RU2208203C2 - Installation for pyrolysis of waste of composite materials - Google Patents

Abstract

FIELD: salvaging of products and reclamation of waste of production of articles of composite materials on the basis of organoplastics and carbonplastics, applicable for salvaging of rocket members (and nozzles of solid-propellant rocket engines compartments), articles which have completed their activity cyclone, as well as of solid domestic and industrial garbage. SUBSTANCE: the installation has a pyrolysis chamber and a system for detoxication of the combustion products, consisting of an afterburner chamber with a zirconic catalytic packing installed at the outlet of the afterburner chamber and at the inlet of the unit of homogeneous reduction of nitrogen oxides and mounted with them in the unit, gas condenser, adsorber, fibrous filter. The adsorber is made of two compartments, on of which is filled with adsorbent of activated carbons AP, the other is filled with brown-coal semicoke. The fibrous filter has three cleaning stages with holders of lavsan monofilament and propylene felt. The afterburner chamber with a zirconic catalytic packing and the unit of homogeneous reduction, gas condenser, adsorber, fibrous filter are series-connected to the pyrolysis chamber and to one another. EFFECT: provided environment safety of reclamation of composite materials. 1 dwg

Description

 The invention relates to the field of disposal of products and production waste products from composite materials based on organoplastics and carbon plastics and can be used for the disposal of components and elements of rockets (bodies and nozzles of solid propellant rocket engines, compartments), products that have completed their life cycle, as well as solid household and industrial waste.

 Thermal methods for the neutralization of industrial solid waste and plants for their implementation are widely known (Bespamyatnov G.P., Bogushevskaya K.K. et al. "Technical methods for the disposal of waste", L., "Chemistry", 1975).

 Also known are furnaces and plants for the thermal processing and pyrolysis of solid waste (a.s. 699287, F 23 G 5/00, a.s. 877236, F 23 G 5/00; ac 1038721, F 23 C 5/00; ac 1364828, F 23 G 5/027, ac 1679140, F 23 G 5/027; RF patent 2015454, F 23 G 7/00).

 Closest to the claimed invention is a method of processing organic radioactive waste (RF patent 2130209, G 21 F 9/32, 1999) by burning them with subsequent purification of the exhaust gases.

 The disadvantage of this method is the incomplete neutralization of combustion products, in addition, after processing organic waste and converting radionuclides into a compact form, operations for their subsequent disposal or processing are required.

 An object of the invention is the elimination of harmful emissions into the atmosphere.

 The technical result is achieved by the fact that in the installation for the pyrolysis of waste composite materials, including a pyrolysis chamber and a neutralization system of combustion products, consisting of a afterburner, a site for the homogeneous reduction of nitrogen oxides, a gas cooler, an activated charcoal adsorber and a filter, the afterburner is equipped with a zirconium catalytic nozzle, installed at the outlet of the afterburner and at the inlet of the site for the homogeneous reduction of nitrogen oxides and mounted with them in the same unit. The filter is made of fibrous with three stages of cleaning with cassettes of dacron monofilament and propylene felt. The adsorber is made up of two compartments, one of which is filled with an adsorbent of activated charcoal of the AR brand, the other is filled with lignite semi-coke, while the afterburner with a zirconium catalytic nozzle and a homogeneous reduction unit, a gas cooler, an adsorber, a fiber filter are connected in series with the pyrolysis chamber and with each other .

 By trapping and neutralizing harmful emissions, the pyrolysis of composite materials is ensured.

 The drawing shows a schematic diagram of the installation of the pyrolysis of organo-and carbon fiber materials.

 The installation comprises a pyrolysis chamber 1 and elements of a combustion product neutralization system consisting of a afterburner 2, a zirconium catalytic nozzle 3, a homogeneous reduction unit 4, a gas cooler 5, an adsorber 6, a fiber filter 7, a smoke exhauster 8, and a smoke one, connected in series with it and with each other pipes 9.

 The design features of the installation is that the zirconium catalytic nozzle 3 is installed at the outlet of the afterburner 2 and at the entrance to the homogeneous reduction unit 4 and is mounted with them in the same unit.

 The adsorber consists of two compartments, one of which is filled with an adsorbent from a mixture of activated carbon AR grade (GOST 8703-74), and the other is filled with lignite semi-coke.

 The fiber filter 7 has three stages of cleaning, consisting of cassettes with lavsan monofilament and propylene felt.

 Installation works as follows.

Pyrolysis gases through the flues are sent from the chamber 1 to the afterburner 2, in which the oxidation of difficult to decompose substances is provided. Further, the gases pass through a zirconium catalytic nozzle 3, where unburned hydrocarbons and CO are oxidized. At the site of homogeneous reduction 4, nitrogen oxides are reduced. After a homogeneous reduction unit, the gases are cooled in a gas cooler 5 and fed to an adsorber 6, in the first compartment of which polychlorinated dioxins and organic compounds are trapped by adsorbent AR, in the second compartment, acidic components are captured by brown coal semi-coke: chlorides, fluorides, sulfur oxides and NO _x compounds. The purified gases then enter the fiber filter 7, in which the first stage traps soot formations, partly chlorides, fluorides, the second one neutralizes acidic components, and the third traps drip moisture. After the fiber filter 7, gases through the exhaust fan 8 exit into the chimney 9, and the liquid components through the collection system enter the neutralization station.

 Using the installation for the pyrolysis of waste composite materials allows for the environmentally friendly destruction and processing of organo and carbon fiber materials.

 The economic efficiency of the invention is to prevent environmental damage from the burning of organo- and carbon fiber reinforced plastics in the open air and the burial of unburned residues at special landfills.

Claims (1)

 Installation for the pyrolysis of composite materials waste, including a pyrolysis chamber and a combustion product neutralization system, consisting of a afterburner, a unit for the homogeneous reduction of nitrogen oxides, a gas cooler, an activated carbon adsorber and a filter, characterized in that the afterburner is equipped with a zirconium catalytic nozzle installed at the outlet from the afterburner and at the inlet of the site for the homogeneous reduction of nitrogen oxides and mounted in the same block with them, the filter is made of fibrous with three steps and cleaning with cassettes of lavsan monofilament and propylene felt, the adsorber is made up of two compartments, one of which is filled with adsorbent from activated charcoal grade AR, the other is filled with brown semi-coke, while the afterburner with a zirconium catalytic nozzle and a homogeneous reduction unit, gas cooler, adsorber, a fiber filter is connected in series with the pyrolysis chamber and with each other.