RU2215238C1 - Furnace to process slag-forming materials - Google Patents

Abstract

FIELD: processing of hard materials and/or their compositions. SUBSTANCE: invention refers to processing of hard industrial waste and household garbage, lean ores, substandard coal, slime of sewage purification works and can find use in public utilities, power engineering, metallurgy, mining industry. Furnace includes arch, hearth, aid to output melting products, at least two gas-lifting chambers. Each chamber is formed by tuyere wall and separation partition with opening in lower part anchored with butts on tuyere wall and comes in the form of module with aid to output melting products. It also has loading chamber formed by U-shaped separation partitions included as part of at least two gas-lifting chambers. Above-mentioned partitions are placed in parallel and area of loading chamber exceeds area of at least one gas-lifting chamber adjoining it. EFFECT: raised operational efficiency while processing various slag-forming materials. 3 cl, 3 dwg

Description

 The invention relates to the field of processing solid materials and / or their compositions, namely solid industrial and household waste, poor ores, substandard coal, sludge from sewage treatment plants capable of forming slags after high-temperature treatment as a result of an exothermic reaction, suitable for gas-lift circulation inside the used furnaces, and can be used in housing and communal services, energy, metallurgy, mining, etc.

 In the future, the term "slag-forming materials" will characterize a group of materials containing, not exclusively, ore materials, sludges, slags, high-ash coals, shales, wood and its products, oil and products of its processing, gaseous fuels, plastics, scrap metal, contents " tailings "enrichment enterprises, raw materials of the metallurgical and other processing industries, industrial and domestic solid and liquid waste, etc., capable of heat treatment in the presence of oxygen-containing gas and, if necessary, in the presence of other flammable materials to form a melt, comprising mineral oxidation products, residues of combustible materials, the impurities reduced metals, etc., after curing representing kamnevidnoe or vitreous.

 Known furnace for the continuous melting of materials supplied to a previously created melt (RU, patent 2008010 F 27 In 1/00, 1992). The known furnace contains a coffered shaft furnace with tuyeres, a melting chamber divided by a partition fixed on the end walls to a bubbling and loading chamber. Moreover, the area ratio of these cameras is at least 0.2.

 Known furnace operates as follows. Matte and slag are poured into the heated smelting chamber, then sulfide raw materials and fluxes are fed through the tuyeres to the bubbler loading zone. As a result of the blast, a gas-lift effect occurs, causing the melt to circulate between the bubbled and loading zones of the melting chamber. In this case, the slag melt is poured into the non-sparged zone and, capturing the raw materials and fluxes, returns under the tuyeres, where it is processed by blasting.

 A disadvantage of the known furnace should be recognized as the absence of a high-speed downward loading zone, which supplies the feed material to the tuyere zone, in which the redox treatment of the feed material occurs, which narrows the possibilities of processing various materials. In addition, the absence of a gas separation chamber limits the blowing load in the bubble zone, and consequently, the productivity of the furnace.

 The closest analogue of the proposed furnace design can be recognized as a furnace for processing materials in a liquid bath (RU, patent 2140615 F 27 In 1/00, 1998). The known furnace contains a arch, a bottom, at least one gas-lift chamber formed by a coffered tuyere wall and a dividing wall containing an opening and fixed with ends on the tuyere wall, a melting chamber with a loading hole, a gas duct and a device for unloading the melt, all gas-lift chambers in the form of separate modules with means for issuing melting products.

 Known furnace operates as follows. Slag melt is poured into the heated melting chamber to a level that ensures the circulation of the melt around the dividing wall. At the same time, blowing starts through the tuyeres. Recyclable material begins to be fed through the feed opening. As a result of the gas-lift effect, excited by the blast, slag melt circulates around the separation wall with the simultaneous oxidative, redox, or reduction process (depending on the raw materials used) of the processing of the loaded material under the influence of blast.

 A disadvantage of the known furnace should be recognized as low productivity due to the disadvantages of its design.

 The technical problem solved by the proposed design is to develop a furnace for processing various slag-forming materials with increased productivity.

 The technical result obtained by the implementation of the proposed design is to enable the processing of various slag-forming materials with high productivity.

 To achieve the specified technical result, it is proposed to use a furnace for processing slag-forming waste containing a roof, a bottom, at least two gas-lift chambers, each of which is formed by a tuyere wall and a dividing wall with an opening in the lower part, fixed with ends on the tuyere wall and made in the form a module with means for dispensing melting products, the furnace further comprising a loading chamber formed by said U-shaped dividing partitions included in becoming at least two gas-lift chambers, the U-shaped dividing walls forming the loading chamber installed in parallel, and the area of the specified loading chamber exceeds at least the area of one of the adjacent gas lift chambers.

 In a preferred embodiment, the area of said loading chamber is greater than the area of both adjacent gas lift chambers. The furnace may contain more than one pair of gas lift chambers, the separation walls of which form the specified loading chamber. And in this embodiment, preferably, the area of said loading chamber exceeds the area of all gas lift chambers adjacent to it.

 The execution of the walls of the loading chamber from the U-shaped dividing partitions, which are part of at least two gas-lift chambers, when the condition is met: the area of the specified loading chamber exceeds at least the area of one of the gas-lift chambers adjacent to it - it allows you to maintain speed the descending part of the melt stream in the loading chamber, providing input of the processed material into the tuyere zone and its involvement in the oxidation, oxidation-reduction or reduction process (in depending on the raw materials used) processing of the loaded material under the action of blasting, since the parallel arrangement of the partitions provides an almost rectilinear trajectory of the particles of the processed raw materials. This leads to increased productivity of the furnace due to the absence of delays in raw materials before processing.

 The basic version of the proposed design is illustrated in the graphic material, where Fig. 1 shows a longitudinal section of the proposed furnace design along the loading chamber, in Fig. 2 is a horizontal section, in Fig. 3 is a transverse section. The following structural elements are shown in the drawings: arch 1, hearth 2, gas lift module 3, tuyere wall 4 with tuyeres 5 and dividing wall 6, gas separation chamber 7, loading chamber 8 with loading devices 9, gas duct 10 with a sliding device 11, siphon 12 for release of liquid slag - smelting products, holes 13.

 The furnace of the proposed design works as follows.

 On a preheated furnace, the slide device 11 is lifted in the gas duct 10, blast is fed through the tuyeres 5, at the same time the melt of slag is poured into the furnace volume, between the arch 1 and the bottom 2, to a level that ensures its circulation around the partition walls 6 through the openings in them. After the start of circulation of the slag melt through gas-lift chambers 3 with a tuyere wall 4, around the partition walls 6 under the influence of the gas-lift effect, processed slag-forming materials and, if necessary, combustible materials are fed through the charging devices 9 to the loading chamber 8. Getting into the circulating slag melt, processed slag-forming materials under the influence of blast and high temperature of the slag melt go into the slag melt, while circulating together with the existing slag melt around the partitions. Excess slag melt resulting from the processing of processed materials is removed through a siphon 12. The molten metal formed during processing is periodically drained through a hole 13, which also serves to completely remove slag melt from the furnace volume if the furnace is to be stopped. Gases are removed from the furnace volume through the gas separation chamber 7 and the gas duct 10. The gate device 11 is also used to disconnect the gas duct 10 from the heat recovery device, if used together with the furnace, when the furnace is stopped.

 Below are examples of the processing of slag-forming materials using a pre-launched furnace of the above design.

 The contents of the slag dumps of boiler plants for solid fuels, mixed with high-ash coal in a ratio of 10: 1, are fed through the loading holes into the loading chamber, where the mixture first flows to the surface of the slag melt, and then to the slag melt volume, while the coal ignites with the generation of molten slag and heat. Under the action of the gas-lift effect of an oxygen-containing blast, the slag melt together with the processed materials circulates around the separation walls of the gas-lift chambers. For one revolution of circulation, the processed materials pass into the slag melt and are removed through a siphon. The gases leaving the flue are used to generate electricity or for heating.

 Sulphide copper ore dressing waste from the tailings of the processing plant together with coal dust (at a ratio of 5: 1) and by-products of oil processing (pitch and azeotropic distillation fractions) are fed into the loading chamber through loading holes. The processing process is similar to the previous examples. The resulting excess slag melt is removed through a siphon, and the resulting metal is removed from the furnace through a hole.

 Municipal solid waste is loaded into the furnace volume together with fuel oil necessary to obtain the amount of heat required for processing solid waste into slag. Exhaust gases can be used to evaporate household liquid waste.

 The use of an additionally introduced loading chamber formed by U-shaped dividing walls that are part of at least two gas lift chambers, subject to the condition: the area of the specified loading chamber exceeds at least the area of one of the gas lift chambers adjacent to it - allows increase furnace productivity. The productivity of the furnace can also be improved with the introduction of additional pairs of gas-lift chambers, increasing the area of the loading chamber.

Claims (4)

 1. The furnace for processing slag-forming materials containing a arch, hearth, means for issuing melting products, at least two gas-lift chambers, each of which is formed by a tuyere wall and a dividing wall with an opening in the lower part, fixed with ends on the tuyere wall, and made in the form of a module, and a loading chamber formed by U-shaped dividing walls that are part of at least two gas-lift chambers, characterized in that the U-shaped dividing walls, forming behind the load chamber is installed in parallel, and the area of the specified loading chamber exceeds at least the area of one of the gas-lift chambers adjacent to it.  2. The furnace according to claim 1, characterized in that the area of said loading chamber exceeds the area of both gas-lifting chambers adjacent to it.  3. The furnace according to claim 1 or 2, characterized in that it contains more than one pair of gas lift chambers, the separation walls of which form the specified loading chamber.  4. The furnace according to claim 3, characterized in that the area of said loading chamber exceeds the area of all gas-lifting chambers adjacent to it.

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