RU2202019C2 - Glued paper and use of glued paper in high-speed reprocessing or reprography processes - Google Patents

Abstract

FIELD: pulp-and-paper industry. SUBSTANCE: method involves stages of manufacturing paper glued in alkaline medium by means of alkenyl succinic anhydride and 2-oxetanone, which is in non-solid state at temperature of 20-35 C, and using paper in high-speed reprocessing and reprography processes. Another method involves manufacturing paper in alkaline medium including stages of producing gluing substance comprising alkenyl succinic anhydride and 2-oxetanone, which is in non-solid state at temperature of 35 C, and gluing paper by means of said gluing substance. EFFECT: increased extent of gluing, reduced expenses due to decreased consumption reactants and reduced number of process stages. 29 cl, 2 dwg, 3 tbl, 3 ex

Description

 The present invention relates to methods of use in high-speed processing or reprography processes of alkaline glued paper.

 The quantity of fine paper produced under alkaline conditions is rapidly increasing, which is facilitated by the saving of production costs, the possibility of using precipitated calcium carbonate, the increased need for improved paper performance and brightness, and the tendency to close the wet part of the paper machine.

 In many areas of the modern application of fine paper, special attention must be paid to sizing before processing or use for the ultimate purpose. Examples include high-speed photocopying, envelope, letterhead, and document paper, including paper for computer printers and paper for computers. The most commonly used sizing agents for fine paper made under alkaline conditions are alkenyl succinic anhydride (AAA) and an alkyl ketene dimer (AKD). Sizing agents of both types contain reactive functional groups, which are believed to covalently bind to cellulose fiber, and hydrophobic tail parts, which are oriented from the fiber. The nature and orientation of these hydrophobic tail parts causes the fiber to repel water.

Technical AKDs containing a β-lactone ring (also known as a 2-oxetanone ring) are obtained by dimerization of alkyl ketenes derived from acid chlorides of two saturated straight chain fatty acids, the most widely used products being obtained from palmitic and / or stearic acid. Industrial applications are also other ketene dimers, ketene dimer such as the alkenyl based (Aquapel ^® 421 product company Hercules Incorporated, Wilmington, Del., USA).

 Technical sizing substances based on AA are prepared by the reaction of maleic anhydride with olefins, each of which contains from about 14 to about 22 carbon atoms.

 Although AAA and AKD sizing agents have been successfully used in industry, they have disadvantages. AGNs often cause deposits to form on the paper machine equipment, resulting in paper breaks and holes in the paper. Adding AAA in amounts of about 2.0-2.5 lb / tonne of paper typically results in unacceptable paper machine performance and paper quality problems. However, sizing paper of those grades that are made with a high filler content often requires their addition in amounts greater than 2.0-2.5 pounds / ton of paper. Finally, since an AA in the form of emulsions cannot be transported and stored for long periods of time, the paper manufacturer is forced to prepare the emulsion immediately before use.

 As for AKD-based adhesives, the most frequently cited drawback is the speed at which the sizing manifests itself in a paper machine. A long curing period is often required to complete sizing.

The use of sizing agents of both types, in particular AKD type, is associated with paper handling problems in typical processing processes in high-speed equipment, which are necessary in modern applications of fine paper made under alkaline conditions (called alkaline fine paper). These problems include lower process speeds in office printing machines and other processing machines, double sheet and jam feed in high-speed copying and duplicating machines, and alignment errors in high-speed printing and folding equipment. Recently, 2-oxetanone sizing agents were introduced that are at 35 ^o C are not solid (e.g., a sizing agent Precis ^® 2000 from Hercules Incorporated, Wilmington, Del.), Intended for solving the problems in handling the paper in high speed converting processes.

 The definition of one of these problems in paper handling in high-speed processing processes and the measurement system for it are presented in Improving the Converting and End Use Performance of Alkaline Fine Paper, published in TAPPI 1994 Paper Makers Conference Proceedings, Book 1 (1994), from. 155-163, the contents of which are incorporated into this description by reference. This problem arises when the IBM 3800 high-speed laser device is used for printing endless forms, which is not equipped with special modifying devices designed to simplify the handling of alkaline fine paper. Thus, this technically important laser printing device can serve as an effective testing device for determining the processability of various types of glued paper on the processing equipment corresponding to the current state of the art and its operating characteristics for subsequent targeted use. So, in particular, the phenomenon of “wave formation” is a measurable indicator of the degree of paper runnability in the IBM 3800 printing device between an unknown roll after the fuser unit and a driven roll above the pick-and-place unit.

 Such wave formation includes a deviation of the paper path from a straight line between these rolls, which rises two inches (5 cm) above the base plate, causing alignment errors and wrinkles when lowering in the pick-and-place assembly. The degree of wave formation during operation in stationary mode is measured as the height of the waves in inches relative to the rectilinear path of paper movement after 600 from the time of work and multiplied by 10000.

 Typical alkaline fine paper glued with AKD, with an adhesive consumption of more than 2.2 lbs / ton (1 kg / 0.9 metric tons) of paper, often exhibits an unacceptable degree of wave formation, typically around 20-80. Determining the suitability of paper for handling it on other high-speed processing equipment, such as the Hamilton-Stevens endless-form machine and the Winkler & Dunnebier CH folding machine for envelope manufacturing, also provides numerical expressions for processability.

 EP 0 629 741 A-1 describes a paper sized with a 2-oxetanone sizing agent, which is a mixture of an alkyl ketene dimer and 2-oxetanone multimers with different molecular weights. This paper exhibits a degree of sizing that is compatible with the degree of sizing achieved using modern adhesives based on alkyl ketene dimer and alkenyl succinic anhydride and demonstrates improved processability in high-speed processing and reprographic machines.

US 5685815 and EP 0666368 describe paper that is glued with a 2-oxetanone sizing agent and which does not cause problems with feeding high speed processing and reprographic machines to the equipment. At temperatures below 35 ^o With this 2-oxetanone sizing substance is a liquid, it is obtained from fatty acids characterized by structural heterogeneities in their hydrocarbon chains, such as carbon-carbon double bonds or chain branching.

 The closest analogue of the claimed invention is patent EP 666368.

No. 5,725,731 discloses sizing compositions for fine paper that do not cause feeding problems in high speed processing processes. At a temperature of 35 ^o With such sizing compositions are not solids and are a mixture of 2-oxetanone compounds, which are the product of the interaction of a mixture of saturated and unsaturated fatty acids.

 US 5407537 describes a method of using synthetic reactive sizing compounds, the implementation of which eliminates the use of an emulsifier and reduces the hydrolysis of the sizing substance during its stay in the process water. Preferred synthetic reactive sizing agents are alkenyl succinic anhydrides, the alkenyl groups of which contain 8 to 16 carbon atoms. The possibility of using mixtures of alkenyl succinic anhydrides and alkyl ketene dimers is described.

 GB 2252984 A discloses a sizing composition which is a mixture of 3-50 wt.% Alkyl ketene dimer and 97-50 wt.% Alkyl or alkenyl cyclic anhydride.

 SE 893906 describes liquid packaging board glued with combinations of an alkyl ketene dimer and alkenyl succinic anhydride.

 Alkyl ketene dimers described in US 5407537, GB 2252984 A and SE 893906, are solid alkyl ketene dimers.

 The objective of the invention is to create alkaline fine paper, which exhibits improved characteristics when handling it in typical processing processes and reprographic processes. At the same time, the indicator of the manifestation of sizing should be compatible with the indicator of manifestation of sizing, achieved with the current consumption of 2-oxetanone or AAA added to alkaline fine paper.

The problem is solved by the method of using paper in high-speed processing or reprography processes, including the production of paper glued under alkaline conditions with alkenyl succinic anhydride (AAA) and 2-oxetanone, which is not in the solid state at 35 ^o C, and the subsequent use of paper in high-speed processing or reprography. A preferred 2-oxetanone sizing agent comprises at least one 2-oxetanone compound, which is a reaction product in a reaction mixture comprising an unsaturated monocarboxylic fatty acid. The term "fatty acid" is used for convenience as denoting a fatty acid or fatty acid halide.

Another object of the invention is a method of making paper under alkaline conditions, comprising the steps of producing a sizing agent, including alkenyl succinic anhydride (AAA) and 2-oxetanone, which is not in a solid state at 35 ^{° C.} , and sizing the paper with this sizing agent.

 Mostly the paper is sized with a sizing agent in bulk.

 Another object of the invention is paper made in the manner described above.

In FIG. Figures 1 and 2 show graphs of the degree of sizing during natural aging achieved with several added amounts of (a) 2-oxetanone, which is not in a solid state at 35 ^° C, (b) alkenyl succinic anhydride (AAA) and (c) mixtures of AGA with 2 -oxetanone, which at 35 ^o C is not in a solid state.

 Hereinafter, the term "fatty acid" is used for convenience as denoting a fatty acid or a fatty acid halide. An ordinary person skilled in the art should bear in mind that this term is used in the present description when referring to fatty acids intended for use in the preparation of sizing compositions, since the fatty acids are converted into acid halides, preferably acid chlorides, in the first stage of obtaining 2- oxetanone compounds, and that the invention can be carried out on the basis of fatty acids or those fatty acids that are already converted into halides of these acids. Moreover, it is already known to one of ordinary skill in the art that "fatty acids" are usually referred to as either pure fatty acids or fatty acid halides or combinations or mixtures of fatty acids or fatty acid halides, since fatty acids are usually obtained from natural sources and they therefore, are usually combinations or mixtures.

The 2-oxetanones of the present invention are described in US Pat. Nos. 5,685,815 and 5,725,731. 2-oxetanones, which may be a mixture of 2-oxetanones, are not in the solid state at 35 ^° C (are essentially neither crystalline, nor semi-crystalline, nor wax-like solids, i.e., when heated, they are deformed without releasing heat of fusion). In a preferred embodiment, the 2-oxetanones are not solid at 25 ^o C, and more preferably, are not solid at 20 ^o C. In a still more preferred embodiment, at 35 ^o C. 2-oxetanones are liquid, preferably a liquid at 25 ^o C, and most preferably are liquids at 20 ^o C.

в которой предпочтительно n обозначает 0-6, более предпочтительно 0-3, а наиболее предпочтительно 0; R и R", которые могут быть одинаковыми или различными, обозначают насыщенные или ненасыщенные прямоцепочечные или разветвленные алкильные группы, содержащие 8-24 углеродных атома; а R' обозначает насыщенную или ненасыщенную прямоцепочечную или разветвленную алкильную группу, содержащую 2-40 углеродных атомов, предпочтительно 4-32 углеродных атома, где по меньшей мере 25% групп R и R" в смеси соединений являются ненасыщенными.Used in accordance with the present invention, 2-oxetanones are a mixture of compounds of the following general class:

in which preferably n is 0-6, more preferably 0-3, and most preferably 0; R and R ", which may be the same or different, denote saturated or unsaturated straight chain or branched alkyl groups containing 8-24 carbon atoms; and R 'denote a saturated or unsaturated straight chain or branched alkyl group containing 2-40 carbon atoms, preferably 4-32 carbon atoms, where at least 25% of the R and R "groups in the mixture of compounds are unsaturated.

 Such 2-oxetanones can be a mixture of 2-oxetanone compounds, which are the reaction product formed in the reaction mixture, including unsaturated monocarboxylic fatty acids. Further, the reaction mixture may further include saturated monocarboxylic fatty acids, or dicarboxylic acids, or their halides.

 The preferred reaction mixture for preparing a mixture of 2-oxetanone compounds is at least 25% by weight of unsaturated monocarboxylic fatty acids, and more preferably at least 70% by weight of unsaturated monocarboxylic fatty acids.

 Preferred unsaturated monocarboxylic fatty acids introduced into the reaction mixture to produce 2-oxetanone compounds contain 10-26 carbon atoms, more preferably 14-22 carbon atoms, and most preferably 16-18 carbon atoms. Such acids include, for example, oleic, linoleic, dodecenoic, tetradecenoic (myristoleic), hexadecenoic (palmitoleic), octadecadienic (linoleleidic), octadecatrienic (linolenic), eicosene (gadoleic), ), trans-13-docosenoic (brassidic) and docosapentaenoic (clupanodonic) acids and acid halides of these acids, preferably acid chlorides. One or more monocarboxylic acids may be used. Preferred unsaturated monocarboxylic fatty acids are oleic, linoleic, linolenic and palmitoleic acids and acid halides of these acids. The most preferred unsaturated monocarboxylic fatty acids are oleic and linoleic acids and acid halides of these acids.

 Preferably, the reaction mixture comprises at least 25% by weight of oleic acid or its acid halide. More preferably, the reaction mixture comprises at least 70% by weight of oleic acid or its acid halide.

 It is advisable, in particular, to use a reaction mixture comprising at least 25 wt.% Linoleic acid or its acid halide. Even more appropriate is the use of a reaction mixture containing at least 70 wt.% Linoleic acid or its halide.

 Preferably, the saturated monocarboxylic fatty acids used to prepare the 2-oxetanone compounds used in the practice of the present invention contain 10-26 carbon atoms, more preferably 14-22 carbon atoms, and most preferably 16-18 carbon atoms. These acids include, for example, stearic, isostearic, myristic, palmitic, margaric, pentadecanoic, decanoic, undecanoic, dodecanoic, tridecanoic, nonadecanoic, arachic and behenic acids and their halides, preferably acid chlorides. One or more saturated monocarboxylic fatty acids may be used. Preferred acids are palmitic or stearic or their halides.

Preferred alkyl dicarboxylic acids used in the preparation of 2-oxetanone compounds for use in the practice of the present invention contain 6-44 carbon atoms, more preferably 8-36, and even more preferably 9, 10, 22 or 36 carbon atoms. Such dicarboxylic acids include, for example, sebacic, azelaic acids, 1,10-dodecane acid, cork, brazilic acid, docosanadic acid and dimeric C ₃₆ acids, for example, the product EMPOL 1008 from Henkel-Emery, Cincinnati, pcs. Ohio, USA, and their acid halides, preferably acid chlorides. One or more of these dicarboxylic acids may be used. Dicarboxylic acids with 9-10 carbon atoms are more preferred. The most preferred dicarboxylic acids are sebacic and azelaic acids.

 When dicarboxylic acids are used in the preparation of the 2-oxetanones used in the practice of the present invention, the preferred maximum molar ratio of dicarboxylic acid to monocarboxylic acid (both saturated and unsaturated in total) is about 5. A more preferred maximum value is about 4, and most preferred maximum is about 2.

 A mixture of 2-oxetanone compounds can be prepared in accordance with methods known for the preparation of standard ketene dimers. In a first step, from a mixture of fatty acids or a mixture of fatty acids with dicarboxylic acid using PCL or another halogenating, preferably chlorinating, acid halides, preferably acid chlorides, are obtained. Further, in the presence of tertiary amines (including trialkylamines and cyclic alkylamines), preferably triethylamine, acid halides are converted to ketenes. Then ketene residues dimerized to obtain the target compounds.

 Alkenyl succinic anhydrides (AAA) used to mix with 2-oxetanones in the practice of the present invention are described by C.E. Parley and R.B. Wasser in "The Sizing of Paper, Second Edition," edited by W.F. Reynolds, Tappi Press, 1989, ss. 51-62, which is incorporated herein by reference. AAs are composed of unsaturated hydrocarbon chains containing side residues of succinic anhydride. Typically, liquid AAs that are preferred for carrying out the methods of the present invention are prepared according to a two-step process using alpha-olefin as starting material. Initially, the olefin isomerized by the disordered movement of the double bond from the alpha position. In the second stage, the isomerized olefin is reacted with an excess of maleic anhydride to give the final AAA structure, which is shown in the following reaction scheme.

Если стадию изомеризации исключить, могут быть получены АЯА, которые при комнатной температуре находятся в твердом состоянии.

If the isomerization step is excluded, AA can be obtained which are in the solid state at room temperature.

In a preferred embodiment, alpha-olefins in the range of C ₁₄ -C ₂₂ , which may be linear or branched, are used as starting materials. In view of the objectives of the present invention, more preferred AAs are obtained by reacting maleic anhydride with olefins containing 14-18 carbon atoms. Typical AAA structures are presented in US Pat. No. 4,040,900, which is incorporated herein by reference.

 A wide variety of nuclear weapons are technically available from Albemarle Corporation, Baton Rouge, PC. Louisiana.

 Typical starting olefins used in the present invention for reaction with maleic anhydride in the manufacture of AA include octadecene, tetradecene, hexadecene, eicodecene, 2-n-hexyl-1-octene, 2-n-octyl-1-dodecene, 2-n- octyl-1-decene, 2-n-dodecyl-1-octene, 2-n-octyl-1-octene, 2-n-octyl-1-nonene, 2-n-hexyl-1-decene and 2-n- heptyl-1-octene.

 In mixtures of AA with 2-oxetanone, the preferred maximum weight ratio between 2-oxetanone and AA is not more than about 9: 1. A more preferred maximum does not exceed about 4: 1, and a most preferred does not exceed about 2: 1. The preferred minimum ratio between 2-oxetanone and AA is at least 1: 9. A more preferred minimum is at least about 1: 4, and a most preferred minimum is at least about 1: 2.

 Typically, the adhesives of the present invention are used in the form of dispersions or emulsions, which can be prepared by methods well known in the art. In a preferred embodiment, the adhesives are used as bulk sizing agents, i.e. they are introduced into the paper pulp before the outflow of the paper web. AAA and 2-oxetanone sizing components can be pre-mixed or added separately prior to administration.

 In a preferred embodiment, the paper of the present invention is sized with a total consumption of added adhesives (i.e., AAA plus 2-oxetanone) of at least 0.5 pounds (0.2 kg), more preferably at least about 1.5 pounds (0 8 kg), and most preferably at least about 2.2 lbs / ton (1 kg / 0.9 metric tons) or more. It can be, for example, an endless form for printing documents for various purposes, a perforated endless office form, paper for calculating devices or envelope paper, as well as recycled products such as copy paper and envelopes.

 In a preferred embodiment, the alkaline paper made in accordance with the method of the present invention includes a water-soluble inorganic salt of an alkali metal, preferably sodium chloride (NaCl). However, the paper of the present invention is often also made without NaCl.

Compared to the method in which the paper is sized with either only one AAA or with only one 2-oxetanone, which is not solid at 35 ^° C, using paper in high-speed processing and reprography processes, the method of the present invention has several advantages. Firstly, when the moderate to low adhesive is used, the paper of the present invention during natural aging (gluing after aging for 7 days at room temperature) exhibits a higher degree of sizing than paper glued with an equivalent amount of 2-oxetanone, which at 35 ^o C is not in solid state. Secondly, paper is made with fewer deposits formed in a paper machine than in the case when the paper is produced at an equal rate during sizing using AAA glue. Thirdly, in the case of an AA with 2-oxetanone, which is not in the solid state at 35 ^° C, improved sizing is achieved in the machine than is achieved using only 2-oxetanone, which is not in the solid state at 35 ^{° C.} Often this is important for the performance of the paper machine.

 In addition, the method of the present invention also has an advantage over the method in which the paper is sized using AAA and solid alkyl ketene dimers. When a solid alkyl ketene dimer is used, specially designed equipment is necessary to melt this alkyl ketene dimer in order to prepare aqueous dispersions. When using liquid 2-oxetanone, this melting step is optional.

The paper of the present invention does not cause feeding problems in the machine in the case of high-speed processing machines and reprographic processes. In particular, the paper of the present invention can be produced in the form of an endless roll for printing documents for various purposes at a density of from about 15 to 24 pounds / 1300 ft ² (6.8-10.9 kg / 121 m ² ), it is glued at a rate adding at least about 1.5 lb / t (0.68 kg / 0.9 metric tons), after which it can be used with the IBM Model 3800 high-speed laser device for printing endless shapes without any significant problems. with feed into the car.

Further, a preferred paper according to the invention from which sheets of 8 1/2 / 11 inches (21.6 cm • 28 cm) in size can be made of reprographic cut paper with a density of about 15-24 pounds / 1300 feet ² (6.8 -10.9 kg / 121 m ² ), can be used when working with a high-speed laser printing or copying machine. When the paper is sized with a total consumption of added adhesives (i.e., AAA plus 2-oxetanone), which is preferably at least about 1.5 lbs / ton (0.68 kg / 0.9 metric tons), and more preferably at least about 2.2 pounds (1 kg / 0.9 metric tons), it can be used with the IBM Model 3825 High Speed Copy and Copy Machine without causing feed disruptions or jams in the amount of more than 5 out of 10,000 sheets, preferably no more than 1 in 10,000 sheets.

 For comparison, paper glued with a standard AKD is characterized by a much increased double-sheet feed in the IBM 3825 high-speed copying and duplicating machine (14 double-sheet feeds out of 14250 sheets). In the course of a regular copying process, 10 feeds of 10,000 double sheets are considered unacceptable. The equipment manufacturer considers unacceptable 1 feeding of double sheets per 10,000 sheets.

Paper of the present invention in the form of a roll of document paper for endless office forms having a density of about 15-24 lbs / 1300 ft ² (6.8-10.9 kg / 121 m ² ) can be processed into a standard perforated endless office form in a machine for an endless office form with a machine speed of approximately 1300 to 2000 feet (390-600 m) per minute or more. A preferred paper of the present invention in the form of a roll of document paper for endless office forms having a density of about 15-24 lbs / 1300 ft ² (6.8-10.9 kg / 121 m ² ) and which is sized at a rate of adding at least at least 2.2 lb / t (1 kg / 0.9 metric tons), can be processed into a standard perforated endless office form in a Hamilton-Stevens machine for an endless office form at a machine speed of at least about 1775 feet (541 m) per minute, pre sim ilar at least about 1900 feet (579 meters) per minute.

It is also possible to make a roll of envelope paper from the paper of the present invention, the density of which is about 15-24 pounds / 1300 feet ² (6.8-10.9 kg / 121 m ² ) and which is sized at a rate of adding at least about 2 2 lbs / t (1 kg / 0.9 metric tons). This paper can be processed into envelopes at a speed of at least about 900 envelopes / min, preferably at least about 1000 envelopes / min, on a Winkler & Dunnebier CH folding machine for making envelopes.

 The paper of the present invention is capable of being transported in a high speed copying machine (IBM 3825) for sheet feeding at a speed of at least about 58 sheets / min with a double feed or jam feed rate of less than 1 in 10,000.

 The paper of the present invention is capable of moving in a high-speed laser printing device for endless office forms with the formation of waves whose height is at least about 10% less, preferably less than about 20%, of the wave heights that are generated when the same printing device a roll of document paper for endless office forms having the same density and glued with the same amount of AKD glue prepared from a mixture of stearin and palmiti oic acid after the 10-minute period of operation.

 The paper of the present invention is capable of being transported in a high speed copying machine (IBM 3825) for sheet feeding at a speed of about 58 sheets / min with a double feed or jam feed rate of at least about 50% less, preferably about 70% less than the number feeds of double sheets or jams, which is caused by running sheets of paper with the same density and glued with the same amount of AKD glue prepared from a stear mixture in the same copying machine oic acid and palmitic acid.

 The paper of the present invention can also be processed into a standard perforated endless office sheet in an endless office machine at a speed that is at least 3% higher, preferably higher at least 5%, than paper having the same density and sized with adding the same amount of AKD glue prepared from a mixture of stearic and palmitic acids.

Test methods
In all cases, unless otherwise indicated, quantities are expressed in mass parts, percent, etc.

Assessment paper in an IBM 3800 machine was made in a pilot paper machine. For the preparation of paper pulp, which goes to the production of typical endless forms for printing documents for various purposes (three parts of Southern hardwood kraft pulp and one part of softwood kraft pulp), they were ground using a two-disc refiner to the degree of grinding using a Canadian standard device (KSP) 425 ml Before adding filler (10% precipitated calcium carbonate with an average particle size) to the wood pulp, the pH, alkalinity and hardness of the pulp were adjusted using appropriate amounts of H ₂ SO ₄ , NaHCO ₃ , NaOH and CaCl ₂ , bringing the pH to 7.8-8 , 0, alkalinity up to 150-200 ppm and hardness up to 100 ppm).

2-oxetanone compounds were prepared according to the methods that are usually used to obtain technical oxetanone compounds, i.e. using a conventional chlorinating agent, acid chlorides are obtained from a mixture of fatty acids, and then these acid chlorides are dehydrochlorinated in the presence of a suitable base. The alkenyl succinic anhydride C ₁₆ -C ₁₈ obtained from Albemarle Corp., Baton Rouge, pc. Louisiana.

 Immediately before use according to the methods described by S.E. Farley and R.B. Wasser in "The Sizing of Paper, Second Edition," edited by W. F. Reynolds, Tappi Press, 1989, p. 51-62, which is incorporated herein by reference, prepared emulsions of AA / 2-oxetanone mixtures. These emulsions were prepared using Stalok 400 cationic starch (available from A.E. Staley Manufacturing Co., Decatur, Illinois) at a 3: 1 ratio between starch and sizing agent.

A sizing agent substituted with quaternary amino groups, cationic starch (0.75% for example 3 and 0.5% for examples 1 and 2), alum (0.2%) and a retention aid (0.025%) were added to the wet part. The temperature of the mass in the headbox and drain pan was maintained at 110 ^° F. (43.3 ^{° C.} ).

The gauge pressure in the dewatering machine was set at 40 psi. inch (2.8 kg / cm ² ). A drying cylinder profile was used in which 1-2% moisture at the size press site and 4-6% humidity when winding were achieved [at a speed of 77 ft / min (23.4 m / min)]. Approximately 35 lbs / ton (15.9 kg / 0.9 metric tons) of Stayco C oxidized corn starch (AEStaley Manufacturing Co., Decatur, Illinois) and 1 lb / ton (0.45 kg) were added at the size press site. / 0.9 metric tons) NaCl [130 ^o F (54.4 ^o C), pH 8]. The calender pressure and humidity during winding were controlled in order to achieve a Sheffield smoothness index of 150 flow units (column 2, upper left side).

A 35-minute roll of paper was taken and processed on an industrial machine for printing office forms in two boxes with standard forms 8 1/2 • 11 inches (21.6 • 28 cm). Before and after sampling each 35 minute roll, samples were also taken for sizing tests after natural aging and determination of density (46 lb / 3000 ft, 20.8 kg / 279 m ² ) and smoothness.

 Recycled paper was kept in the printing compartment for at least one day for acclimatization.

 The contents of each paper box made it possible to carry out a 10-14-minute [at a speed of 220 feet (66.7 m) per minute] evaluation in the IBM 3800. Tests of all samples were duplicated. To restore the initial conditions in the machine, after each evaluation, standard acid fine paper was run for at least two minutes.

 In order to establish whether a sizing agent helps to create technological difficulties in processing processes, paper was made in a pilot paper machine, processed into forms and then printed on them with an IBM 3800 high-speed printing device. The printing properties of paper in the IBM 3800 were used as an indicator recyclability. The height at which paper waves reach between two defined rolls in an IBM 3800 device and the speed at which waves are generated are specifically used to quantify the processability. The more stable and higher the wavelength of a sheet of paper, the worse the processability.

 The Hercules Test (IPG) is an industry standard test for sizing. In this method, an aqueous dye solution is used as the penetrating agent, which makes it possible to optically detect the front of the liquid as it moves through the sheet. The device measures the time it takes for the reflectivity of a sheet surface not in contact with the penetrating agent to drop to a predetermined level as a percentage of its initial level. In all cases, unless otherwise indicated, all IPG determination data are presented as the results of the measurement of time in seconds to achieve 80% reflectivity when using 1% formic acid paint mixed with naphthol green dye B. Use of this paint based on formic acid creates more stringent test conditions than in the case of neutral paint, and is characterized by a tendency to reduce test time. Higher IPGs are better than lower ones.

Example 1
In this example, a mixture of 2-oxetanone with alkenyl succinic anhydride was evaluated in a ratio of 1: 1 for sizing efficiency with several added quantities. For comparison, samples with only one 2-oxetanone or AAA were tested under the same conditions.

2-oxetanone was prepared according to conventional methods using Emersol-221 as the starting material. Emersol-221, available from Henkel-Emery, Cincinnati. Ohio has the following composition:
Oleic acid - 73%
Linoleic acid - 8%
Palmitoleic acid - 6%
Myristoleic acid - 3%
Linolenic acid - 1%
Saturated Fatty Acids - 9%
AA was a C16C18 alkenyl succinic anhydride obtained from Albemarle Corp., Baton Rouge, pc. Louisiana.

 These estimates are summarized in table 1 and graphically presented in figure 1. These data show that with equivalent amounts of added glue, the degree of sizing during natural aging for cases of mixtures of AA / 2-oxetanone is less than the degree of sizing in the case of only one AAA, but more than in the case of only one 2-oxetanone.

Example 2
In this example, mixtures of 2-oxetanone with alkenyl succinic anhydride were evaluated for sizing efficiency in two ratios and with several added quantities. For comparison, samples with only one 2-oxetanone sizing agent or AAA were tested under the same conditions.

 As 2-oxetanone and AA, the same products were used as in Example 1.

 The data are summarized in table 2 and graphically presented in figure 2. These data show that at ratios of 2-oxetanone / AAA 3: 1 and 65:35, the sizing degree in natural aging is less than the sizing degree in the case of only one AAA, but more than in the case of only 2-oxetanone added in an amount of less than approximately 2.75 lb / t

Example 3
In this example, we evaluated the effect of mixtures of 2-oxetanone with AA at 3 proportions on the ability to process alkaline fine paper, poorly processable, in the IBM 3800 device. In comparative experiment 3A, a Hercon ^® 70 sizing agent, a dispersion comprising an alkyl ketene dimer obtained from a mixture of palmitic and stearic acids, available from Hercules Incorporated, Wilmington, pc. Delaware. In the remaining experiments, the same materials were used as described in Example 1.

These estimates are summarized in table 3. These data show that using 2-oxetanone / AAA mixtures at all 3 ratios tested, paper was produced that was run in an IBM 3800 device with good to very good processability. Moreover, in the case of an added quantity of 3.0 lbs / ton, for all three test ratios, paper was produced which was run in an IBM 3800 with a processability that was better than paper made using the Hercon ^® 70 product.

 The examples provided in this description should not be construed as limiting the scope of the invention, as they are presented to illustrate some specific embodiments of the invention. A wide variety of modifications and embodiments of the present invention can be made without departing from the scope of the invention.

Claims (29)

1. The method of using paper in high-speed processing or reprography processes, including the manufacture of paper glued under alkaline conditions with alkenyl succinic anhydride (AAA) and 2-oxetanone, which is not in the solid state at 20-35 ^o C, and subsequent use of paper in high-speed processes processing or reprography.  2. The method according to claim 1, in which 2-oxetanone comprises at least one 2-oxetanone compound, which is a reaction product of a reaction mixture comprising an unsaturated monocarboxylic fatty acid.  3. The method according to claim 2, in which the reaction mixture comprises at least 25 wt.% Unsaturated monocarboxylic fatty acids.  4. The method according to claim 3, in which the reaction mixture comprises at least 70 wt.% Unsaturated monocarboxylic fatty acids.  5. The method according to any one of claims 2 to 4, wherein the unsaturated monocarboxylic fatty acid comprises one or more fatty acids selected from the group consisting of oleic, linoleic, dodecenoic, tetradecenoic (myristoleic), hexadecenoic (palmitoleic), octadecadienic (linoleleidine) , octadeca trienoic (linolenic), eicosenoic (gadoleic), eicosatetraenoic (arachidonic), cis-13-docosenoic (erucic), trans-13-docosenoic (brassidic) and docosapentaenoic (clupanodonic) acids and ethyl halide.  6. The method according to claim 5, in which the unsaturated monocarboxylic fatty acid includes one or more fatty acids selected from the group comprising oleic, linoleic, linolenic and palmitoleic acids and acid halides of these acids.  7. The method according to any one of claims 2 to 6, in which the reaction mixture comprises at least 25 wt.% Oleic acid or its acid halide.  8. The method according to claim 7, in which the reaction mixture comprises at least 70 wt.% Oleic acid or its halide.  9. The method according to any one of claims 2 to 8, in which the reaction mixture comprises at least 25 wt.% Linoleic acid or its anhydride.  10. The method according to claim 9, in which the reaction mixture comprises at least 70 wt.% Linoleic acid or its acid halide. 11. The method according to any one of claims 1 to 10, in which 2-oxetanone at 25 ^o With is not in the solid state. 12. The method according to any one of claims 1 to 11, in which 2-oxetanone is in a liquid state at 25 ^o C. 13. The method according to any one of claims 1 to 12, in which 2-oxetanone is in a liquid state at 20 ^o C.  14. The method according to any one of claims 2 to 13, wherein the reaction mixture further comprises saturated monocarboxylic fatty acid.  15. The method according to 14, in which the saturated monocarboxylic fatty acid comprises one or more fatty acids selected from the group consisting of stearic, isostearic, myristic, palmitic, margarine, pentadecanoic, decane, undecanoic, dodecanoic, tridecanoic, nonandecanoic and behenic acid and their anhydrides.  16. The method according to 14, in which the saturated monocarboxylic fatty acid includes palmitic or stearic acid or their halide.  17. The method according to any one of claims 2 to 16, wherein the reaction mixture further comprises dicarboxylic acid or its anhydride.  18. The method according to 17, in which the dicarboxylic acid comprises dicarboxylic acids containing 8-36 carbon atoms.  19. The method according to any one of claims 1 to 18, in which the AA is the product of the interaction of maleic anhydride with an olefin containing 14-18 carbon atoms.  20. The method according to p. 19, in which the AA is the product of the interaction of maleic anhydride with olefins selected from the group consisting of octadecene, tetradecene, hexadecene, eicodecene, 2-n-hexyl-1-octene, 2-n-octyl-1 -dedecene, 2-n-octyl-1-decene, 2-n-dodecyl-1-octene, 2-n-octyl-1-octene, 2-n-octyl-1-nonene, 2-n-hexyl-1 -decene and 2-n-heptyl-1-octene.  21. The method according to any one of claims 1 to 20, in which the ratio between 2-oxetanone and AA is not more than about 9: 1.  22. The method according to item 21, in which the ratio between 2-oxetanone and AA is not more than about 4: 1.  23. The method according to item 21, in which the ratio between 2-oxetanone and AA is not more than about 2: 1.  24. The method according to any one of claims 1 to 23, in which the ratio between 2-oxetanone and AA is at least about 1: 9.  25. The method according to p. 24, in which the ratio between 2-oxetanone and AA is at least about 1: 4.  26. The method according to p. 24, in which the ratio between 2-oxetanone and AA is at least about 1: 2. 27. A method of manufacturing paper under alkaline conditions, comprising the steps of producing a sizing agent, including alkenyl succinic anhydride and 2-oxetanone, which is not solid at 35 ^{° C.} , and sizing the paper with this sizing agent.  28. The method according to item 27, in which the paper is sized with a sizing agent in the mass.  29. Paper made according to the method according to item 27 or 28.

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