RU2211311C2 - Method of simultaneous-separate development of several productive formations and well unit for method embodiment - Google Patents

Abstract

FIELD: well development and operation of multihorizon deposits of hydrocarbons. SUBSTANCE: method includes prospecting of productive formations, their drilling, research, separation, perforation, lowering of well unit on pipe string, development and operation. Varied and/or determined for each productive formation is its geological and field characteristics, and technical parameters and field characteristics, and technical parameters corresponding to productive formation section are selected. Operating conditions of well and productive formation are researched and regulated by varying productive formation geological and field characteristics and/or technical parameters corresponding to it or to some other facilities of operating sections and/or technical and technological parameters of well unit. This process is repeated until attaining optimal regime ensuring maximum recovery of hydrocarbons. Well unit consists of pipe string with one or several packers. It is provided with sections located above and/or under packer. Sections technical parameters depend on geological and field characteristics corresponding to their productive formations. Each section includes, at least, one well chamber and/or one nipple accommodating valve for flow regulation. In this case, at least, one or several packers from atop are provided with pipe string disconnector or/and telescopic joint. EFFECT: higher profitability of development of oil-gas multihorizon deposit due to efficient use of productive formations tapped by well and optimization of well unit parameters. 25 cl, 8 dwg, 1 tbl

Description

 The invention relates to the borehole development and exploitation of multi-layer hydrocarbon deposits, in particular to technology and equipment at the same time - separate operation of several production facilities by one well, and can be used for hydrocarbon production from a well and / or injection of a working agent, and / or displacement of formation fluid, and / or maintaining reservoir pressure and / or physico-chemical effects on the reservoir.

 A known method of simultaneous separate operation of the layers and a device for its implementation (RF patent 2023871, E 21 B 43/14, 1994), including their sequential operation from the bottom up by transferring the products of one layer to another and raising the product to the surface.

 A known method (prototype) of the simultaneous and separate operation of several layers in one well (Mirzadzhanzade A.X. Technology and technique for oil production. M.: Nedra, 1986, p. 186-197), including drilling, perforation, descent on the pipe string downhole installations in the form of pipes, packers and circulation valves, development, research, physico-chemical effects and optimization of the technological regime of wells.

 A device for the simultaneous separate operation of oil wells (A. S. USSR 446630, E 21 B 43/14, 1974), including a housing lowered into the well with radial channels, sealing cuffs, annular spring-loaded valves located in the housing, centralizers and crimping tool.

 Known installations (prototype) for the separate operation of multilayer oil and gas wells (Mirzadzhanzade A.X. Technology and technique for oil production. M.: Nedra, 1986, p. 186-197), including a pipe string, packer, telescopic connections, a column disconnector , starting valve, operating valve, circulation valve, borehole chamber and landing nipple, downhole control device.

 Known methods do not allow: reliably disconnect operational facilities; keep their filtration properties; change their characteristics; regulate hydrocarbon production from each production facility in accordance with their characteristics; separately consider their products when exploring the well; optimize the technological regime of the well as a whole throughout the well and the modes of each of the production facility.

 Well-known downhole installations have low reliability, primarily because of the impossibility of sequential installation and tightness testing of packers that separate production facilities and do not allow to quickly change technological modes by changing valves, as well as to conduct separate research and impact on production facilities, in addition the ability to conduct rope operations throughout the entire depth of the well installation, in particular due to the filling of the landing nipple with sand (downhole control gear triples).

 The purpose of the invention is to increase the profitability of the development of an oil and gas multilayer field due to the efficient use of production facilities opened by the well and optimization of the parameters of the well installation.

 The positive effect of the application of the invention is expressed in the reduction of capital investments in the construction of wells for each of the production facilities, in the reduction of operating costs and the term of development of a multilayer field, in the increase in hydrocarbon production and the period of profitable operation of wells, as well as in an increase in the utilization rate of downhole equipment and the reliability of the well installation . In addition, the present invention allows for the joint development of an oil rim and a gas cap, to prevent the formation of gas and water cones, to provide a differential effect on different intervals and / or sections of the formation, to use one well at the same time for hydrocarbon production and injection of a working agent, etc.

 The purpose of the invention is achieved by the fact that for each of the selected production facility, its characteristics are changed and / or determined (according to which, taking into account the predicted technological conditions), the technical parameters of the corresponding section are selected, after the packer is installed, the tightness of the latter is checked, the well operation modes are examined and adjusted and operational facility by changing its characteristics and / or technical parameters corresponding to it or other operational facilities of the sections, and / or technical technological parameters of the entire well installation; repeat this process until the optimal conditions of each of the production facilities and / or the optimal mode of the well as a whole are achieved. This allows you to increase the reliability and efficiency of the development of multilayer fields, taking into account the products being produced, the ability to regulate and optimize the regime for each of the production facilities, both by changing their characteristics and by changing the parameters of the well installation.

 Depending on the conditions and nature of the development of a multi-layer field, the following solutions can be additionally implemented in the design and operation of the well to achieve the objective of the invention.

 The characteristics of the production facility are changed by isolation and / or drilling, and / or perforation, and / or hydraulic fracturing, and / or physico-chemical action before the descent of the corresponding section, which allows differentially acting on individual production facilities, to ensure the selection required for the rational development of the field, coordinate the operating mode of the production facility with the operating mode of the well installation and increase the efficiency of well use.

 After checking the tightness of the packer installed above the production facility, examine the mode of operation of the latter together with its corresponding section (if it coincides with the predictive mode), disconnect from it (section) and raise the pipe string, then lower the pipe string with the subsequent section, connecting it with the previous section or leaving it in a free state, which allows to increase the reliability of each section and ensures a tight fit of packers separating operational objects, on the other hand , prevents the inefficient use of the production facility (in the absence of inflow it is re-allocated or its characteristics are changed) and the successive descent of the well installation.

 After the descent of the section corresponding to the characteristics of the operational facility, the latter is mastered and / or its characteristics are changed by perforation and / or one or various types of physico-chemical effects with the simultaneous creation of depression on it or without it, and / or the operation mode is examined and / or adjusted separately or / and simultaneously for several production facilities with their corresponding sections, which allows differentiated management of production facilities, to prevent violation of filtration properties and the opening of the operating object.

 Production facilities are disconnected from the well by changing the technical characteristics of the respective sections (by installing a dummy valve) and / or by separately or simultaneously injecting damping fluid of one or different composition for different production facilities, and / or by installing a cement bridge, which allows differentiated separation of individual production facilities from the well.

 The production facility is mastered by lowering the subsequent section into the well, filled with a lightened medium, and / or swabbing, and / or changing the technical and technological parameters of the well installation, which allows differentiated production objects to be developed differentially or differentially with a predetermined depression.

 A downhole installation is continuously or periodically used for hydrocarbon production from a production facility and / or injection of an agent acting on a production facility, which allows one well to be used as a production and injection well not only periodically, but continuously, not only separately, but at the same time.

 Hydrocarbons are produced from a low-temperature production facility heated from products of a high-temperature production facility and / or by creating depression on one production facility by using high-pressure energy from the products of another operational facility, and / or by mixing products with harmful elements of one operational facility with the products of another operational facility that neutralizes the negative influence of harmful elements, and / or by mixing with high viscosity roduktsii one operating facility with less viscous products other operational facility that helps prevent conditions that complicate the operation of wells.

 Products from one production facility are used as an agent acting on another production facility, which makes it possible to manage (regulate) flows from one formation to another.

 A production facility is selected (selected), taking for the last several layers with similar characteristics either one layer and / or separate intervals of the layer or / and separate sections of the formation, that is, the use of several sections allows differentially acting on different production objects in in particular, to regulate the selection of products and / or the injection of the agent from different intervals or sections of the same formation or from different layers.

 The downhole installation is used to operate a horizontal and / or branched well, and / or a well with a drilled sidetrack, which allows differentially acting on different intervals and sections (production facilities) of an open well.

 Production facilities are distinguished by selection and separation prior to perforation or their research (optimization) after perforation or / and change their characteristics, or / and change the technical parameters of their respective sections, or / and change the technical and technological parameters of the well installation depending on the initial and / or possible characteristics of production facilities - their geological parameters, and / or their hydrocarbon reserves, and / or their geological and field characteristics, and / or physical properties of their rocks; and / or filtration properties of their collectors; and / or their energy state, and / or geological and technical characteristics of their near-wellbore zone, and / or their development system, and / or methods for increasing hydrocarbon recovery used for them; and / or physicochemical properties of their formation fluids, and / or physicochemical properties of working agents, and / or their design indicators, and / or depending on economic indicators - oil, gas and condensate prices and / or costs required for hydrocarbon production resources, and / or production costs of liquid, oil, gas and condensate, and / or taxes. This makes it possible to efficiently design and reliably operate a well installation taking into account known existing or possible characteristics of a production facility, as well as adaptively optimize the development process as the information on production facilities is updated.

 The optimal operation mode of each of the operational facilities is ensured by controlling bottomhole and reservoir pressure, reaching its maximum hydrocarbon recovery and / or maximum hydrocarbon production, and / or design bottomhole or reservoir pressure, and / or optimal gas or water content of the produced products, and / or minimum cost extracted products, and / or maximum profit or cash flow. This allows you to carry out the process of development and operation of production facilities for a given optimization criterion.

 The optimal operating mode of the well as a whole is found by adjusting the operating mode of each of the production facilities, achieving optimal bottomhole pressure and / or optimal production rate for each of the production facilities and / or the equality of changes in hydrocarbon production rates with equal changes in pressure in the well installation and / or maximum production hydrocarbons, and / or the optimal gas factor, and / or the optimum water cut of the produced products, and / or the minimum cost of the produced products, and / or the maximum th gains, and / or maximum real money flow, and / or equal flow rate changes for all wells hydrocarbon groups with equal gas flow rate changes or working agent or other general scarce resource. This allows you to carry out the process of operating the well and the production facilities uncovered by it according to the specified optimization criterion.

 The space (annular annular) formed between the borehole and the pipe string, where there is no fluid movement, is filled with an inert (anti-corrosion) or heat-insulating medium, which allows to increase the durability (duration) of the pipe string, reduce energy losses, increase production of highly viscous oil and prevent sedimentation deposits.

 An additional pipe string is lowered and connected to the upper section of the installation, or it is in a free state, which makes it possible to efficiently use the pipe string and provide the ability to supply a working agent (gas lift gas, etc.).

 Various types of products (oil, gas, gas condensate, water, etc.) are selected from one operational facility, directing their flows through one or different channels of the section, and / or through one or more pipe columns, which allows controlling (controlling and regulating) flows mined or injected medium.

 Gas and liquid are taken from one production facility, with a part of the gas being directed through an additional upper channel of the section or a gas outlet pipe, and liquid is taken through the lower channel of the section, while the other part of the gas is sent to the pipe string together with the liquid, which allows controlling the gas flow from sub-gas zone of the formation or to prevent the creation of a gas cone in a technological way.

 The method can be implemented using an installation consisting of a pipe string with one or more packers. Moreover, the installation is equipped with sections located above and / or below the packer with technical parameters made depending on the characteristics of the corresponding operational objects, each section comprising at least one downhole chamber and / or one nipple with with a flow control valve, at least one or more packers on top of which are equipped with a pipe string disconnector and / or telescopic connection. This solution allows you to ensure (set in advance or find during operation) for each production facility the optimal differentiated impact in wide ranges, and the location of the regulators in the borehole chamber prevents them from falling asleep with sand and allows you to change them at any time using cable technology along the entire length of the installation, thereby select the downhole installation (layout) for the operating characteristics of production facilities. The presence of a pipe string disconnector allows you to remove and install sections separately, that is, if necessary, to disconnect and connect the pipe string, which provides the necessary reliability for the tight separation of production facilities. The presence of a telescopic connection allows you to compensate for deformation changes due to changes in temperature and / or pressure.

 To increase the efficiency and reliability of the installation, the following additional technical solutions can be implemented.

 The section corresponding to the lower operational facility is additionally equipped with adapters and / or a sand collector, and / or a blind or shear plug, and / or a shear or removable plug and / or perforator. This allows you to extract (pump) products (working agent) from (at) the lower (s) operational (s) object (s), while controlling the flow using a valve installed either in the borehole chamber or in the nipple, and if necessary, you can install hydraulic connection of the installation with the lower operational object through the shoe of the pipe string. The use of a perforator allows you to open a well in a depression without subsequent jamming with a negative technogenic impact on the near-wellbore zone.

 The flow control valve is made in the form of a removable flow or pressure regulator “up to” or “after itself”, or a differential pressure regulator, or a flow temperature regulator, or a fitting valve, or a silencing valve, or a blind plug, which allows automatically or using cable technology in wide ranges, change the technical parameters of each section or change the technical and technological parameters of the entire well installation.

 The flow control valve is made in the form of a double-acting removable regulator providing the opposite direction of flow, which allows improving the regulator's regulating characteristics with limited dimensions, in particular, increasing the flow rate of the produced products or the flow rate of the injected working agent at a fixed pressure drop.

 The installation is additionally equipped with a pipe string and / or one or more pumps, and / or a shank, and / or a gas outlet pipe, and / or a heater, and / or a wave emitter, and / or a perforator. A pre-installed additional string of pipes of larger diameter allows you to create an individual or additional channel for the upper production facility to extract products or inject the working agent, on the other hand, it allows you to protect the production string from the negative effects of the produced medium or injected working agent. The use of a pump or several pumps allows the simultaneous development of several production facilities in a mechanized way, and the presence of a shank is advisable for the accumulation of produced products in the lower section when developing low-productive production facilities. The gas outlet pipe provides the removal of sub-packer gas during the operation of the well with a pumping unit. The use of a heater and a wave emitter allows to prevent deposits of paraffin deposits, to reduce the viscosity of produced products or injected working agent and to influence the near-wellbore zone of the well. The perforator allows you to open the well in a depression without subsequent jamming with a negative technogenic impact on the near-wellbore zone.

 Sections can be installed sequentially one after another, connected or disconnected between each other and / or sections can be installed in separate branches of a branched well, which allows for each individual well, including a horizontal well and a well with several boreholes, to choose the optimal well configuration layouts.

 The pipe string can be made with constant or variable cross-section, which allows you to optimize (minimize) energy costs or maximize the total flow rate of the well.

 Figure 1 shows a typical generalized technological scheme of a well installation; in FIG. 2-7 are specific various schemes of a well installation for the simultaneous development of several production facilities; in FIG. 8 - indicator curves of various production facilities of a particular well on which this method was implemented.

 The installation (Fig. 1) includes several sections separated by a packer (2), each section consists of pipes (1), and one or more valves (3), each of which is placed in the borehole chamber (4) and / or nipple (5 ) A plug or nipple with a blind plug (5) is placed at the lower end of the installation. The unit is equipped with one or more central nipples (6) for the crimping (receiving) and control valve and / or blind plug, and is also equipped with adapters (7). The pipe string (1) has a constant or variable cross-section for the possibility of rope work, as well as to reduce pressure losses during the flow of the medium (for example, in the section above the upper packer, the column has a larger diameter). At least one or more packers (2) on top are equipped with a pipe string disconnector (8). In this case, the pipe string disconnector (8) can be made telescopic (for example, in the form of a “K” packing sleeve for the FHH packer) or the installation can be additionally equipped with a telescopic connection (9) to reduce the pipe string voltage during temperature changes in the well .

 The installation can be additionally equipped with a pipe string with a large diameter (10), and the annular space formed between the well and the pipe string (10) can be filled with an inert medium (11), or separated by a packer (12) or a cement bridge.

 The method is implemented as follows.

After isolation (selection and separation) of production facilities, for example, according to exploration data (magnetic, gravity, electrical, seismic, nuclear-geophysical, geochemical) and / or geophysical surveys of wells, the characteristics of individual production facilities are determined. If necessary, due to the optimization criterion (see below), the characteristics of individual operational facilities are changed by re-allocating it and / or performing additional operations (measures) such as:
- drilling, for example, drilling of the second (third, fourth, etc.) sidetrack;
- perforation;
- hydraulic fracturing;
- physico-chemical effects, for example, such as:
- acid treatment of the bottomhole zone of the well;
- electromagnetic effects;
- seismic (vibration processing) impact;
- acoustic (ultrasonic) impact;
- heat exposure (heat treatment);
- implosive effect (baroprocessing);
- gas pulse exposure;
- chemical exposure (chemical treatment);
- injection of plugging materials preventing (minimizing) the transformation of the gas-oil contact in the gas-oil deposit or / and isolating the breakthrough of gas into the producing (s) well (s) through the production facility;
- injection into injection wells of compositions (working agents) having the best displacing properties and / or washing properties, and / or penetrating (capillary displacing oil) properties and / or properties of alignment of the injectivity profile;
- injection into production wells of compositions (working agents) having the properties of leveling the inflow profile and / or having the best hydrophobic properties or / and isolating the breakthrough of water into the producing well (s) through the production facility
- and other types of exposure.

 Well drilling is carried out before the descent of the corresponding section for each production facility with the simultaneous creation of depression on it or without depression.

 It is possible to perforate a production facility and determine its performance characteristics (including its hydrodynamic connection with the well) before or after the launch of the corresponding section.

 The remaining operations aimed at changing the operating characteristics can be performed after the descent of the corresponding section for each operational facility separately or simultaneously for a group of operational facilities. At the same time, the characteristics of production facilities can be changed by perforation and / or hydraulic fracturing, and / or by physicochemical action separately or simultaneously, by one or different types of impact (see above), or / and inject one or different agents to act on the near-wellbore zone, or / and agents for limiting the flow of water, and / or agents for limiting the flow of gas.

 A production facility is distinguished by combining several layers with similar characteristics or / and taking one layer or / and separate intervals (in power) of the formation (for example, gas saturated, oil saturated and water saturated or highly permeable and low permeable) and use several sections to control the selection of products from various intervals (by capacity) or sections (by area) of one layer. For example, in order to prevent a gas breakthrough, simultaneous controlled selection is made from the oil part of the reservoir and from the gas cap of this reservoir, creating a differentiated effect (various depressions) on the oil and gas saturated parts of the reservoir. Similarly, in order to prevent the formation of water cones in bottom water reservoirs, a controlled selection of oil and water is performed, creating a differentiated effect on the oil-saturated and water-saturated parts of the reservoir.

The following information is used to highlight production facilities:
prior to perforation, exploration data (for example, seismic exploration) or geophysical surveys (logs) obtained during drilling of wells (initial opening of a production facility), etc. are used;
after perforation, research data are used in a steady and unsteady mode, with sampling from each operational facility, etc.

 A section with technical parameters corresponding to the predicted mode is lowered onto a dedicated operational facility, a section is installed by installing a packer above or / and below it. Then check the tightness of the packer from the top and from the bottom. This very important operation allows the installation to provide the required reliability and further guarantees against interstratal flows. After checking the tightness of the packer, the operation mode of the production facility is examined together with its corresponding section by creating depressions or pressure repressions on it.

 If the actual mode differs from the forecast (expected) mode, the question of the appropriateness of the further descent of the plant sections is resolved. For example, in the absence of inflow from the production facility, it is re-isolated or / and perforated, and / or other impact, ensuring the efficient use of the selected operational object. And with a significant underestimation of the potential of the production facility, it may be necessary to change the technical parameters of the corresponding section, for example, install an additional borehole chamber with a control valve.

 In case of coincidence (slight deviation) obtained as a result of investigations of the regime with the predictive mode, the pipe string is disconnected from the installed section and raised to the surface, then the pipe string is again lowered with the subsequent section. The newly deflated section may be connected to the previous section using a column disconnector, or may be left free above or below (with a smaller diameter) the previously deflated section.

 A downhole installation can be used to operate a horizontal and / or branched well, and / or a well with a drilled sidetrack. For example, each production facility of a branched well has its own section with a packer and a column disconnector, and only then a downhole installation is lowered to raise the production of all objects (trunks, branches) of the well, while the production of each of the objects is regulated by the technical parameters of the corresponding section.

 Select, share and change the characteristics of production facilities and / or change the technical parameters of their respective sections, and / or change the technical and technological parameters of a well installation depending on the characteristics of production facilities.

Under the characteristics of operational facilities are understood:
- their geological parameters: depth; power of hydrocarbon-saturated (oil-saturated, gas-saturated, condensate-saturated) intervals; power heterogeneity; heterogeneity in area, etc .;
- their hydrocarbon reserves: geological reserves of oil, gas and gas condensate; the ratio of the reserves of oil-water and purely oil zones of the reservoir; residual recoverable reserves of oil, gas and gas condensate, etc .;
- their geological and field characteristics: location of contacts (water-oil; gas-water; gas-oil; gas-condensate; condensate-oil); saturation: water; oil; gas; gas condensate; thermophysical properties of the reservoir; cumulative production: oil; water, gas; gas condensate, etc .;
- physical properties of their rocks: type; carbonate content; clay content; grading; mineralogical composition; porosity; specific surface area; elasticity; fracturing; hydrophilicity; hydrophobicity; anisotropy, etc .;
- filtration properties of their collectors: hydraulic conductivity; piezoconductivity; phase permeability for: water, oil, condensate; gas; capillary properties, etc .;
- their energy parameters: reservoir pressure, temperature, etc .;
- geological and technical characteristics of the near-wellbore zone: productivity; throttle response, inflow profile; pickup profile; water saturation (water cut); gas saturation (gas contamination), etc .;
- system for their development: number of wells; well placement scheme; well grid density; ratio of injection and production wells; type of exposure; exposure scheme; the operating mode of the deposits of the operational facility, the volume of water injection in relation to the selection of liquid, etc .;
- methods used to increase hydrocarbon recovery: water flooding; hydrodynamic; physical and chemical; thermal, etc .;
- physico-chemical properties of reservoir fluids: density; viscosity; phase state - saturation with gas, oil and water; saturation pressure; volume factor; structural and mechanical properties of abnormally viscous oil; the content of resins, paraffins and asphaltenes; sulfur and rare metal content; component composition of hydrocarbons; heat capacity; thermal conductivity, chemical activity, acidity, polarity, carbon dioxide and hydrogen sulfide content, etc .;
- physico-chemical properties of working agents: density; viscosity; phase permeability; volume factor; structural and mechanical properties of solid, liquid and gaseous hydrocarbons; the concentration of hydrogen ions of water; the content of gelling, organosilicon materials, the content of nitrogen, hydrogen sulfide and carbon dioxide; the content of chemicals - surfactants, polymers, acids, salts, bases, alcohols, glycols, ketones, ethers; sulfur and rare metal content; component composition; heat capacity; thermal conductivity, chemical activity, polarity, etc .;
- design development indicators: hydrocarbon recovery ratio; displacement coefficient; coverage factor by impact on the reservoir in terms of power; coverage ratio by impact on the formation by area; water flooding rate; well operation coefficient.

In addition to the characteristics of the production facility, economic indicators are also taken into account:
- prices for oil, gas and condensate;
- the cost of resources required for their extraction (electricity, the cost of water, gas, working agent, etc.);
- the cost of production of liquid, oil, gas and condensate;
- taxes, etc.

 Taking into account the predicted technological regimes (for example, calculated using a physical and mathematical model), for each production facility and for the well as a whole, the technical parameters of each section corresponding to the production facility are selected.

Under the technical parameters of the section, first of all, it is understood:
diameter and length of pipes in the section;
number and type of downhole chambers;
number of valves;
valve size: type; saddle diameter; valve charging pressure; the presence or absence of a check valve, the number of fittings, the number of passage channels, etc .;
corrosion resistance of section equipment materials; and so forth

 To separate sections, select the type and characteristics of the packer.

 Then, the operability of each section individually is established and checked in sequence, first of all, the tightness of the packer associated with the section is determined.

 Investigate the operation of each of the operational facilities.

 Several methods can be used to study wells.

 1. Sampling the reservoir fluid of each production facility after its perforation, which is carried out sequentially from the bottom up. Upon transition to the overlying operational facility, the opened underlying operating facilities are sequentially blocked using the corresponding sections.

 2. Hydrodynamic studies of each operational facility by installing blind plugs on all other operational facilities. Change the technical parameters of the sections of this production facility or the technical and technological parameters (mode) of the well installation and determine the reservoir pressure, the indicator curve, the pressure recovery (drop) curve and other parameters of the well.

 3. Measurement of fluid flow rate for each of the operational facilities by installing a borehole flow meter (flow meter) sequentially between the respective sections, while fixing the change in fluid flow rate.

 4. Determination of the operating modes of each of the production facilities (flow rate of liquid, oil and gas or water injection) by changing the technical parameters of the sections of one or more production facilities and / or technical parameters of the well installation, and / or the technological mode of the well installation. The procedure is repeated until the uncertainty of the parameters of the production facility is eliminated by successively solving the inverse problem.

 5. Registration of pressure at the bottom of the operational (s) object (s) and / or at the level of the corresponding (s) sections using special sensors.

 6. Registration of the temperature at the bottom of the operational (s) object (s) and / or at the level of the corresponding (s) sections using special sensors.

7. Geophysical studies of the near-wellbore space. At the same time, at the level of the production facility, the casing must be made of non-metallic material (fiberglass casing), then the material of the corresponding section (tubing and / or borehole chamber) in the interval opposite the production facility is also made “transparent” with respect to electromagnetic and acoustic waves. Such studies allow flow metering to study the working capacity of the reservoir and evaluate the production of production facilities
8. An in-depth study of a manometer and / or thermometer and / or densitometer in order to determine the flows of each of the operational facilities by solving the inverse problem.

On the other hand, the use of the proposed method can significantly expand the ability to study operational facilities. For example, if there are combined production facilities (formations) in the well, the opportunity arises:
- determine the volume fraction in the total production (production or injection) of each of the layers at different bottomhole pressure values (make an inflow or injection profile), which allows us to determine the most important indicators, including residual recoverable reserves, by restoring the development history of each of the layers;
- determine the current water cut and / or gas content of the extracted products from each operational facility;
- to determine the change (differential) of water cut and / or gas content of the extracted products from each operational facility when the depression changes;
- determine the current reservoir pressure in the selection zone for each of the production facilities when the depression changes.

 The presence of the above information allows not only more reasonably identifying operational facilities, but also clarifying the geological and hydrodynamic model for making decisions on optimizing the development of operational facilities.

Regulate the operation modes of each of the operational facilities by changing:
- characteristics of this operational facility;
- technical parameters of the corresponding section;
- technical and technological parameters of the entire well installation, while achieving not only their coordinated work, but also the optimal technological regime.

 Changing the technical parameters of the section is done by choosing the number of downhole chambers, valves and their sizes.

For instance:
if it is necessary to limit the selection at one object, a regulator (fitting) is used for it with a smaller throughput section than for the object on which it is necessary to organize forced selection;
when developing production facilities at the maximum possible modes, to prevent gas contamination of the near-borehole zone, valves are installed - "pressure regulators to themselves", which maintain the set bottomhole pressure (depending on the saturation pressure);
in the presence of aggressive media (carbon dioxide, hydrogen sulfide, etc.) in the production of the production facility and / or in gas-lift gas, corrosion-resistant equipment is used for the corresponding section and upstream sections.

Changing the technical and technological parameters of the well installation is due to changes in:
- technological parameters - change for a certain period of time the consumption of the working agent and / or produced products; pressure of the working agent and / or produced products; temperature of the working agent and / or produced products; voltage current strength; current frequency; number of swings; stroke length, etc.

 - technical parameters - produced by changing the diameter of the pipes and / or the length of the pipe string, and / or a combination of installations, and / or the number of installations, or / and the depth of each of the sections, and / or the size of the pump installation, or / and the depth of the pump .

 Under the operation of the operational facility, first of all, is understood the research, maintenance and optimization (including due to the physicochemical effect) of its technological mode.

 For the extraction of hydrocarbons from production facilities, it is most efficient to use the gas-lift method by supplying gas from the facilities of the development of this well (downhole gas lift) and / or from a neighboring well (non-compressor gas lift), and / or from a compressor station (compressor gas lift), and / or from other gas supply sources. In this case, it is advisable to choose the corrosion resistance of downhole equipment depending on the corrosiveness of the working agent - gas-lift gas and produced products.

 When producing hydrocarbons using ESPs (and other pumps blocking the borehole space, which makes it impossible to change valves using cable technology), to prevent a pump flow interruption, it is necessary to install a valve in at least one of the sections that increases its throughput with a decrease in pressure in the borehole space .

A downhole installation can be used continuously or periodically simultaneously for hydrocarbon production from a production facility and for pumping a working agent acting on the production facility, for example:
- when producing highly viscous oil, low-viscous oil and / or gas condensate or / and solvent are periodically injected into the formation;
- when oil is extracted from the upper production facilities through the annulus through the internal tubing, the working agent is pumped into the lower production facilities.

At the same time, the separate production of hydrocarbons from various production facilities is effectively used in difficult conditions, for example:
- they produce hydrocarbons from production facilities with low temperature by heating from the production of production facilities with high temperature;
- by mixing products (aggressive, with harmful components) of one production facility with products (reducing aggressiveness or the content of harmful components - paraffin in the total flow) of another production facility, in particular by mixing highly viscous products of one operational facility with less viscous (light oil, condensate) or water) products of another operational facility;
- at low productivity of operational facilities to ensure continuous operation of the pumping unit (or minimize the frequency of shutdown) as self-fueling systems can be used:
- developed operational facilities;
- adjustable bypass system installed after the pump;
- a system for supplying fluid to the well from the surface.

Products from one operational facility can be used as a working agent acting on another operational facility, for example:
- create a depression on one operational facility through the use of high pressure products of another operational facility using a jet or hydraulic piston pump;
- produce controlled (controlled and regulated) fluid transfer (continuous or periodic) from one production facility to another, in particular hot products from the lower production facility to the upper facility with high viscosity oil;
- they allow gas from the gas zone to the oil one, and then water is passed from another layer, or water is pumped from the surface, carrying out the gas-water process;
- from the object with condensate or light oil, a rim is injected (by regulated bypass) into the object saturated with highly viscous oil to reduce the viscosity of the latter inside the reservoir;
- pump fluids (water) from one production facility to another (oil) using a downhole installation;
- at high water cuts, oil and water are separated inside the well (without or using a special separator), after which the oil is extracted to the surface, and water is pumped into one or more production facilities;
- create a barrier water flooding in gas and oil deposits;
- inject (for example, under gas-oil contact) a rim or several rims of BFLH (a wide fraction of light hydrocarbons) - gas in ratios that ensure complete mutual solubility with oil, and then pump a rim or several rims of water-gas.

 This method can be effectively used to pump water into several production facilities or equalize injectivity in one heterogeneous production facility. The same principle can be used when organizing a cycling process in gas condensate fields.

 The method can be used as a tool for identifying the geological and hydrodynamic model of an inhomogeneous formation, that is, for the study of formations. For example, before producing reservoir products or injecting a working agent, even for a monolithic reservoir, the corresponding sections are installed in different sections and a set of studies is carried out (a pressure recovery curve is taken for each of them, an indicator line is built. In this case, information is obtained on the filtration reservoirs and on the type of reservoir , the presence of zones of tectonic and lithological heterogeneity, the permeability of the reservoir both laterally and vertically.

The optimal operation mode of each of the operational facilities is ensured by controlling the bottomhole and reservoir pressure, reaching a certain criterion of optimality (efficiency) for a given period of time, as such a criterion can be one or more (with given weights) of the following criteria:
- maximum hydrocarbon recovery and / or hydrocarbon production;
- achievement and maintenance during operation of the design bottomhole and / or reservoir pressure;
- the achievement and maintenance during operation of the optimal gas content and / or water content of the extracted products;
- the minimum cost of production;
- maximum profit and / or flow of real money.

The optimal operating mode of the well as a whole is found by adjusting the operating mode of each of the production facilities, reaching their optimal modes for a given period of time, while the following may be used as an optimization criterion:
- maintaining optimal levels (calculated using a physical and mathematical model or found by adaptive search) of bottomhole and / or reservoir pressure;
- maintaining optimal levels (calculated using the physical-mathematical model or found by adaptive search) flow rate;
and / and reaching the optimality criterion for the entire well as an optimization criterion, the following can be:
- equality of changes in the flow rate of hydrocarbons for each production facility with equal changes in pressure or gas flow rate, or flow rate of the working agent, or electricity in a well installation (for example, in an elevator opposite the corresponding section);
- maximization of hydrocarbon recovery and / or hydrocarbon production;
- gas factor optimization;
- optimization (minimization) of water cut in the extracted products;
- minimizing the cost of production;
- maximization of profits and / or the flow of real money;
and / and reaching the criterion of optimality for the group of exploited wells, the optimization criterion can be the following:
- maximization of hydrocarbon recovery and / or hydrocarbon production;
- minimization of resources (gas, working agent, electricity, etc.) required for hydrocarbon production;
- equality of changes in the flow rate of hydrocarbons for each well with equal changes in gas flow or working agent, or other general limited resource;
- minimizing the cost of production;
- maximization of profits and / or the flow of real money.

 During the exploitation of oil and gas and oil and gas condensate fields, various types of products (oil, gas, gas condensate, water) can be taken from one production facility, directing their flows through one or different channels of the section and / or through one or more pipe columns.

 If gas and liquid are taken from the same production facility, part of the gas can be sent through the upper channel of the section, and liquid is taken through the lower channel of the section, while the other part of the gas is sent to the pipe string together with the liquid and / or separately through the additional channel of the section.

 For each production facility (for example, I, Fig. 1-7), one section of the installation is lowered, consisting of a pipe string (1), a packer (2) and one or more valves (3), each of which is installed in the borehole chamber (4 ) A plug or blind plug (5) is located at the lower end of the installation. In the lower section of the installation under the lower borehole chamber (4) there are several pipes (1) for collecting sand.

 The cap can be made with the possibility of cutting when creating a certain hydraulic pressure or under mechanical stress.

 All sections of the installation can be lowered into the well at the same time (at a time), and then they are installed and a functional test is carried out, however, in practice it is very difficult (practically impossible) to realize it for various technological reasons, but primarily because of the unreliable (impossibility) of installing several packers, checking their tightness and their subsequent extraction during well repair.

 For efficiency and reliability of work, the first section is lowered into the well first on the auxiliary pipe string and the packer (2) is installed, followed by its tightness test, and then the column disconnector (8) is disconnected and the auxiliary pipe string is removed.

 The packer or packers (2) can be of the same type or combined, for example, hydraulic and / or hydromechanical, and / or mechanical action (triggered by emphasis on the bottom, rotation of the pipe string, from inertia, lifting and lowering the tubing string, etc.).

 The pipe string disconnector (8) may be of hydraulic and / or mechanical action.

 Production facility I can be examined individually through the first section before removing the auxiliary pipe string. For this, after installing the packer (2), the valve (3) is removed in the form of a dead plug from the borehole chamber (4). Then they master and / or examine and / or act on object I by creating a circulation through the passage channels of the borehole chamber (4) or through its circulation valve, or a fitting installed instead of a valve - a blind plug.

 In case of discrepancy between the predicted and actual characteristics of the production facility, it is re-allocated and / or its characteristics changed, and / or sections are changed in the technical parameters corresponding to it or other operational facilities. For example, in the absence of a hydrodynamic connection between the production facility and the well, repeated perforation is made in a new interval. Thus, they provide a sufficient supply characteristic of this production facility before moving on to the upper layers.

 After development and / or research, the object I can be hermetically disconnected from the well cavity by installing a valve in the form of a dead plug (3) in the borehole chamber (4) in order to preserve the filtration characteristics of the production facility when working with upstream production facilities.

 The killing of the well is carried out through the borehole chamber, lowered on the auxiliary pipe string. Disconnect the first section from the auxiliary string using a column disconnector (8) and remove the auxiliary pipe string from the well.

The following upstream object II can be perforated in three ways:
in advance (before launching the well) in the traditional way;
after the descent, installation, and operability check of the (previous) lower first section. In this case, after removing the auxiliary pipe string, the perforator is lowered and object II is attached (perforated);
after descent of the section corresponding to the given operational object, which should include also the perforating device. In this case, after perforation made in the depression, there is no negative effect of the kill fluid on the reservoir properties of the formation.

 The second section of the well installation is lowered to the depth of object II and connected to it with the aid of a column disconnector to the first section. Then install and check the tightness of the packer (2) over the second section. If necessary, object II is mastered, its characteristics are changed, examined separately, similar to object I.

 If there are more operational facilities (III, IV, V, etc.), then the operation for them is carried out similarly to the previous operational facility (II).

 Before checking the operability of each section lowered into the well, the tightness of the pipe string (1) is checked by installing a non-return valve in the nipple 6. The tightness of the string can also be checked when lowering the borehole assembly for each individual section by installing a blind plug in the borehole 4 and / or receiving (landing) crimping valve in the nipple (6).

 If the packer (2) is of mechanical action, i.e. Since its work does not depend on the pressure in the tubing (1), then the pressure testing of the pipe string can be carried out after the descent of the installation.

 Above the upper packer (2), in the absence of a production facility, a borehole chamber (4) is installed with a valve (3) in the form of a blind plug or shear circulation valve (for killing the well). The solution is replaced with an inert medium (oil, inhibitor, etc.) through the borehole chamber (4). To do this, remove the valve (3) from it.

 Well development can be done by swabbing, as well as by injecting a lower density medium through the borehole chamber (4) above the upper packer (2).

 If there is an operational object (for example, IV) above the upper packer (2), the column disconnector (8) is disconnected from the upper section and the pipe string (1) is removed. Then a pipe string (10) with a large diameter above object IV is lowered into the well, and the annular space forming with the well is filled with an inert or insulating medium (11), and / or disconnected with a packer (12) or a cement bridge. In this case, hydrocarbon from reservoir IV can be extracted through the cavity of the pipe string (10) by supplying gas from the lower object through the valve (3) of the borehole chamber (4).

 A pipe string (1) with a smaller diameter can also be lowered into a pipe string (10) of a larger diameter and connected to the upper section of the installation. In this case, the hydrocarbon from the object IV can be extracted through the annular space between the pipe columns (10) and (1). Operation can be carried out by supplying gas from the surface of the well; for this, a gas lift valve is installed in the upper well chamber (4) or by supplying gas from any operation object.

The same installation can be used for simultaneous and separate injection of a working agent into various facilities (for example, facility I, II and III) with the costs set for each of them. For continuous injection, depending on the injectivity of the operating facilities, each section is selected with its own fitting or regulator, which ensures a given injection. During periodic alternate injection of the required volume of the working agent into a specific production facility, a blind valve is removed from the corresponding section, leaving blind valves in other sections. The use of a valve made in the form of a removable double-acting regulator with a flow direction from its opposite sides makes it possible to pump more than 250 m ³ / day through one well chamber. If necessary, even greater productivity section is equipped with two or more downhole cameras.

 In FIG. Figure 2 shows the installation for the fountain and gas lift operation of a well that reveals several production facilities. This installation can be used for simultaneous injection of the working agent (water) into the lower object I through the inner pipe string and the simultaneous selection of reservoir fluids through the annulus from another operational object II or the upper part of the same operational object into which the working agent is supplied.

 In FIG. Figure 3 shows the installation for three operational facilities, such an installation can, for example, be used for downhole gas lift, while gas can be supplied from any operational facility, but the deeper the gas is introduced, the more efficiently it is used.

 In FIG. 4 shows the installation for oil production using pump 13, while due to the installation of controller 3, the selection from production facility I is regulated, and its produced products, together with the products of facility II, rises to the surface.

 In FIG. 5 shows a combined installation (gas lift - submersible pump), where in addition to the pump 13 and the borehole chamber 4, a crimping nipple 14 and a heating element in the form of a cable 15 are also used to supply gas through the valve 3.

 Figure 6 shows a diagram for the operation of two separated or three operational facilities using a pumping unit. It should be noted that production facility III is not fully regulated, in particular, the selection of fluids from it cannot be limited, and even more so, what can be done with the first (I) and second (II) production facilities. Therefore, for the flexibility of regulation, this scheme should be applied to two operational facilities (without the third (III) - upper operational facility).

 In FIG. 7 is a diagram of a two elevator installation, in which, in addition to a pipe string 1, a pipe string 10 is used. This installation allows, for example, a central gas lift circuit (by supplying gas to column 1) or an annular gas lift circuit by supplying gas to the annulus (between column 1 and 10), thereby preventing the wear of the production casing.

 The proposed method for simultaneous-separate development of several production facilities was tested at several production and injection wells of the Van-Yeganskoye field.

The following is an example of one of the producing wells. The well opened two oil and gas deposits - BV ₃ (dissolved gas mode) and BV ₅ (gas cap), some parameters of these production facilities are shown in the table.

In FIG. 8 for two operational objects shows indicator curves, the receipt of which for each of the layers before using the proposed method was almost impossible. As can be seen (from Fig. 8), due to the difference in indicator curves (dependence of flow rate on bottomhole pressure), due to the difference in reservoir and saturation pressures (a break in the indicator curve is observed at different values of bottomhole pressure) by deposits, the total flow rate was 95 m ³ / day (20 m ³ / day for reservoir BV ₃ and 75 m ³ / day for reservoir BV ₅ ). At the same time, the maximum possible (optimal) flow rate during the joint operation of two layers could be (in practice not achievable) 148 m ³ / day.

After the allocation of the additional production facility, the AB ₃ gas reservoir was attached, by perforation with simultaneous depression and development (changing the operational characteristics of the AB ₃ production facility), the well was transferred to separate operation simultaneously using a gas lift (see Fig. 3).

Moreover, for each of the layers was selected its own section with the appropriate regulator. Then the regulators using cable technology were installed in the downhole chambers. After researching the operational characteristics of production facilities (layers AB ₃ , BV ₃ , BV ₅ ), leaving one of them in succession open, the parameters of the regulators were again recounted and changed using cable technology. Using the method proposed in this application, it was possible to increase the total flow rate for two separated operational facilities to 185 m ³ / day. At the same time, it became possible to conduct research and take into account the production of each of the layers during simultaneous operation: 89 m ³ / day for the BV ₃ formation and 96 m ³ / day for the BV ₅ formation. That is, liquid production increased by 95%, and oil production increased even more, since the BV ₃ formation had products of less water cut.

Claims (25)

 1. The method of simultaneous and separate development of several operational facilities, including their exploration, drilling, research, extraction, perforation, descent on a pipe string of a well installation, consisting of several sections separated by a packer, development and operation, characterized in that for each allocated operational the object is changed and / or its geological and field characteristics are determined, the technical parameters of the section corresponding to it are selected, the well operation and production modes are examined and regulated about an object by changing its geological and field characteristics, and / or technical parameters of sections corresponding to it or other operational objects, and / or technical and technological parameters of a well installation, repeat this process until an optimal regime is achieved that ensures maximum hydrocarbon production or corresponding maximum hydrocarbon recovery.  2. The method according to p. 1, characterized in that the geological and field characteristics of the production facility are changed by re-isolation, and / or drilling, and / or perforation, and / or hydraulic fracturing, and / or physico-chemical action before the descent of the corresponding section.  3. The method according to p. 1, characterized in that after checking the tightness of the packer installed on the operational object, examine the mode of operation of the latter together with its corresponding section, disconnect from it and raise the pipe string, then lower the pipe string with the subsequent section, connecting her with the previous section or leaving it in a free state.  4. The method according to p. 1, characterized in that after the descent of the section corresponding to the geological and field characteristics of the production facility, the latter is mastered and / or its geological and field characteristics are changed by perforation and / or one or different types of physicochemical effects with simultaneous creating depression on it or without it, and / or investigating and / or regulating the operating mode separately or / and simultaneously for several operational facilities with their corresponding sections.  5. The method according to p. 1, characterized in that the production facilities are disconnected from the well by changing the technical parameters of the respective sections and / or separate or simultaneous injection of the working agent, and for all objects one composition is used or for each of them an individual composition of the working agent, and / or installing a cement bridge.  6. The method according to p. 1, characterized in that the production facility is mastered by lowering the next section into the well, filled with a lightened medium, and / or swabbing, and / or changing the technical and technological parameters of the well installation.  7. The method according to p. 1, characterized in that the downhole installation is continuously or periodically used for the production of hydrocarbons from the production site and / or injection of an agent acting on the production site.  8. The method according to p. 1 or 7, characterized in that hydrocarbons are produced from a production facility with a low temperature heated from the products of a production facility with a high temperature and / or by creating depression on one production facility due to the use of high pressure energy from products of another operational object, and / or by mixing products with harmful elements of one operational object with the products of another operational object, neutralizing the negative impact of harmful elements comrade, and / or by mixing a highly viscous product one operational object with less viscous products other operational object.  9. The method according to p. 1 or 7, characterized in that the products from one operational facility are used as an agent acting on another operational facility.  10. The method according to p. 1, characterized in that the production facility is distinguished, taking for the last several layers with similar characteristics, and / or one layer, and / or individual intervals of the layer, and / or individual sections of the layer.  11. The method according to p. 1 or 10, characterized in that the well installation is used to operate a horizontal and / or branched well and / or well with a drilled sidetrack.  12. The method according to p. 1, characterized in that the production facilities are distinguished by selecting and separating prior to perforation or examining them after perforation, and / or changing their geological and field characteristics, and / or changing the technical parameters of the sections corresponding to them, and / or change the technical and technological parameters of the well installation depending on one or more of the initial and / or possible geological and field characteristics of production facilities: depth, thickness of hydrocarbon-saturated intervals, uneven one by capacity or by area, geological reserves of oil, gas and gas condensate, the ratio of the reserves of the oil and water zones of the reservoir, residual recoverable reserves of hydrocarbons, the location of the oil and gas contacts, the saturation of water, oil, gas and gas condensate, the accumulated oil, water, gas and gas condensate, physical properties of rocks, hydraulic conductivity, piezoconductivity, phase permeability to water, oil, condensate and gas, capillary properties, reservoir pressure and temperature, products inactivity, throttle response, inflow or throttle profile, used development systems and methods for increasing hydrocarbon recovery, physicochemical properties of reservoir fluids and working agents, design indicators, hydrocarbon recovery factors, displacement, coverage by reservoir power and area, waterflood coverage, coefficient well operation and / or depending on the economic indicators of the produced fluids and the resources required for this.  13. The method according to p. 1, characterized in that the optimal mode of operation of each of the operational facilities is provided by adjusting the bottomhole and reservoir pressure, reaching its maximum hydrocarbon recovery, and / or maximum hydrocarbon production, and / or design bottomhole or reservoir pressure, and / or the optimal gas or water content of the extracted products, and / or the minimum cost of the extracted products, and / or the maximum profit or flow of real money.  14. The method according to p. 1, characterized in that the optimal operating mode of the well as a whole is found by adjusting the operating mode of each of the production facilities, achieving the optimal bottomhole pressure, and / or the optimal production rate for each of the production facilities, and / or the equality of changes in production rates hydrocarbons with equal changes in pressure in the well installation, and / or maximum hydrocarbon production, and / or optimal gas factor, and / or optimal water cut of produced products, and / or minimum cost obyvaemoy products and / or maximum profit, and / or maximum real money flow, and / or equal flow rate changes hydrocarbons for the group of wells at equal gas flow rate changes or working agent.  15. The method according to p. 1, characterized in that the space formed between the well and the pipe string, where there is no fluid movement, is filled with an inert or heat-insulating medium.  16. The method according to p. 1 or 15, characterized in that they lower the additional pipe string, leaving it loose or connecting to the upper section.  17. The method according to p. 1, characterized in that they select from one operational facility various types of products, directing their flows through one or different channels of the section and / or through one or more pipe columns.  18. The method according to p. 1 or 17, characterized in that gas and liquid are taken from one operational object, and part of the gas is directed through an additional upper channel of the section or gas pipe, and the selection of liquid is carried out through the lower channel of the section, while the other part of gas sent to the pipe string along with the liquid.  19. A downhole installation for implementing the method, consisting of a string of pipes with one or more packers, characterized in that the installation is equipped with sections located above and / or below the packer with technical parameters made depending on the geological and field characteristics of the corresponding operational facilities, moreover, each section includes at least one borehole chamber and / or one nipple with a flow control valve placed in them, with at least one or more packers on top of the main scheny disconnector pipe string and / or telescopic connection.  20. The downhole installation according to claim 19, characterized in that the section corresponding to the lower production facility is additionally equipped with adapters, and / or a sand collector, and / or a blind or shear plug, and / or a shear or removable plug, and / or perforator.  21. The downhole installation according to claim 19, characterized in that the control flow valve is in the form of a removable flow or pressure regulator "Before" or "After", or a differential pressure regulator, or a flow temperature regulator, or a fitting valve, or jamming valves, or blind plugs.  22. The downhole installation according to p. 21, characterized in that the valve that controls the flow is made in the form of a removable two-way controller, providing the opposite direction of flow.  23. The downhole installation according to claim 19, characterized in that it is additionally equipped with a pipe string, and / or one or more pumps, and / or a liner, and / or gas pipe, and / or a heater, and / or a wave emitter, and / or punch.  24. The downhole installation according to claim 19, characterized in that the sections are installed sequentially one after another, connected or disconnected from each other and / or sections are installed in separate branches of a branched well.  25. The downhole installation according to claim 19, characterized in that the pipe string is made with a constant or variable cross-section of one or different material.

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