RU2200778C1 - Method of manufacturing nonwoven absorption material - Google Patents

Abstract

FIELD: absorption materials. SUBSTANCE: manufacture of nonwoven absorption material allows simplifying and intensifying process, widening air humidity range to absorb acid vapors and gases under low air convection due to preparation of a mixture of synthetic thermoplastic and ion-exchange fibers, formation of nonwoven cloth from mixed fibers, combining nonwoven cloth and fancy fabric, fastening combined material and simultaneously forming nap, needle incineration of material on the side of nonwoven mixed fiber cloth to a depth of 5-15 mm at density 100-300 cm^-1, and heat treatment for 1-5 min at 135-165 C. EFFECT: expanded manufacturing possibilities. 2 cl, 1 dwg, 1 tbl

Description

 The invention relates to the technology of nonwoven materials, and more particularly to methods for producing nonwoven materials from a mixture of thermoplastic and ion-exchange fibers having absorbing properties. The invention can be used in the manufacture of respiratory protection from toxic fumes and the adverse effects of metabolic products.

 A known method of manufacturing a non-woven material, including the formation of a multilayer canvas, stitched together with loops of warp weaving from canvas fibers containing a layer of modified polyamide fiber megalon and anion-exchange modified polyamide fiber. The multilayer canvas contains a layer of thermoplastic fiber - chlorin. As an anion-exchange modified polyamide fiber, it is used on the basis of a grafted copolymer of polycaproamide and polydimethylaminoethyl methacrylate [1]. The material has a high absorption capacity for acid gases and high barrier properties for dust particles. The disadvantage of this method is the low absorption capacity in conditions of low concentrations of acid gases and vapors with a relative humidity of less than 60%.

Closest to the technical nature of the claimed is a method of manufacturing an absorbent non-woven material, comprising forming a textile frame in the form of a canvas from a mixture of fibers containing 80-20 wt.% Anion-exchange fiber and a layer of thermoplastic fiber, bonding layers by knitting bundles of thermoplastic fibers with the simultaneous formation of pile loops from a modified polyamide fiber with a height of 8-12 mm and heat treatment at 70-90 ^o C for 90 s [2]. The density of the material flashing with loops along the length is 2.5-5.0 cm ^-1 .

 The disadvantage of this method is the complexity of the technology and the insufficient specific surface of mass transfer for sorption of gases and vapors and the inability to use the material as an absorber of acidic impurities at low concentrations and in conditions of relative humidity of less than 60%.

 The technical problem to which this invention is directed is the simplification and intensification of the process, the expansion of the air humidity range for the absorption of acidic vapors and gases in conditions of weak air convection.

The problem is solved in that in a method for producing an absorbing non-woven material, comprising preparing a mixture of synthetic thermoplastic and ion-exchange fibers, forming a non-woven canvas from a mixture of fibers, duplicating a non-woven canvas and a textile frame, bonding the duplicated material with the simultaneous formation of a pile and heat treatment, as a textile frame use a decorative fabric, tulle or net, bonding with the simultaneous formation of a pile is carried out by needle piercing from the side ona non-woven canvas from a mixture of fibers to a depth of 5-15 mm, density 100-300 cm ^-1 , and heat treatment is carried out at 135-165 ^o C for 1-5 minutes. In particular, to prepare a mixture of synthetic thermoplastic and ion-exchange fibers, polypropylene fiber is used as thermoplastic fibers, and fibers from synthetic polymers selected from the group of carboxyl-containing modified polyacrylonitrile in N or Na form, a modified copolymer of acrylonitrile and styrene in OH are used as ion-exchange fibers or CO ₃ in an amount of 75-95 wt.%.

 The invention is illustrated by the assembly scheme of the layers of material and examples.

 The drawing shows a diagram of the assembly of layers upon receipt of an absorbing non-woven material. 1 - textile frame made of decorative fabric, 2 - non-woven canvas from a mixture of synthetic thermoplastic and ion-exchange fibers, 3 - pile from synthetic ion-exchange (90-80%) and thermoplastic fibers.

 Example 1. Get a sample of absorbent non-woven material for decorative absorbent curtains and lambrequins intended for placement in clean rooms with a controlled air environment.

The preparation of fibrous raw materials is carried out on a schipal-sizing machine Щ3-140-Ш3. In front of the pinch-sizing machine, a bed is prepared from a modified fiber of a copolymer of acrylonitrile and styrene in CO ₃ form (FIBAN AK-22 fibers) - 90 wt.% And polypropylene fiber of linear density 0.33 tex - 10 wt.%. The fiber mixture is manually fed to the feed the lattice of the pinch machine, where it is dispersed, stirring the feed through the pneumatic pipeline into the storehouses. From the labase, the fibrous mixture is manually loaded into the self-weighing machine of the needle-punched unit.

 The production of a non-woven needle-punched decorative fabric is carried out on the AIN-1800 needle-punching unit consisting of a 4-IISh-I carding machine, a PPSh weaving machine, an IM-1800 needle-punching machine, and a URN-1VOO cutting and winding device.

The combing machine produces combing of the fibrous mixture to obtain an elementary fleece. Next, a fiber canvas of the required surface density is formed from the elementary fleece on the weaving transducer using a longitudinal-transverse conveyor. The formation of the combined structure of the decorative fabric is carried out on the feed conveyor of the needle punching machine as follows: a roll with frame material - colored curtain fabric with a coarse-mesh pattern (tulle) is installed on racks under the feed conveyor of the needle punching machine, fibrous canvas from a mixture of FIBAN fibers and polypropylene from the comb needle feed machine conveyor on top of the carcass fabric, with the front side of the carcass fabric facing the tram sporternomu web. The bonding of the combined structure is carried out in the zone of piercing the needle punching machine according to the following technological parameters:
- surface density of a fibrous canvas, g / sq.m - - 130
- width of a fibrous canvas, cm - - 180
- width of the frame web, cm - - 150
- piercing density, proc./square cm - - 180
- piercing depth, mm - - 10
- width of the finished canvas, cm - - 150
The finished fabric is wound into a roll.

The finished web rolls are manually fed to the ATU thermal shrink unit. The processing of the canvas is carried out according to the following parameters:
- temperature in the heat chamber - 145 ^o C,
- web speed - 0.7 m / min
After processing the canvas on the ATU unit, it shrinks in length and width by 2.7%.

 Samples are cut from the web for sorption tests and assessment of protective properties. To control the absorption capacity of the material, the static exchange capacity and the time of the protective action (time to the MPC breakthrough) are estimated during the absorption of acidic model ecotoxicants - hydrogen fluoride and sulfur oxide (IV). Ecotoxicants are absorbed on the test bench for accelerated tests using air flows characterized by an average linear velocity of 0.3-0.4 m / s. The aerodynamic resistance of the material is 12 Pa (see table).

 Example 2. Get a sample of an absorbing non-woven material according to example 1, but as a frame material using kapron decorative color mesh with a mesh size of 5 mm and a fraction of the open surface (porosity) 76%. The aerodynamic resistance of the material is 9 Pa. The static exchange capacity for hydrogen chloride, implemented on the bench at a relative humidity of 50% - 3.2 mEq / g.

Sources of information
1. A method of obtaining a protective non-woven material, US Pat. RF 1805152, cl. B 04 H 13/00, 1991

 2. Non-woven fabric. US Pat. RF 2077625, class D 04 H 13/00, 1997 - prototype.

Claims (2)

1. A method of producing an absorbent non-woven material, comprising preparing a mixture of synthetic thermoplastic and ion-exchange fibers, forming a non-woven canvas from a mixture of fibers, duplicating a non-woven canvas and a textile frame, bonding the duplicated material with the simultaneous formation of a pile and heat treatment, characterized in that use as a textile frame decorative fabric, tulle or net, bonding with the simultaneous formation of a pile is carried out by needle piercing from the side of the non-woven a hundred of a mixture of fibers to a depth of 5 - 15 mm, density 100 - 300 cm ^-1 , and heat treatment is carried out at 135 - 165 ^o C for 1 to 5 minutes. 2. A method of producing an absorbent non-woven material according to claim 1, characterized in that for preparing a mixture of synthetic thermoplastic and ion-exchange fibers, polypropylene fiber is used as thermoplastic fibers, and fibers from synthetic polymers selected from the group of carboxyl-containing modified polyacrylonitrile are used as ion-exchange fibers H- or Na-form, a modified copolymer of acrylonitrile and styrene in OH or CO ₃ form in an amount of 75-95 wt. %

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