RU2206885C2 - Method of passive distant tv identification of objects - Google Patents

Abstract

FIELD: identification of aircraft under combat conditions. SUBSTANCE: shortcoming of visual distant identification of aircraft even with the aid of high-resolution TV cameras lies in fact that they do not provide for identification at ranges more than 10-12 km. Proposed method makes it feasible to raise identification range to 160-330 km thanks to remote measurement of spectral characteristic of combustion products in exhaust gases with the help of video spectrometer. EFFECT: increase identification range.

Description

 The present invention relates to the field of television technology, and in it to methods for remote identification of objects.

There are a fairly large number of methods for remote identification of objects. The most common are two of them:
- a visual way of identifying an object (the so-called "recognition);
- radar method of identifying an object. The visual method of identifying an object is carried out either directly or using television (thermal imaging) systems. The visual method has the following disadvantages:
- a small distance with the passive version, i.e. when identifying an object by appearance;
- the need to use special alarms to increase the identification distance (signal lights, etc.).

 The radar identification method is not passive and cannot be used in combat to identify "friend or foe", because unmasks the plane that is performing identification.

 In combat conditions, the use of a light alarm to increase the range of passive identification is impossible, therefore, recognition can only be done visually. To increase the range it is possible to use high-definition television (thermal imaging) systems.

For the prototype of the passive method of identifying an object, a visual version was adopted using television means [2]. These television means include a radiation receiver in the form of a television camera. This method makes it possible to double the visual resolution of the television system, which will double the identification range. However, even in this case, the identification range is limited: assuming the angle of view of the television camera is 2 ^o , the number of television elements per line is 1000, the target size is 6 m, the number of television elements per image of the target is 15, we obtain the maximum estimated visual identification range 11459 m. Given the influence of the atmosphere (haze, fog, etc.), the actual range will be even less.

 The present invention allows passive identification at a considerable distance, without endangering the detection of an aircraft that performs identification.

 The essence of the proposed method is as follows.

 The spectral characteristic of the fuel combustion products contained in the exhaust gases in the aircraft engine, taken as an identifiable object, carries a complete description of the chemical composition of this fuel. Therefore, if we add a small amount of a marking additive to this fuel - an identifying substance with a clearly defined spectral characteristic, then, after analyzing the spectral characteristics of the combustion products, we will be able to distinguish “our” airplane from “someone else's”. By changing the identifier substance at certain intervals, it is possible to exclude the possibility of the enemy using the same additives to mask.

However, it is impossible to conduct spectral studies at large distances, in combat conditions, using a chromatograph for the following reasons:
- the chromatograph determines the spectral characteristics by scanning over the entire spectral range, and the measurement time is unacceptably long for combat conditions;
- the chromatograph does not provide information about the spatial position of the aircraft, the spectral characteristics of the fuel of which are measured.

 It is advisable to perform remote measurement of spectral characteristics using a video spectrometer [1], which does not have the above disadvantages, because it has a short measurement time (less than 1 s) and makes it possible to determine the bearing to the target whose characteristics are determined. In addition, using a video spectrometer, it is possible not only to determine the spectral characteristic of the radiation, but also to measure the relative intensity of the spectral components of the radiation. Using a video spectrometer will additionally solve the problem of increasing the identification range of "friend or foe", because for carrying out spectral analysis, an image size of 1-0.5 television elements is sufficient. Thus, the range of passive identification will increase by 15-30 times, i.e. to a range of 160-330 km. In addition, the spectral range of measurements can be increased to 14 microns.

List of sources used
1. A method of measuring the spectral characteristics of reflection or radiation of an object at any point in its television image and a video spectrometer that implements this method in real or conventional time scale. RF patent 2140719.

 2. A method of obtaining a high-definition television image in a camera on conventional CCDs and a device for implementing this method. RF patent 2143789.

Claims (1)

 The method of spectrometric detection in the exhaust gas of an internal combustion engine of a marking additive located in the spectral range of a spectrometer containing a radiation detector, characterized in that the spectrometer remotely responds to the spectral radiation of the exhaust gas itself, using a television camera as a radiation detector as part of a video spectrometer, and the source material for the formation in the exhaust gas of the marking additive, an identifier substance is used, which is introduced into the fuel in advance I have an internal combustion.