JPS6336107Y2 - - Google Patents

Description

DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION The present invention relates to a laminated light transmissive fire shielding panel having one or more layers of foamable material.

Light-transmitting panels are often used in building construction, for example as interior walls to create partitions, and these partitions are often required to meet certain standards for fire resistance. For example, if a panel is exposed to a certain temperature cycle for a certain period of time, it will not break down and retain its strength, it will be completely flame retardant, it will act as an infrared shielding barrier, the side far from the heat source will It is desirable that the temperature not be high enough to cause severe burns to those who come into contact with it.

Obviously, ordinary glass sheets will not meet these requirements at any time, and therefore laminated panels, in which a layer of intumescent material is sandwiched between two sheets of glass, have been developed. It is proposed to use Such panels are made by depositing a layer of foamable material on a first glass sheet, drying this layer, and adhering the layer to a second glass sheet with a layer of plastic material such as polyvinyl butyral. This meets the above requirements even when exposed to flame for a fairly long time.
Although it was very useful in that sense, panels made using this method had certain drawbacks.

If such fire shielding panels are held in a normal flame channel, the lip of such channel will of course protrude over a portion of the panel surface, thus creating a significant thermal gradient in the shielded portion of the panel in the event of a flame outbreak, causing The panel is easily destroyed by the heat shock. Two proposals have been made to reduce this thermal shock. The first is to reduce thermal gradients by extending the lip of the frame over the wider edge of the panel. A second proposal is to place the panel on one side toward the general frame lip and hold the panel in place with a number of spacing tongues on the second side. This second proposal suggests that the fire should be the second part of the panel.
When heating occurs on the surface side, substantially uniform heating can be obtained, which is sufficient. However, both of these proposals have the disadvantage that they do not allow for an increase in the thickness of the panel during foaming of the sandwiched material. In fact, the thickness of the foam layer increases by a factor of 10 or more when exposed to flame. In a typical practical example, a 2.5 mm thick foam layer can be sandwiched between two glass sheets each 4 mm thick to produce a 10.5 mm thick panel before flame exposure; Expands to a thickness of 33mm. Obviously such expansion imposes significant strain on the frame and also on the component lamination of the panels.

The present invention aims to reduce or eliminate this drawback.

Broadly speaking, the invention thus includes one or more layers of foamed material sandwiched between the outer layers of the panel, the or at least one such layer being at least A laminated light transmissive fire shielding panel is provided which occupies an area less than the area of at least one of the outer layers to define a notch extending along a portion of the edge of the panel.

The notched panels described above have one or more members extending around the panel and can be easily mounted in a frame having elements for engaging the notches. thus,
They can allow relatively free movement of the outer layers of the panel during foaming of the sander-chipped material, and such a frame can protect the entire panel when exposed to fire, regardless of whether a fire occurs on either side of the panel. This enables uniform heating.

the panel is mounted in a frame member;
This engages the notches and holds the panels together to allow free movement of the outer layers during foaming of the foamable material layer or layers between the outer layers.

Alternatively, such incisions also serve to locate panel edge protectors which serve to protect the panel edges from damage at least during shipping. Such edge protectors may be provided in a suitable form, for example incorporated into a conventional frame channel and permanently attached to the panel and forming part of the frame.

In certain embodiments of the invention, the edge notch applies the foamable material to cover substantially the entire area of the first outer layer and connects this layer to the second outer layer with the foamable material therebetween. a second outer layer having a larger area than the first, the first layer and a protruding lip created by the edge of the foam material and the periphery of the second layer to form at least one incision; The edge notch is made in such a manner that the edge notch is defined. In such embodiments, the second outer layer is preferably clamped to the conventional channel frame component.

However, in the most preferred embodiment of the invention, the incisions are configured as grooves made in the thickness of the foam material. In such embodiments, it is preferred that the frame has a tongue that fits into the groove.

Additionally or alternatively, such incisions may be used to accommodate sealing means to prevent the foamable material from coming into contact with the atmosphere.

Preferably, said tongue is glued into this groove, so that the foamed material can be sealed off from the atmosphere without further sealing means. Adhesives based on neoprene, polyurethane or polysulfide are preferred.

Preferably, said sealing means are selected to seal the panel against the frame when the material flows and foams under the influence of heat from a fire outbreak.

Advantageously, said tongue is selected such that it expands under the influence of heat due to a fire outbreak and seals the panel against the frame when the sandwiched material foams.

The frame itself should be of fireproof material. For example, the frame member(s) may be made of ceramic, flame retardant plastic material, concrete, metal or wood treated to be fire retardant. It is particularly preferred that this frame member is made of a foamed material, such as hydrated sodium silicate. Such foamed materials should optionally be coated to protect them from the atmosphere, and the frame members may contain some type of reinforcement, such as fibers, such as glass fibers or a net of metal threads held within the matrix of the foamed material. You can do as you like. One such material is a hydrated sodium silicate body coated with an epoxy resin, commercially available from Badissier Aniline und Soder Fabrik Aktiengesellschaft under the trademark Parsol.

Embodiments of the invention in which the frame is made of a foam material such as those described above have the advantage that when exposed to fire, the frame expands with the expansion of the panel and maintains support for the panel.

Grooves in the thickness of the foam material can be created in a variety of ways. For example, such a material can be applied to the outer layer from the beginning, leaving uncovered areas around it. Alternatively, such grooves can be created by first spreading the material over the entire area of the panel and melting away the periphery. Alternatively, at least a portion of the periphery of the panel may be mechanically cut away to provide a groove, removing at least a portion of the thickness of the sanderchuched foam material in the periphery of the panel.

Advantageously, at least one, preferably both, outer layers are vitreous sheets.

The term "vitreous" refers to products made from glass or crystalline glass materials. Crystalline glass materials can be made by subjecting glass to a heat treatment to create one or more crystalline phases therein.

Advantageously, the effervescent material comprises a hydrated metal salt. Examples of metal salts which can be used in hydrated form include:

Aluminates e.g. sodium or potassium aluminates, leadates e.g. sodium or potassium leadate, stannates e.g. sodium or potassium stannate, alum e.g. sodium aluminum sulfate or potassium aluminum sulfate borates e.g. sodium borate phosphates e.g. Sodium Orthophosphate, Potassium Orthophosphate, and Aluminum Phosphate Hydrated alkali metal silicates, such as sodium silicates, are particularly suitable for use in the foamable material layer.

These materials have extremely good properties for their intended purpose. They can often produce transparent layers that adhere well to glass or crystalline glass materials. When heated sufficiently, the bound water boils and the layer foams, thus converting the hydrated metal salt into a cellular, opaque solid porous mass that is highly insulating yet adheres to the glass or crystalline glass material. are doing.

This feature is particularly important. This is because even if the structural layers of the panel are cracked or destroyed by heat shock, the fragments of these outer layers remain bonded to each other in place by the converted metal salts, making the panel resistant to heat and smoke. This is because it can maintain its effectiveness as a barrier against.

In some embodiments, a translucent hydrated metal salt layer is used. However, it is preferred that the hydrated metal salt form a transparent solid layer at ambient temperature. Sodium silicates, sodium aluminum sulfates and aluminum phosphates can create transparent layers. Preferably the total amount of intumescent material applied is between 0.1 mm and 8 mm in the final panel, preferably 0.1
The amount is such that a layer with a thickness of mm to 3 mm is formed, and the thickness of such a layer is, for example, 0.8 to 1.0 mm. This layer thickness has been found to be a good compromise between cost, light transmission before flame exposure, and fire resistance.

The or each of the vitreous layers assembled into the panel may be reinforced, for example chemically strengthened.

It has been found that vitreous sheets deteriorate to varying degrees when brought into prolonged contact with various foamable materials such as hydrated metal salts. This is particularly important in the case of transparent or colored sheets. This is because transparency may be lost or the color may change.

Advantageously, therefore, a protective layer is formed on at least one, preferably each vitreous layer surface before the foamable material is applied, which protective layer is designed to prevent interaction of the foamable material with such layer surfaces. consists of substances selected for

In certain preferred embodiments, the protective layer comprises a sheet of substantially water-impermeable plastic material. Polyvinyl butyral is particularly suitable for making the 0.76 mm thick plastic protective layer, although any other film-forming plastic material having the desired properties may be used. In certain embodiments of the invention, the plastic protective layer comprises an in-situ polymerized plastic material, such as polyurethane.

In another preferred embodiment of the invention, at least one such protective layer is provided consisting of a coating applied to the vitreous sheet to be protected. Preferably, such a protective coating comprises an anhydrous metal compound deposited on one or more layers. This is because such a coating can create a very effective protective layer.

Preferably, the anhydrous metal compound is deposited hydrolytically. This is because this method is convenient in practice. Another highly advantageous method of depositing anhydrous metal compounds is pyrolysis.

Preferably, this protective layer is 100 to 1000 angstroms thick and provides a non-porous coating without producing any noticeable interference effects.

Obviously, one of the criteria in selecting a suitable coating material is the composition of the foamable material. For example, if the foamable material is sodium aluminum sulfate,
In the case of a hydrated metal salt selected from aluminum phosphate and alkali metal silicates, the anhydrous metal compound is preferably selected from zirconium oxide and anhydrous aluminum phosphate.

Surprisingly, depositing a protective coating of anhydrous aluminum phosphate on the vitreous sheet serves to substantially prevent interaction of the vitreous sheet with the adjacent hydrated aluminum phosphate layer.

The present invention does not exclude the use of other substances. For example, if the foamable material consists of hydrated aluminum phosphate, titanium oxide and tin oxide are also very suitable coating materials. Alternatively, or in addition to the above, coatings with other properties can be applied to the vitreous sheets of the panel. For example, infrared reflective coatings of precious metals, copper, aluminum or oxides can be applied, which has the advantage that the foam material absorbs infrared radiation and prevents the foam material from becoming opaque or blistering before a fire occurs. There is. Furthermore,
The use of such infrared reflective coatings increases the time it takes for the layer to foam in the event of a fire, which in turn increases the time it takes to provide protection.

Another method of providing long-term protection is to construct a panel using two layers of foam material separated by a liquid-impermeable membrane. When such a panel is exposed to a fire, the foam layer closest to the fire will foam, but the other layer will remain unchanged by the heat until foaming of the first layer has substantially ceased. Said membrane can be made of polyvinyl butyral, which joins said layers together. Polyvinyl butyral films are also used to bond monolayers to glassy sheets.

Preferably the groove depth is at least 2 mm.
This will help the panel and frame adhere better.
The depth of the groove may be between 4 mm and 10 mm, for example approximately 6 mm.

Said cuts can be made here and there, but are preferably made continuously around the panel.

The present invention will be explained below by way of examples with reference to the accompanying drawings.

Example 1 A fire shielding panel was made as shown in FIGS. 1 and 3. Each of these panels has a thickness of 3
It consists of two glass sheets 1 and 2 with a thickness of 2.5 mm and a foamable material layer 3 having a thickness of 2.5 mm has been applied to the first sheet.

To make layer 3, hydrated sodium aluminum sulfate was applied in an aqueous solution.

This solution was applied at 20° C. to the surface of the first glass sheet while keeping it substantially horizontal. The solution was spread over the entire surface of the sheet, and a fan was used to apply a stream of heated air to the sheet to dry it. Once the layer was dry, it was adhered to a second glass sheet 2.

In order to obtain a panel that meets the requirements of the present invention, grooves 4 were cut along the periphery of the panel. This is done prior to applying the foam material.
This was achieved by placing the first sheet 1 on top of the first sheet 1. This mask occupied the peripheral area of the sheet, which determined the depth of the grooves 4 in the final panel. In another method, the foamable material is applied over the entire first sheet 1, creating the ends as shown in Figure 5, and removing the hydrated sodium aluminum sulfate in the peripheral areas, as shown in Figure 6. This is done by cutting grooves at the edges in the same way as creating grooves 4 around the panel.

In this modified method, a hydrated sodium aluminum sulfate layer was applied to the entire surface of the first sheet and dried as described above, and the coated sheet was then placed in a water bath. The second sheet was then slid into alignment and the panel thus assembled was left in the bath for a sufficient period of time to allow the peripheral areas of the sanderch layer to dissolve and form the grooves 4 as shown in FIG.

In yet another modification, a 500 angstrom thick protective coating of anhydrous aluminum phosphate was applied to the surface of each glass sheet that was to become the interior of the panel to prevent direct contact with the intumescent material.

Such a coating can be made as follows. An alcoholic solution containing 1 mole of anhydrous aluminum trichloride and 1 mole of phosphoric anhydride is prepared. Apply this to the top of a horizontally placed glass sheet and spread it over the entire surface to create a uniform coating. These sheets are dried and placed in an oven heated to 400°C. This results in a strongly adherent coating of anhydrous aluminum phosphate.

As can be seen in Figure 1, the grooves 4 along the edges of the panel are filled with a sealant 6 which also serves to seal the panel to a frame, a portion of which is shown at 7. The sealant 6 can be a neoprene-based adhesive.

If a fire occurs on one side of the panel shown in FIG. 1, the sanderch layer will foam and the sealing material 6 will soften. The pressure built up between the glass sheets causes them to move apart from each other, and the foam material of layer 3 is pushed outward around the edges of the panel, displacing the sealant 6 in the grooves 4 and causing the glass sheets to move away from each other. Create a raised barrier extending up to frame 7.

In a modification of this example, the frame member 7 is provided with tongues which serve as grooves 4 to keep the panel in place.
is glued inside.

Example 2 A fire shielding panel was made as shown in FIGS. 2 and 3. A foam layer 3 of hydrated aluminum phosphate was applied to a glass sheet 1 to a thickness of 5 mm. This sheet was placed horizontally, and a mask frame 5 was placed so as to occupy the peripheral area of this sheet (FIG. 3), so as to define the notch 4. Hydrated aluminum chloride (Alcl ₃ 6H ₂ O) and phosphoric acid (H ₃ PO ₄ ) are mixed to form a 3.5 molar aqueous solution of hydrated aluminum phosphate, which is poured onto a horizontal sheet and heated with heated air. was sent to dry.

A second sheet 8 was then assembled and adhered to the layer 3 provided on the first sheet 1. As can be seen in Figure 2, this sheet 8 had substantially the same area as layer 3, so that there were no grooves, but notches 4 were obtained along the edges of the panel. This specific example is the first
The glass sheet 1 is placed in a normal type frame, i.e. L
- It has the advantage of being able to be fastened to objects with a cross section 9 and a retaining strip 10. The second sheet 8 is sealed to this L-shaped frame using a heat-flowable sealing material body 11.

When a panel according to this embodiment is exposed to fire, the first glass sheet 1 remains fixed to the frame 9, 10, but in the form of the frame as described above, the foaming of the sanderch material causes a second glass sheet 8 is free to move away from the first sheet.

In order to reduce the effect of heat shock at the edges of the first sheet 1 in the event of a fire on the first sheet side of the panel, the retaining strip 10 can be made of a thermally conductive material, for example a metal such as aluminium. Alternatively, the strip could be replaced by a series of short, spaced retaining members.
No such precautions are necessary to protect against heat shock from a fire occurring on the opposite side of the panel. This is because the insulation provided to the edges of the first sheet 1 by the L-section member 9 is very well balanced by the insulation provided by the second sheet 8 and the sanderch layer.

In one modification of this example, one side of each sheet was provided with a 400 angstrom protective coating of tin oxide by well known hydrolysis techniques.

Example 3 A fireproof shielding panel according to the present invention was made according to FIGS. 3 and 6. In Figure 6, two glass sheets 1 and 2 are each 4 mm thick and are provided with a 2.5 mm thick hydrated sodium silicate layer, and these hydrated sodium silicate layers are glued together to form a 5 mm thick layer 3. I made it.

To make layer 3, hydrated sodium silicate was applied to each sheet using an aqueous solution with the following properties SiO ₂ :Na ₂ O weight ratio 3.4 viscosity 0.2 poise specific gravity 37°-40° Baumé. This solution was applied to the surface of each sheet placed horizontally at 20°C and spread over the entire sheet. Each layer was then dried with air at 35° C. and 50% relative humidity. This drying has the effect of removing excess unbound water from the solution, leaving a layer of hydrated sodium silicate on each glass sheet. After creating a layer of hydrated sodium silicate on each sheet, the sheets were joined together so that the grooves 4 extended around the assembled panel.

Panels made in this way can be placed in frames very easily and are also very advantageous in case of fire. It should be noted that in the event of a fire, the hydrated sodium silicate layer 3 foams and is transformed into an opaque, porous, anhydrous mass.

This panel has a high degree of mechanical stability during and after foaming of the sanderch layer.

In one modification of the embodiment shown in FIG. 6, panels were made using glass sheets 1, 2 that had been chemically strengthened to diffuse ions from the coupling medium into the glass. This chemical strengthening consisted of replacing sodium ions from the treated sheet surface layer with potassium ions from a contact medium consisting of a molten potassium nitrate bath maintained at 470°C. In terms of thermal insulation, mechanical stability and effectiveness as a flame and smoke barrier, the results with this panel were similar to those with the fire shielding panels described above. However, it was more resistant to heat shock during the first few minutes of a fire than the panels described above.

In a second modification, for use when the risk of fire on one side of the partition is very low, the glass sheet 1, which is to be oriented towards the side with less risk of fire, is replaced by a sheet of plastic material. In this case as well, the same results as above can be obtained in terms of fire protection.

In a third modification, a fire shielding panel was made similar to that described at the beginning of this example. However, the thickness of the hydrated sodium silicate layer was 2.5 mm and 0.2 mm, respectively. From the standpoint of fire protection,
This panel was somewhat less effective than the above panel. However, this panel had the advantage of good transparency.

In yet another embodiment, the water stream is directed toward the edges of the laminate to further dislodge the foam material layer in the peripheral area of the panel. This enlarged groove can be filled with a sealing compound, such as a neoprene-based adhesive, to protect the foam material from deterioration due to contact with the atmosphere, and this adhesive also holds the frame components within the groove. is also helpful.

EXAMPLE 4 FIG. 4 shows details of a panel of the invention consisting of two vitreous sheets 1, 2 with a layer 3 of foam material sandwiched between them.
The frame component, generally designated 12, includes a tongue 1
3, which is glued inside a groove 4 made between two vitreous sheets.

This bonding also helps seal the foam layer of the finished panel from the atmosphere.

In a particular practical example, this frame component may be Parsol, which is commercially available as a composite consisting of a net of glass fibers or metal threads embedded in a matrix of hydrated sodium silicate and coated with an epoxy resin, as mentioned above. (Trademark name of Badeissier Aniline und Soda Fabrik Aktiengesellschaft) was made by pasting together strips. This material has a thickness of 1.8
It is commercially available in mm sheets. It is therefore convenient to make the tongue 13 from a single strip of foam material with a thickness of 2 mm. The fact that the frame component foams and therefore expands in the event of a fire is such that when the foam layer 3 expands, the tongue 13 also expands and the bond of the frame component to both glass sheets can be maintained, so that the frame is fully covered. This is an especially important advantage if you have not yet established a building.

The foam layer 3 has a thickness of 1 mm on each glass sheet 1 and 2.
hydrated sodium silicate layer, which was made in a manner similar to that described in Example 3.

After drying these foamable material layers, the first
Place the sheet in a bath of sodium hydroxide solution and
The sheet was slid against the first into mating contact. This assembly was left in the bath for several hours until the surrounding area of the hydrated sodium silicate dissolved out to form a groove 4 about 6 mm deep, as shown in FIG.

In one variation of this example, the tongued frame component can be made from metal, such as an aluminum alloy. In this case, the frame component, which can be produced by extrusion, can be shaped in such a way that it can be fixed directly in the window space, for example with screws, in which case the channel element 14 can be omitted.

[Brief explanation of the drawing]

FIG. 1 of the accompanying drawings is a sectional view of a fireproof shielding panel according to a preferred embodiment of the present invention, and FIG. 2 is a sectional view of a fireproof shielding panel according to another embodiment of the present invention.
Figure 3 is a front view of the mask placed on the sheet before applying the foam material in the manufacture of the fire shielding panel of the present invention, and Figures 4 to 7 are each a portion of the edge of the fire shielding panel of the present invention. FIG.

Claims (1)

[Claims for Utility Model Registration] 1. It has one or more layers of foamable material, and these or at least one layer of foamable material is sandwiched between the outer layers of the panel, and the edges of the panel are at least one layer of foamed material occupies an area less than the area of the at least one outer layer to define at least one notch extending along at least a portion of the edge; interlocking to hold the panel together, thus allowing the outer layers to move away from each other during foaming of the foamable material layer or layers between the outer layers; A laminated light-transmissive fire shielding panel characterized in that it is utilized to house a sealing means for protecting the intumescent material against contact with the atmosphere. 2. Utility model registration according to claim 1, in which the sealing means are selected in such a way that they flow under the influence of heat due to a fire outbreak, thereby obtaining a sealing of the panel to the frame upon foaming of the sandwiched material. panel. 3. Utility model in which the frame has a tongue which engages in the said notch, which tongue is selected in such a way that it expands under the influence of heat from a fire outbreak and maintains the sealing of the panel to the frame during the foaming of the sanderch material. The panel described in claim 1.