RU2198777C2 - Machine tool for working flat surfaces - Google Patents

Abstract

FIELD: grinding of large-area flat surfaces, testing and marking high-accuracy plates. SUBSTANCE: machine tool has member for basing it in the form of foundation arranged without possibility of shifting in adjustable bearing units mounted on worked surface. Mechanism for moving grinding head is in the form of plate freely mounted on foundation with possibility of rotation relative to column mounted along rotation axis of machine tool and rigidly secured to foundation. Two discs carrying levers rigidly secured to them are mounted in bearing assemblies on plate and they are equally spaced from rotation axis of machine tool. Each lever carries counter-weight in one end. One lever carries grinding head in other end; second lever carries rotation drive unit of grinding head joined with it through belt transmission. Surface is worked by means of step mechanism according to previously worked surface. Rotation axis of machine tool is always normal relative to theoretical plane. EFFECT: high accuracy of working. 3 cl, 4 dwg

Description

 The invention relates to mechanical processing and can be used when grinding flat surfaces of great length, for example, when repairing metal-cutting equipment for processing guide rails without dismantling the latter, as well as for processing control and marking plates of high accuracy.

 The existing level of grinding machines does not give accuracy and productivity of processing flat surfaces, namely, guide beds and precision plates, since known devices, as a rule, repeat the existing plane shape during operation. To correct the profile in normal cases, it is necessary to take measurements, build a real profile and grind the upper deviations. These operations are repeated several times until a surface of a given accuracy is obtained, which reduces processing productivity.

 A mobile grinding machine is known for grinding the beds of metal-cutting machines on their foundations, in which its bed, which carries the grinding head, is mounted rotatably in a horizontal plane on a trolley equipped with wheels for moving the machine and jacks for its installation next to the work bed according to the level for work (83024 B 24 V 7/14, c. 1949).

 In this case, the grinding accuracy is determined by the total errors of the machine itself, which limits the processing accuracy. In addition, the length of the machined surface is limited under the same conditions. There is no possibility of processing wide surfaces such as plates. The construction is bulky, not all surfaces are available for processing.

 Known portable grinding machine for the processing of the guide beds of turning and other machines during repair with mechanical feed of the grinding wheel head along the grinding bed, which is provided with a rack and pinion mechanism, the drive gear of which is mounted on the bed, to ensure smooth automatic reciprocating movement of the grinding bed interchangeable guide rails that allow you to install the machine on the guide frame with different shapes and sizes (94094, z. 1951).

 This machine copies the existing surface during processing without correcting the existing shape errors. In addition, it limits the ability to handle wide guides. The construction is heavy and bulky.

 The closest analogue adopted for the prototype is a portable device for processing guide rails containing a traverse with an instrumental head mounted with the ability to move and basing mechanisms associated with the traverse (AS 1551523, op. 06.11.1990).

 The disadvantages of the device include uneven efforts. Depending on the movement of the head along the portal, the load on the supports of the baseline mechanism changes. This leads to deformation of the nodes, decreases the accuracy of processing. In addition, the device is bulky, heavy, complex structurally.

 The problem to which the invention is directed, is to create a machine with uniformly distributed forces at all support points under any grinding conditions, in any position of the head to ensure high accuracy, by ensuring high stability of the machine during processing and when reinstalling it for subsequent surface treatment .

 To solve the problem in a portable machine for processing flat surfaces containing a base element, a column, a grinding head with a drive, a mechanism for moving the grinding head mounted on the base element, the feed unit of the grinding head to the depth of cut, it is new that it is equipped with adjustable height with supports, two discs, levers with counterbalance weights, belt and gear transmissions, hinges, a rack, an element for fixing the position of the grinding head relative to the processed surface, with a device for controlling the perpendicularity of the axis of rotation of the machine to the theoretical plane and a handle, while the base element is made in the form of a base placed without the possibility of displacement on height-adjustable supports mounted on the work surface without the possibility of displacement, the mechanism for moving the grinding head is made in the form of a plate freely mounted on the base with the possibility of rotation relative to the column mounted along the axis of rotation of the machine and rigidly fixed to the base, on the pl those at an equal distance from the axis of rotation of the machine are freely mounted two disks with axles and with levers rigidly fixed to them, moreover, one of them has a grinding head at the end opposite the counterweight, and a grinding drive connected to the rotation of the grinding head at the end of the other with it by a belt drive, while the axis of each of the disks at one end is rigidly fixed in the plate, and at the other end it is pivotally connected to a stand pivotally mounted relative to the column on which the device for controlling the perpendicularity of the axis the rotation of the machine to the theoretical plane, and the handle is designed for simultaneous breeding by means of a gear transmission of levers carrying a grinding head and its drive. In addition, it is equipped with bearings used to install on them a plate placed on the base, and bearings used to install two disks with axles on them.

 The placement of counterweights of the grinding head movement mechanism on the disk levers ensures that any position of the levers does not create additional bending moments of the plate of the grinding head movement mechanism, and the connection of the axes of the disks by a common stand eliminates any local deformations of this plate due to the weight of the disks and levers located on it the edges. Through ball washers, the weight of the latter is transferred to the column, i.e. to the center of rotation of the plate. Thus, in any conditions, in any position of the machine, the load is evenly distributed on the lower supports, which the machine is based on the surface to be treated. The machine has high stability during processing and when reinstalling a step, and this leads to high precision machining of large surfaces.

 Setting the axis of rotation of the machine is strictly perpendicular to the theoretical plane and monitoring this position during the entire grinding process provides high precision machining. The machine performs not only grinding functions, but also control ones.

 Providing grinding with simultaneous control, as well as with reference to an already machined surface, provides high precision for large surfaces.

 Figure 1 shows the device, a General view, figure 2 is a top view of the levers in a folded position, figure 3 is the same, the levers in the middle position, in fig. 4 - the same, levers in the deployed position.

 A portable machine for processing flat surfaces contains a basing element made in the form of a base 1 mounted without the possibility of displacement on the height-adjustable supports 2, also installed without the possibility of displacement on the work surface 3. The location and number of supports 2 is determined depending on the shape of the processed surface. The lack of displacement is ensured by high friction between the mating surfaces.

 On the base 1 freely, for example, through the bearing 4, a plate 5 is mounted with the possibility of rotation by means of bearings 6 around the column 7 mounted on the axis of rotation 8 of the machine and rigidly fixed in the base 1. The axis of rotation 8 of the machine is installed strictly perpendicular to the theoretical plane. A theoretical plane is a plane that has the smallest deviations from the real plane and, as a rule, it coincides with the center of gravity of the earth. On the plate 5 at an equal distance from the axis of rotation 8 of the machine freely, for example, through the bearings 9, 10, 11, 12, two disks 13 and 14 are installed, on which the levers 15 and 16 are rigidly mounted. At one end of the lever 15 of the disk 13 there is a grinding head 17 with an abrasive wheel 18, at the other - a counterweight load 19. At the ends of the lever 16 of the disk 14, a drive 20 is mounted on one side, and a counterweight 21 is on the other side. The abrasive wheel 18 is rotated from the drive 20 through the triple stage of the belt gears 22, 23, 24 and the grinding spindle 25. The axes 26 and 27 of each of the disks 13, 14 are pivotally connected to the post 28 by one end, which in turn is pivotally mounted relative to the column 7, the other is rigidly fixed to stove 5.

 Rack 28 serves to evenly distribute pressure to all points of the bearing 4 and supports 2 of the basing element due to the exclusion of deformation that occurs on the plate 5 from the weight of the node "lever 15 - grinding head 17 - disk 13 - load 19" and node "lever 16 - disk 14 - drive 20 - cargo 21 ". The pressure is evenly distributed through the bearing axes 26, 27 of the disks 13, 14 due to the nuts 29 and the ball washer 30 installed in the upper part of the indicated axes. The entire load for aligning the weight of the disks and levers is transferred to the column 7, namely to the center of rotation of the plate 5 and bases 1.

 The upper part of the column 7 is equipped with a handle 31, by means of which manually rotating the plate 5 through the gears 32, 33, 34, 35, 36, providing synchronous rotation of the disks 13 and 14, at the same time move the levers 15 and 16 of the actuator 20 and the grinding head 17.

 The grinding head 17 includes a feed unit 37 to the depth of cut. The total stroke of the grinding spindle 25 is 40 mm. In addition, on the grinding head 17, an element 38 for attaching the position of the grinding head relative to the machined surface, for example, an indicator with which to control the removed allowance, is fixed.

 The central column 7 is equipped with a table 39, on which one of the devices 40 is installed to control the perpendicularity of the axis of rotation 8 of the machine and, accordingly, the column 7 to the theoretical plane, for example, level, auto-collimator, laser, etc.

 The machine operates as follows.

 To install the machine on a theoretical plane, it is necessary to determine the deviation of the position of the theoretical plane from the real one. For example, when monitoring at level 40, firstly, the position of the real plane relative to the center of gravity of the earth is determined, and secondly, the column 7 of the machine is set according to a certain position of the real plane. The specified position determines the position of the theoretical plane, which should be unchanged during the entire processing.

 The machine is installed in the middle of the machined surface 3. In the center of the machine on the column 7, a table 39 for level 40 is installed. At level 40, the machine column 7 is installed using adjustable supports 2. The column 8 of the machine is installed perpendicular to the theoretical plane. Surface treatment is performed by the step method. At each step, it is snapped to an already machined surface, and the axis of rotation 8 of the machine is always at the same time perpendicular to the theoretical plane.

 Turn on the drive 20. The levers 15, 16 in the folded position (figure 2) grind a small diameter. The lever 31 manually gradually pushing the levers 15 and 16 until they are fully disclosed (Fig. 3 and Fig. 4). After grinding the full zone, the machine is stopped and transferred to a step, blocking the treated surface. Again, at level 40, the column 7 of the machine is installed using adjustable supports 2. The grinding of subsequent zones is carried out similarly. Every time it is necessary to consider the removed allowance when grinding. The stock allowance is controlled using an indicator 38 mounted on the grinding head 17, or by touching the abrasive wheel 18 with a previously machined surface. Surface grinding is carried out in both directions from the center. With the rotation of the plate 5 and any dilution of the levers 15, 16, the position of the level 40 should not change.

The advantages of the proposed technical solution are as follows:
- high stability of the machine during processing and when reinstalling it for subsequent surface treatment;
- ensuring an even distribution of forces to all support points under any grinding conditions, in any position of the grinding head;
- the exception of the deformation of the nodes during rotation of the machine;
- ensuring high precision processing;
- The device is easy to manufacture, easy to maintain.

Claims (3)

 1. A portable machine for processing flat surfaces, containing a basing element, a column, a grinding head with a drive, a mechanism for moving the grinding head mounted on the base element, the feed unit of the grinding head to the depth of cut, characterized in that it has two height-adjustable supports, two discs, levers with counterbalance weights, belt and gear transmissions, hinges, a rack, an element for attaching the position of the grinding head relative to the machined surface, a control device I perpendicular to the axis of rotation of the machine to the theoretical plane and the handle, while the base element is made in the form of a base placed without the possibility of displacement on height-adjustable supports mounted on the work surface without the possibility of displacement, the mechanism for moving the grinding head is made in the form of a plate freely mounted on the base with the possibility of rotation relative to the column mounted along the axis of rotation of the machine and rigidly fixed in the base, on the plate, at an equal distance from the axis in the machine, two discs with axles and with levers rigidly fixed on them are freely mounted, moreover, on one of them, at the end opposite to the counterweight, there is a grinding head, and at the end of the other - a rotation drive of the grinding head connected to it by a belt drive, in this case, the axis of each of the disks at one end is rigidly fixed in the plate, and the other pivotally connected to a stand pivotally mounted relative to the column on which the device for controlling the perpendicularity of the axis of rotation of the machine to the theoretical oskosti, and the handle is designed for simultaneous dilution by gear levers carrying the grinding head and its drive.  2. The machine according to claim 1, characterized in that it is equipped with bearings used to install on them a plate placed on the base.  3. The machine according to claim 1, characterized in that it is equipped with bearings used to install two disks with axles on them.

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