after the dosed tension of the semi-finished product and the installation of the clamp on the plate. The leg is fixed on the grip;
Fig - the same position of the parts after a metered tension and installation of the clamp on the plate for drying in the condition of self-regulation. The leg is fixed on the body;
Fig - the same plan view. The scale is plotted on the longitudinal element of the housing, and the indicator is the end face of the cover.

 The clamp comprises a housing 1 with a ring 2 for holding the clamp in the hand and a longitudinal element 3. The gripper for holding the semi-finished product includes a fixed jaw 4, a protruding part 5 with an opening, a swivel jaw 7 with a rotation lever 8 and a spring 9 pivotally mounted on it with an axis 6 interacting with the ends of the rotary jaw, the longitudinal element 10, the leg 11 with a groove for attaching the clamp to the perforated plate, made in the form of a connecting grip and the body of a mutually guiding element, for example, a plate with guide ends, ra placed in the grooves made in the longitudinal elements of the gripper and the housing, and installed with the possibility of fixing in them, for which coaxial holes are made in the gripper, the housing and the plate for mounting the clips 12 and 13. The gripper and the housing are resiliently connected by a spring 14 mounted on the rod 15 which is secured by a pin 16 on the grip (the first version of the clamp) or on the body (the second version of the clamp). At the end of the rod, a pointer 17 and a nut 18 are installed to control the pre-compression of the spring. The rod and spring are closed by a cover 19 having a groove-slot 20 for passage of the pointer, a scale 21 for determining the magnitude of the compression force of the spring when it is deformed, and an end wall 22 with a slot for passage of the rod. The cover is fixed with pins 23 on the longitudinal element 3 of the housing (the first clamping variant) or on the longitudinal gripping element 10 (second clamping variant).

 In addition, the determination of the magnitude of the compression force of the spring during its deformation can be carried out on a scale 24 applied to the longitudinal gripping element (first clamping variant) of FIG. 8, or on the longitudinal element of the body (second clamping variant) of FIG. 16, and the indicator is the end face of the cover 19, that is, the end wall 22. The rod 15 can be made in the form of a flat rod, then the scale 24 can be applied directly to this rod, and the pointer will remain the end face of the cover 19. The figures also show a perforated plate 25 with holes 26, a flat prefabricated 27.

 The proposed design allows to obtain three types of clamps from one clamp, each of which has its own purpose.

 1. The first type is a clamp for coarse uncontrolled tension.

 To do this, the leg 11 is fixed with latches 12 and 13 on the grip and the housing (Fig. 1 and 9). The grip and the body are a single unit, that is, as a well-known monolithic clamp.

 2. The second type is a clamp for a dosed initial-tension controlled by value.

 To do this, the leg 11 is fixed on the grip by the latch 12, removing the latch 13 (Fig. 5 and 13). The grip and the housing are elastically connected by the spring 14 and the stem 15, the nut 18, the cover 19. When the clamped semi-finished product 27 is pulled by force P, the leg 11 remains on the grip, the housing with the ring 2 and the elongated part 3 depart from the grip, the spring 14, located between the wall 22 and nut 18, is compressed, and the cover 19 with a scale 21 and the pointer 17 make relative movement to each other, allowing you to control the tension of the spring and the semi-finished product on the scale and pointer.

 After installing the legs 11 in the hole 26 of the plate 25, the spring 14 returns the housing to its original position, pressing it to the grip (Fig.6 and 14).

 3. The third type is a clamp for a dosed initial-controlled tension, creating the conditions for self-regulation of the tension of the semi-finished product during drying and control of the final tension of the semi-finished product after drying.

 For this, the leg 11 is fixed on the housing by the latch 13, removing the latch 12 (Fig.7 and 15). The grip and the housing are resiliently connected by the spring 14, the stem 15, the nut 18 and the cover 19. When the semi-finished product is tensioned, as in the second type, the grip and the housing and related parts are relatively moved.

 The magnitude of the tension of the spring and the semi-finished product is controlled on a scale of 21 and index 17. Having reached the specified magnitude of the tension, set the leg 11 mounted on the housing into the hole of the plate. At the same time, the gripper with the semi-finished product 27 is in a spring-loaded state, providing a condition of self-regulation of the tension of the semi-finished product during drying. After drying, you can control the value of the final tension of the semi-finished product for each clamp, while obtaining a complete picture of the stresses in different sections of the semi-finished product. This can be used in experimental development of drying processes for semi-finished products from various materials.

 All of the above can be performed by clamps, in which the scale 24 is made on the longitudinal element 10 of the capture (Fig) or on the longitudinal element 3 of the housing (Fig), and the pointer is the end face of the cover 19.

 Compared with the base object, the proposed clip is simple, because it lacks a pressing spring, a rotary lever, adjusting screws, a calibration key, and it is not necessary to bring the clamp into working position before fixing the skin. The clamp has wider technological capabilities, since one clamp can be used for the three above-mentioned purposes and can be used to work with rough and soft semi-finished products. The clamp allows for more accurate and uniform tension of the semi-finished product, which increases the quality of the dried semi-finished products and the output area.

Claims (1)

A clip for tensioning and attaching flat semi-finished products to the perforated plates, comprising a gripper for holding the semi-finished product and a housing with a ring for holding the clip in the hand, elasticly interconnected by a connecting spring mounted on a fixed rod, a leg with a slot for attaching the clip to the perforated plate, characterized in that the leg for fastening the clamp is made in the form of a connecting grip and the body of a mutually guiding element mounted with the possibility of fixation on the grip and the housing, and the connector Single spring loading is provided with a scale allowing to monitor the tension force of the semifinished product, wherein the rod is secured on the housing or on the grip.

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