RU2214373C1 - Multi-layer fire-resistant translucent material - Google Patents

Abstract

FIELD: fire-resistant multi-layer materials on base of soda-lime glass plates and organic and inorganic films; glazing apertures for fire protection. SUBSTANCE: proposed material includes two outer glass sheets whose surface is covered with film and at least two inner glass sheets whose surface directed towards air space is covered with film; inner sheets are located in parallel relative to outer ones forming air space; they are secured by means of distant frame; surface of outer glass sheets is covered on outer side with low-emission adhesive heat-reflecting film on polyethyleneterephthalic base; surface of inner sheets is covered with colorless adhesive film on polyethyleneterephthalic base or inorganic film made from compound of the following composition, %:sodium silicate hydrate, 13-19;ethyl alcohol, 1-3; glycerin, 0.5-1.2; copper sulfate hydrate, 0.5-1.5; potassium alum, 3-4; wetting agent, 0.1- 0.2; distilled water, up to 100. Said frame is made from thermoexpansible graphite; material thus obtained is symmetrical. Surfaces of inner glass sheets directed towards one air space are covered with similar film. It is preferably to have six inner glass sheets. EFFECT: enhanced efficiency; high transparency. 3 cl, 5 dwg

Description

 The invention relates to fire-resistant multilayer materials based on silicate glass plates and organic and inorganic films and can be used for glazing light openings for fire-fighting purposes.

Known multilayer thermostable material obtained by packaging glass sheets with an adhesive layer and an intermediate layer of thermoplastic material, cold and hot vacuum, pressing the bag and heat treatment, while before evacuating the bag is cooled to 0-10 ^o C and incubated for 30-60 minutes Thermostability of the obtained material at 80 ^o C for 134-200 hours (USSR Patent 804589 of 02.28.1979, class C 03 C 27/12, publ. 02.15.81, Bull. 6). The disadvantage of the described material is the complexity of the manufacturing technology, as well as insufficient thermal stability.

 Also known is a multilayer fire-resistant material containing at least two outer sheets of glass arranged in parallel and fixed with a spacer element at a distance from each other with the formation of an intermediate air space containing additional sheets of glass located at a distance from each other and from both the outer sheets of glass, as well as layers of hydrated metal silicate, located on the surfaces of the outer sheets facing towards the intermediate air space with flowed and at least on one of the surfaces of each of the additional sheets of glass. The spacer element is made with at least one compensating slot communicating its cavity with the surrounding atmosphere and / or the intermediate air space through a layer of hardening mastic. Additional sheets of glass are fixed in the intermediate airspace by means of a plastic-elastic material (USSR Author's Certificate 1516468, class C 03 C 23/24, dated June 08, 87, published on October 23, 89, Bull. 39, prototype). The disadvantage of this multilayer material is the complexity of the manufacturing process, as well as insufficient fire resistance.

 The aim of this invention is to increase the fire resistance and transparency of a multilayer fire-resistant material with high transparency up to the moment of fire in the immediate vicinity of the material.

The specified technical result is achieved in that in a multilayer fire-resistant translucent material containing two outer sheets of glass, the surface of which is covered with a film, and at least two inner sheets of glass, the surface of which is facing toward the air space, is covered with a film located parallel to the outer sheets and to each other with the formation of air space and fixed to each other by means of a distance frame, the surface of the outer sheets of glass on the outside is covered with neither koemissionnoy adhesive heat reflecting film on the polyethylene terephthalate base, and said inner surface of the glass sheets covered with a colorless adhesive film based on polyethylene terephthalate or inorganic film from the composition, in%:
Sodium Hydrate Hydrate - 13-19
Ethyl alcohol - 1-3
Glycerin - 0.5-1.2
Copper sulphate hydrate - 0.5-1.5
Aluminum-potassium alum - 3-4
Wetting agent - 0.1-0.2
Distilled water - Up to 100
while this frame is made of thermally expanding graphite, and the resulting material is symmetrical.

 In this case, it is desirable to cover the surface of the inner sheets of glass facing one air space with the same film.

 Preferably, the material contains six inner sheets of glass.

The proposed material has high fire resistance - fire resistance 15Ei-60Ei, has high transparency up to the moment of fire in the immediate vicinity of the material, losing transparency when heated above 140-200 ^o C.

 The material consists of 4-8 (see Figs. 1-5) parallel flat glass sheets connected along the contour using spacer frames - spacer frames and sealing materials so that hermetically closed interlayers filled with dehydrated air or inert gases are formed between them . As a distance frame around the perimeter of each chamber, industrially produced thermally expanding graphite (penografite) is used, obtained by thermal degradation of intercalated graphite compounds (Ograks grade M according to TU 5728-005-13267785-99). When heated, the material forms a non-combustible heat-insulating foam of black color, and its volume increases by 3000%. Foam fills the air chambers and serves as additional thermal insulation, protecting the edges of the product from burnout and falling out of the frame.

For the manufacture of the material, two types of sheet silicate glass with a thickness of 4 mm are used:
- sheet glass of the brand M 1 and GOST 111-90,
- tempered glass sheets according to GOST 30733.

 Figure 1 shows the proposed multilayer fire-resistant material.

 The material contains two outer sheets of glass 1 located parallel to the formation of air space, and also inner sheets of glass 2 arranged parallel to the outer sheets of glass in the intermediate space, the number of which can be from 2 to 6 sheets. The assembly of multilayer fire-resistant material is carried out manually on an assembly table with an ambient humidity of not more than 55%.

After washing, a self-adhesive low-emission film on a polyethylene terephthalate (PET) base 3 with an emission coefficient of 0.31-0.32 and a thickness of 56-380 microns, industrially produced under the brands of "LLumar", "Solar Guard", is applied to the outer surfaces of the outer sheets of glass 1, "Hanita" et al. This film provides a reflection side hearth fire for at least 70% of low-grade infrared radiation with a wavelength of 5000 to 50000 nm and remains operational until the temperature rise on the unexposed side to 320-360 ^o C, at the same time giving the glass b zoskolochnye properties. In the event of a fire, the film on the heated side burns out completely in 5-6 minutes, which eliminates the transformation of the material into a "heat accumulator". Until now, it was the “heat accumulator" effect that excluded the possibility of using silicate glasses with a low-emission pyrolytic coating for symmetric fire-resistant materials. The adhesive system of films is made on the basis of polybutyl acrylate. The clearance between the spacer and the cover should not exceed 3 mm. At the same time, the set time of maximum adhesion of the film to glass at room temperature is 3 days.

A colorless self-adhesive film on a polyethylene terephthalate base 6 (brands “LLumar”, “Solar Guard”, “Hanita”, etc.) or a liquid composition forming an inorganic film 4 on the surface of the inner sheets of glass facing the airspace is applied. The composition of the inorganic coating has the following composition, in%:
Sodium Hydrate Hydrate - 13-19
Ethyl alcohol - 1-3
Glycerin - 0.5-1.2
Copper sulphate hydrate - 0.5-1.5
Aluminum-potassium alum - 3-4
Wetting agent - 0.1-0.2
Distilled water - Up to 100
The following compounds can be used as a wetting agent in the composition for inorganic coating: disodium salt of [M-γ-decyloxypropyl-N-β-carboxysulfopropionium] aspartic acid diethyl ester (CB-1147), sodium salt of di-2-ethylhexyl sulfonosuccinic acid (SV-102), dicalium salt of diester of a mixture of polyglycerides of alkenyl succinic acids (SV-133), sodium salt of di-2-ethylhexyltetraethylene glycol ether of sulfosuccinic acid (SV-1129), sodium salt of dingexyl ether of sulfosuccinic acid (SV-1017).

The thickness of the resulting inorganic coating is 100-300 microns. When the material is heated to 120 ^o C, the coating forms an inorganic foam with high heat-insulating ability and low light transmission, and colorless film 6 gives the glass shatterproof properties and preserves the continuity of the barrier for a given period of time. Self-adhesive films (brands “LLumar”, “Solar Guard”, “Hanita”, etc.) used in this material are made on the basis of impact-resistant polyethylene terephthalate of molecular weight 20000-31000. All films are biaxially oriented, thermorelaxed and thermofixed. Glasses with dried layers are assembled so that the material is symmetrical (see FIGS. 2-5). The sealing of the edges of the material is carried out by a roller press. The finished product is installed in a fireproof frame.

 The fire resistance of translucent multilayer materials is evaluated in accordance with GOST 30247.0 and GOST 30247.1. The essence of the method is to determine the time from the onset of unilateral heat exposure to the occurrence of one or several successive limiting states of translucent materials for fire resistance. During the test, the time of the onset of fracture of the sample and its parts is recorded.

 There are two types of limiting states of translucent material in terms of fire resistance: loss of integrity (E), loss of heat-insulating ability (i).

 The designation of the fire resistance of the material consists of the symbols for the normalized limit states and a figure corresponding to the time to reach one of these states in minutes. So E 30 - fire resistance limit of 30 minutes - by loss of integrity, Ei 15 - fire resistance limit of 15 minutes - by loss of integrity and loss of heat-insulating ability, regardless of which of the 2 conditions occurred earlier.

Presented on Fig.1-5 possible options for materials have the following fire resistance values:
figure 1 - 60 Ei
figure 2 - 15 Ei
figure 3 - 30 Ei
figure 4 - 30 Ei
5 to 45 Ei.

Claims (3)

1. A laminated fire-resistant translucent material containing two outer sheets of glass, the surface of which is covered with a film, and at least two inner sheets of glass, the surface of which, facing the airspace, is covered with a film located parallel to the outer sheets of glass and to each other with the formation of air space and fixed among themselves by means of a distance frame, characterized in that the surface of the outer sheets of glass on the outside is coated with low-emission self-adhesive heat-reflecting film on a polyethylene terephthalate base, the indicated surface of the inner sheets of glass is coated with a colorless self-adhesive film on a polyethylene terephthalate base or inorganic film from the composition composition, in%:
Sodium Hydrate Hydrate - 13-19
Ethyl alcohol - 1-3
Glycerin - 0.5-1.2
Copper sulphate hydrate - 0.5-1.5
Aluminum-potassium alum - 3-4
Wetting agent - 0.1-0.2
Distilled water - Up to 100
wherein said frame is made of thermally expanding graphite, and the resulting material is symmetrical.  2. The material according to claim 1, characterized in that the surface of the inner sheets of glass facing one air space is covered with the same film.  3. The material according to claim 1, characterized in that it contains six inner sheets of glass.

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