RU2198111C2 - System of complex production of hydrocarbon fuel, generation of thermal and electric power; preparation of fresh and potable water from sea water; production of useful chemical elements and compounds on base of oil refining or gas condensate processing - Google Patents

Abstract

FIELD: production of hydrocarbon fuel from oil and gas condensate and generation of thermal and electric power. SUBSTANCE: system includes at least two carrier ships: one ship is of catamaran or trimaran type whose hulls are made in form of pontoons equipped with ballast tanks with ballasting system which are interconnected by means of trusses mounted above them. Trusses are provided with at least two open platforms raised above water surface; these platforms are used for mounting the cleaning and dewatering units, oil recovery units and product reservoirs; hulls are provided with superstructure where central control station is located. Second carrier ship is provided with saving thermal and electric power generating station connected with oil recovery product and gas condensate reservoirs mounted on first carrier ship and with shore consumers. Proposed system is used for preparation of potable water of high quality and extraction of concentrated brine used for production of chemical elements. EFFECT: enhanced efficiency. 4 dwg

Description

 The invention relates to the field of mining and their use, and more specifically to the production of hydrocarbon fuels from oil or gas condensate and based on them - heat and electricity, production of fresh and marketable fresh water from sea water, and production of useful sea water from desalination chemical elements and compounds and providing the results of this production of coastal decentralized consumers.

 A known system of centralized processing of oil and gas condensate, including oil refineries located in places of mass consumption of oil products, and means of transportation of the original hydrocarbon feed from the production sites to oil refineries. During the operation of the system in question, it is planned to collect and transport raw materials through pipelines, by rail, by water or by road to oil refineries, process raw materials into finished oil products and supply them to consumers [Oil, processes and products of its advanced processing. M .: TsNIITE petrochemistry, 1983; Chemistry of oil and gas / Ed. Corresponding Member of RAS prof. V.A. Proskuryakova. SPb .: Chemistry. St. Petersburg Branch, 1995].

 However, when using this method, it is now necessary for long-distance and inaccessible energy consumers to transport finished oil products (mainly fuels) over long distances, and there are also counter-transportation of feedstock and finished hydrocarbon fuels. This is explained by the fact that only 40% of the territory of Russia is provided with energy by the centralized energy system, while 60% of the remaining territories of the Russian Federation, including mainly the northern and north-eastern regions, are still not provided with centralized heat supply. In addition, in many remote regions there is a shortage of fresh water, and especially high-quality drinking water. The foregoing determines the development of small decentralized energy in such regions, for which it is necessary to deliver finished hydrocarbon fuels from centralized regions, performing a significant amount of additional work with the corresponding transport and material costs. As a result, the indicated method is ineffective for 60% of the territory of Russia, and with the further development of decentralized small energy in these areas and, if necessary, the industrial production of fresh and drinking water, it becomes less and less profitable.

 A device for decentralized processing of oil and gas condensate in the immediate vicinity of hydrocarbon production sites is also known, including installations for cleaning and dehydration of hydrocarbons, oil refineries, raw materials tanks and commercial tanks of oil and gas processing products [Small-sized plants and complexes in a modular design for oil refining and gas condensate. Advertising materials ITK "Service", CAS INDUSTRIAL PROJECTS LIMITED, Moscow]. This device allows raw materials to be processed directly on the spot or near production using small-sized oil refineries and complexes (prototype).

 Installations and complexes make it possible to obtain finished petroleum products from feedstock through compounding - gasoline (grades A-76, A-92, A-98), kerosene, diesel fuel and fuel oil.

 However, in the case of using the known oil and gas condensate processing device, small-sized oil refineries and complexes are located in the immediate vicinity or at the place of extraction of oil and gas condensate raw materials, and for mass consumers of oil products, including remote energy consumers, oil products must be transported over long distances using sometimes oncoming traffic. In addition, oil and gas condensate refined products used to produce heat and electricity also have to be transported to energy consumers over long distances. All this leads to large additional transport costs, especially if it concerns energy-deficient regions located far from the country's central energy system and, in particular, when solving the issue of providing the indicated regions with heat and electric energy, as well as fresh and drinking water.

 The objective of the invention is to reduce material and transportation costs in the process of supplying hydrocarbon fuel to consumers and small-scale energy facilities located in remote energy-deficient areas, and ensuring the supply of coastal consumers of these decentralized areas directly with thermal and electric energy, as well as marketable fresh water and drinking water of improved quality , in addition, providing the possibility of extracting useful chemical elements and compounds from waste removal of sea water.

 The specified technical result is achieved by the fact that the composition of the system for the integrated production of hydrocarbon fuel, heat and electric energy, and the production of fresh sea water and potable water, useful chemical elements and compounds based on oil or gas condensate processing near the places of their production and supply of coastal decentralized consumers of products of this production, including raw materials tanks, cleaning and dehydration plants for hydrocarbon feedstocks, oil refineries At least two carrier vessels, one of which is a catamaran or trimaran type vessel, the hulls of which are made in the form of pontoons equipped with ballast tanks with a system, have been installed, the commercial tanks, products of the oil and gas condensate refining process and an automated control and monitoring station. ballasting, and are interconnected by trusses installed above them, on which at least two open platforms raised above the surface of the water are located cleaning and dehydration of hydrocarbon feedstocks placed on them, oil refineries, raw materials and commodity tanks and a superstructure with the premises of a central automated control and control station, and the second carrier vessel is equipped with an energy-saving heat and electricity generating station connected by highways on one side to commodity tanks oil and gas condensate processed products placed on the first carrier vessel, and on the other with coastal consumers of heat electricity, a desalination plant for the production of commercial fresh water from sea water, which has a separate tank for collecting concentrated brine extracted from sea water and is associated with a heat and power generating station, an installation for the production of improved quality drinking water from the above commercial fresh water, made in the form of series-connected units filters and a disinfection chamber for filtered water, inside of which silver electrodes are installed, connected to a direct current source, which is predominantly an AC rectifier, by an installation for extracting useful chemical elements and compounds from a concentrated brine of seawater, made primarily in the form of a concentrator aggregate of a concentrated brine of seawater, connected in series with a hydrometallurgical unit for physicochemical separation to isolate useful chemical components in marketable form and associated with a tank of concentrated brine, and an automated control station and control, and cleaning and dehydration of hydrocarbon feedstocks, oil refineries, an energy-saving heat and power generating station, a desalination plant for the production of marketable fresh water, a plant for the production of improved quality drinking water, and a plant for extracting useful chemical elements and compounds from concentrated brine of seawater automated control and control post of the corresponding carrier vessel, while the specified is equipped The systems are based on shipbuilding technologies in block-modular design.

 The introduction into the integrated production system of two or more carrier vessels, on which the means of producing hydrocarbon fuels are located and on the basis of these other types of products for consumers, allows us to optimally choose the location of the system in relation to the locations of hydrocarbon production and the locations of decentralized coastal consumers of products manufactured by this system in terms of saving material costs associated with transportation Foot of raw materials and manufactured products.

 The implementation of one of the carrier vessels in the form of a catamaran or trimaran type vessel with open platforms on which the oil refining industry is located, and an add-on provides for increased fire safety and explosion safety of combustible waste from the oil refining process and thereby reduces the cost of implementing the required fire and explosion safety measures for the refining process oil and gas condensate.

 The implementation of the hulls of a catamaran or trimaran in the form of pontoons equipped with ballast tanks with a ballasting system makes it possible to install a carrier vessel on a rigid cushion at the bottom of a reservoir by ballasting, which eliminates the influence of waves of the surface of the water on the vessel and the possibility of its drift, which ensures the reliability of the installations oil refining in conditions of excitement.

 Placing on a second carrier vessel a heat and power generating station, a desalination plant for commercial fresh water production from sea water, an improved quality drinking water production plant and a desalination recovery plant - concentrated brine of sea water - useful chemical elements and compounds can reduce the cost of transporting oil products by specified production facilities in comparison with the traditional location in decentralized areas, remote from places to bovine hydrocarbon feedstocks.

 The generation of heat and electricity on a carrier vessel using energy-saving technology can reduce, by optimizing the operation of the turbine units provided for by this technology, the amount of fuel equivalent for generating 1 kW of installed capacity from 300-350 g to 140-150 g and, accordingly, reduce the cost of a unit installed thermal and electric power for remote energy-deficient areas of the country.

 The installation of an improved quality drinking water production unit in the form of a series-connected filter unit and a chamber with silver electrodes installed in it allows to obtain bacterium-disinfected drinking water that can retain bactericidal properties during its long-term storage, significantly exceeding the traditional shelf life of canned drinking water.

 Installation of extracting useful chemical elements from concentrated brine of sea water, for example, metals: noble (platinum, gold, silver, etc.), rare (beryllium, niobium, zirconium, etc.), rare earths (cerium, yttrium, scandium, etc.) , as well as a variety of chemical compounds, such as fertilizers, in the form of a brine concentrator unit connected in series with the hydrometallurgical unit of the physicochemical separation, allows you to utilize the waste of desalination of sea water and thereby eliminate the discharge of these waste into the sea and their impact on the ecology of the surrounding aquatic environment and, in addition, to extract commercial chemical components from them.

 The location of the integrated production system on carrier vessels and their implementation on the basis of shipbuilding technologies allows us to produce the specified floating system of integrated production completely in the factory "turnkey", which will significantly reduce its cost and improve the quality of production and reliability of technical equipment.

 Implementation of the integrated production system on a floating basis will allow to reduce the cost of capital construction of the facilities under consideration for remote decentralized areas and, accordingly, the reclamation of their areas after completion of production operations in comparison with the traditional stationary option.

 The implementation of the integrated production floating system in a block-modular design allows, by changing one of the parameters, for example, the number of modules, to ensure the production of the above products for consumers with the required range of hydrocarbon processing capacities and output capacities for generating heat power, fresh water and useful chemical elements and compounds , which ultimately increases the functionality and efficiency of the use of the floating system.

 Implementation of the integrated production floating system as a single closed technological process for the production of hydrocarbon energy carriers, energy, fresh water and useful chemical components will allow solving the problem of energy shortage, deficit of fresh water and high quality drinking water of large decentralized consumers of the northern and northeastern regions of the country effectively and at the lowest cost .

 The invention is illustrated by drawings, where figure 1 presents a block diagram of a system of integrated production; figure 2 shows a carrier vessel of a catamaran type mounted on the ground, with the installations of the oil refining complex located on it (side view); figure 3 is a transverse section of the aforementioned carrier vessel of a catamaran type; figure 4 is a block diagram of an installation for the production of drinking water of improved quality.

 On the block diagram of the integrated production system (see Fig. 1), the equipment of the oil refining complex installations located on the open platforms 1 of the catamaran-type carrier vessel is highlighted by a dot-dash line.

 Storage facilities for crude oil and gas condensate 2 are installed at the INPUT of the oil refining floating complex, in which the initial hydrocarbon feed is placed. The outlet of the storages 2 is connected by highways 3 to the units of the oil refining complex 4, which includes a unit for cleaning and dehydration of crude oil, a furnace for heating refined oil and rectification units, the outputs of which are connected by highways 5, 6, 7 to the inputs of a number of commodity storage tanks: storages of gasoline 8, with consumable storages of diesel fuel 9 and consumable storages of fuel oil 10. At OUTPUTS A and B of consumable storages 8 and 9 there are terminals for dispensing gasoline and diesel fuel to consumers (not provided). Fuel oil consumable storages 10 are equipped with EXIT C to supply fuel for the own needs of the carrier vessels and the fuel supply line 11 of the heat and power generating station 12, connected to the heat and power transmission lines 13 and 14, respectively, with a desalination plant for producing fresh water 15, with external heat and of electricity from OUTPUTS D and E and, in addition, by line 14 with an AC rectifier as part of the filter block 16 of the improved quality drinking water production plant, are followed connected to its filter disinfection chamber 17 disinfection chamber 17. The filter unit 16 is connected by line 18 to the output of desalination plant 15, and the output of the disinfection chamber 17 is connected through consumers to the consumers via OUTPUT F. The output of plant 15 is also connected to consumers 18 commercial fresh water through EXIT J, and pipeline 19 - with the waste water collection capacity of the desalination plant - concentrated brine of seawater 20. The output of the desalination plant 15 by pipe 21 is in communication with the source raw material - outboard sea water. The outlet of the collection tank for concentrated brine of seawater 20 is connected by a pipe 22 to a concentrator unit 23 of a unit for extracting useful chemical elements and compounds from a concentrated brine in series with its hydrometallurgical unit of physicochemical separation 24, which is connected with consumers of useful chemical components in a salable condition via EXIT H. Equipment for the integrated production system of both carrier vessels is coupled through control lines 25 and 26 with the corresponding central automated control and monitoring posts 27 and 28.

 The catamaran-type carrier vessel (see FIGS. 2 and 3) contains two pontoons 29 with ballast compartments 30 equipped with a ballast system with pumps, electric motors and position sensors of the carrier vessel (not shown). The pontoons 29 are interconnected by shaped structures 31, on which two open platforms 1 are built one above the other (see Fig. 1) with the oil refining complex 4 installed on them. On the lower platform 32, a refined oil heating furnace is located, starting from the stern, 33 , ship superstructure 34, the capacity of the original hydrocarbon feedstock 2 and the commodity capacity of petroleum products 8, 9, 10 with fuel dispensing terminals to consumers and pumping equipment (not shown).

 On the upper platform 35 there is the subsequent equipment of the oil refining complex 4, namely, the installation for cleaning and dewatering the feedstock 36 and the equipment of distillation columns 37. In the superstructure 34, the technical facilities of the central control and monitoring station 27 are located with the equipment of the floating oil refining complex 4, which includes control facilities ballast system 38.

 An installation for production of improved quality drinking water from commercial fresh water (see Fig. 4) consists of a series of pre-filters 16 (see Fig. 1) connected in series at the input connected to highway 18 with a desalination plant 15 to produce commercial fresh water, and a chamber disinfection 17, inside which there is a block of electrodes, including a silver anode 39 and a stainless steel cathode 40 connected to a direct current source 41, made in the form of an AC rectifier connected to the main w 14 from the power supply station 12 teploelektrogeneriruyuschey.

 The output of the disinfection chamber 17 is connected to the storage tank 42, from which drinking water of improved quality through the EXIT F is supplied to consumers.

 The system operates as follows.

At the INPUT (see Fig. 1) of the units of the floating oil refining complex located on two open platforms 1 of the carrier vessel, hydrocarbon raw materials are delivered from the nearest production sites, which fill the consumables storage 2 of the feedstock. Crude oil or gas condensate flows through line 3 to the units of the oil refining complex 4, in which stage-by-stage processing is carried out. At the first stage in the installation 36 (see figure 2, 3) is the dehydration and desalting of crude oil. At the second stage, the stream of dehydrated and desalted oil, after heating the refined oil 33 to a steam-liquid mixture with a temperature of 340-360 ^o C, is fed to distillation columns 37. After distillation in the third stage, for example, compounding gasolines A-76, A are obtained -93, A-94, kerosene (if necessary), diesel fuel and heavy fuel oil, light fuel fractions - gasolines and diesel fuel - are delivered via lines 5 and 6 to consumable storages of gasoline 8 and diesel fuel 9, from which gasolines are delivered to EXIT A and diesel fuel - on In In PROGRESS, both output terminals are for release of fuel consumers. Heavy refining fractions - fuel oil and other combustible residues - are accumulated along line 7 in consumable storage facilities 10, from which they are sent through EXIT C to supply fuel to the carrier vessels, and also are supplied via line 11 to supply steam generating units (not shown) to the heat and power generating station 12. Management, control and optimization of the operation of all the technical facilities of the units 33, 36, 37 of the oil refining complex 4 is carried out using the control and control bodies 27 located in the superstructure 34 of the bow vessel of Tell.

 The considered technical means of oil refining, as was noted, are placed on open platforms 32 and 35 of the carrier vessel, which is manufactured at the turnkey shipyard, towed to the place of work and installed on the ground on a specially prepared site by receiving ballast in tanks 30 ballast compartments hulls (pontoons) 29 catamarans.

 The heat and power generating complex 12, made in a block-modular design, operates by energy-saving technology using, for example, steam counterpressure turbines (not shown) in a wide power range from units to tens of MW. The design of the block modules of the generating complex 12 allows only by changing the number of modules to ensure the synthesis of a floating power plant with any required power by summing the blocks with the above range of capacities. The generated heat and electricity from the block-modular thermal power station 12 are supplied to consumers through the heating center 13 and power lines 14, via EXIT D and EXIT E. The other part of the heat energy is supplied via lines 13 and 14 to the desalination plant 15 for the production of fresh water from sea water .

 Desalination plant 15 operates, for example, on the principle of reverse osmosis. The feedstock - sea water - enters the installation 15 through the pipe 21, after pre-treatment it is pressed through high-pressure through semi-permeable membranes (not shown), from the outlet of which the obtained marketable fresh water is supplied to the 18 consumers through the EXIT J. This retained salts in the form concentrated brine through a pipe 19 is discharged into a waste collection tank 20. The desalination complex 15 is made in a modular block design. The minimum capacity of one unit of the installation is selected at 50 t / h in fresh water. The modular layout principle allows you to create floating desalination systems with a wide range of marketable fresh water productivity by summing the blocks with the specified minimum capacity.

 A portion of the fresh water obtained through line 18 is supplied to an improved quality drinking water production unit, at the inlet of which an additional purification of the obtained fresh water is carried out in the filter unit 16. Then the purified water enters the disinfection chamber 17 for its treatment with silver ions. The basis of this method is the process of anodic dissolution of silver from the anode 39 (see figure 4) under the action of a constant electric current created by the source 41, followed by the hydrolysis of silver cations and their participation in the disinfection and refinement of fresh water passed through the chamber 17. The electrochemical dissolution of silver from the anode 39, immersed in water and under the action of an electric potential applied from the source 41, is determined by the process occurring at the anode 39 and the cathode 40. On the anode 39 there is an oxy fusion of silver with the transition of its ions into water. A continuous release of silver ions occurs only if electrons are removed from the cathode 40, which occurs when the reduction reaction proceeds. The resulting drinking water of high quality is supplied to the storage tank 42, in which it is adjusted for its chemical composition. After this operation, drinking water of improved quality through EXIT F is supplied to consumers.

 From the waste storage tank 20 of the fresh water production process, the concentrated brine of seawater via a pipe 22 enters the brine concentrator 23, in which the operation of concentrating the brine of seawater and isolating in a solid form the chemical components dissolved in it. The specified mixture of solid chemical compounds in the form of raw materials is fed into the hydrometallurgical unit of the physico-chemical separation 24, in which the useful chemical elements and compounds are marketed in stages. At the first stage, almost all components of seawater are extracted using hydromechanical processes in the form of useful chemical compounds, then at the second stage, using the methods of hydrometallurgy (that is, chemical reactions in aqueous solutions of the obtained individual chemical compounds), almost the entire range of metals is extracted - noble metals, rare rare earth, colored (if necessary) and radioactive (if necessary). At the output of the process, the preparation of the isolated chemical elements and compounds in marketable form is carried out, which through EXIT N are supplied to consumers.

 The production of heat and power, fresh and drinking water and useful chemical components in marketable form, depending on productivity, can occupy one or several carrier vessels of various types. Moreover, the technical means of the production under consideration may have a variety of placement and layout options on their carrier vessels.

Claims (1)

 A system for the integrated production of hydrocarbon fuels, heat and electric energy, and the production of commercial fresh and drinking water, useful chemical elements and compounds from sea water based on oil or gas condensate processing near their production sites and supplying coastal decentralized consumers with products of this production, including raw material tanks, purification and dehydration plants for hydrocarbon feedstocks, oil refineries, product tanks for process products of oil and gas condensate and an automated control and monitoring station, characterized in that at least two carrier vessels are introduced into it, one of which is a catamaran or trimaran type vessel, the hulls of which are made in the form of pontoons equipped with ballast tanks with a system ballasting, and are interconnected by trusses installed above them, on which at least two open platforms raised above the water surface are located with cleaning and dehydration of the initial hydrocarbon feedstock, oil refineries, raw materials and commodity tanks and a superstructure with the premises of the central automated control and control station, and the second carrier vessel is equipped with an energy-saving heat and electricity generating station connected on the one hand to the commodity containers of oil refining products and gas condensate placed on the first carrier vessel, and on the other with coastal consumers of heat and electricity, desalination plant a unit for the production of commercial fresh water from seawater, which has a separate container for collecting concentrated brine extracted from seawater and connected to a heat and power generating station, an installation for the production of improved quality drinking water from the above-mentioned commodity fresh water, made in the form of a series-connected filter unit and a disinfection chamber for filtered water, inside which silver electrodes are installed, connected to a direct current source, which is an advantage a rectifier for alternating current, with the installation of extracting useful chemical elements and compounds from a concentrated brine of seawater, made mainly in the form of a concentrator aggregate of a concentrated brine of seawater, connected in series with a hydrometallurgical unit for physicochemical separation to isolate useful chemical components in a salable form and associated with capacity of concentrated brine of sea water, and an automated control and monitoring station, source and dehydration of the original hydrocarbon feedstock, oil refineries, energy-saving heat and electricity generating station, desalination plant for the production of marketable fresh water, a plant for the production of improved quality drinking water and a plant for extracting useful chemical elements and compounds from concentrated brine of seawater are associated with the corresponding central automated control station and control of the corresponding carrier vessel, while the specified system equipment in made on the basis of shipbuilding technologies in block-modular design.

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