RU2196798C2 - Modified multicomponent mixtures used to expose ground - Google Patents

Abstract

FIELD: drilling fluids. SUBSTANCE: invention relates to flowing and pumpable fluids used to expose ground, in particular when treating bottom zones of wells. EFFECT: optimized requirements concerning technical productivity, environmental compatibility, and expenses/effect ratio. 13 cl, 18 tbl, 13 ex

Description

 The present invention relates to new fluid and pumped multicomponent mixtures used for opening the soil, in particular when treating the bottom-hole zone of boreholes, which when using emulsifiers contain both oil and water phases. As multicomponent mixtures of this kind, the following describes the mixture according to the invention for flushing wells and drilling fluids derived from them. The scope of the claimed mixture, however, is not limited. Related and affected areas of the present invention are, for example, fluids used as indicators for detecting leaks, as well as buffers, separators, used as hydraulic fluids for overhaul and stimulation of wells, and also used for fracturing.

 The use of new multicomponent mixtures as fluid for bottom-hole treatment of wells is of particular importance for the development of oil and gas fields, in particular, offshore, but is not limited to this. New mixtures can, in general, find application in continental drilling, for example, in geothermal drilling or in water drilling, in scientific drilling and in mining drilling.

 Liquid flushing systems used for sinking wells are, as you know, limited thickened fluid systems that can belong to one of the following three classes.

 Pure water washing liquids, oil-based washing mixtures, used, as a rule, in the form of so-called invert emulsion solutions, as well as oil-in-water (M / V) emulsions based on water, containing a heterogeneous finely divided oil in the dispersed aqueous phase phase.

 Dispersion oil-based fluids used to flush wells are generally designed as a three-phase system: oil, water, and fine-grained solids. In this case, the aqueous phase is distributed in the form of a heterogeneous fine in the dispersion oil phase. The use of a large number of additives, in particular emulsifiers, weighting agents, additives to reduce filtration, substances that provide a reserve of alkalinity, viscosity regulators and the like. Details are indicated, for example, in P.A. Boyd et al. (R. A. Boyd et al. New Base Oil Used in Low-Toxicity Oil Muds. Journal of Petroleum Technology, 1985, pp. 137-142) and R. B. Bennett (RB Bennet. New Drilling Fluid Technology - Mineral Oil Mud. Journal of Petroleum Technology, 1984, pp. 975 - 981), as well as in the sources cited in these publications.

 Wash fluids based on oil-in-water (M / B) emulsion systems based on water occupy an intermediate position in their user properties between pure water systems and oil-based invert flushing emulsions. Detailed technical information on this subject is available in specialized literature, for example, in a textbook by George R. Gray and HK Darley. Composition in Properties of Oil Well Drilling Fluids, 4th edition, 1980/81, Gulf Publishing Company, Houston) and in the extensive technical and patent literature cited in these publications, as well as in the Applied Drilling Engineering Handbook. Adam T. Borgoyne, Jr. et al. First Printing Society of Petroleum Engineers, Richardson, Texas (USA).

 It is indisputable that even to date, invert water-in-oil (W / M) systems based on oil are the most reliable means, in particular, when drilling water-sensitive layers of clay. The dispersed oil phase of the invert emulsion of the M / B type forms a closed semipermeable membrane on the surface of the drilled rock layers and in the fragments of the drilled rock entering the drilling fluid, as a result of which it is possible to control and regulate the direction of possible water diffusion. To date, no other type of washing liquid provides such optimization of operating results that is possible when using invert washing liquid of type B / M.

 In flushing fluids of the last described type and in other means of bottom-hole treatment of wells taken for comparison, fractions of mineral oil were initially used as the oil phase. And this is due to a considerable burden on the environment, when, for example, drilling fluids will get into it directly or through cuttings. Mineral oils are only difficult to decompose, and under anaerobic conditions are practically indecomposable and therefore should be considered as long-term pollution. Especially over the past decade, experts have submitted a large number of proposals for the replacement of mineral oil fractions with environmentally friendly and more easily decomposable oil phases. The applicant describes in a large number of patents possible alternatives for the oil phase, and mixtures of such replacement oils can also be used. In particular, specially selected lipophilic esters of monocarboxylic and polycarboxylic acids, substantially water-insoluble and flowable alcohols under operating conditions, the corresponding simple and some carbonic esters are described in detail. In general, in this case, one can point to the following publications: European patent applications EP 0374671; EP 0374672; EP 0386638; EP 0386636; EP 0382070; EP 0382071; EP 0391252; EP 0391251; EP 0532570; EP 0535074.

 And third parties made a large number of proposals for the use of alternative oil phases for the area considered in this case. For example, the following classes of substances have been proposed for replacing the mineral oil phase in B / M invert washing fluids: acetals, α-olefins, poly-α-olefins, internal-linked olefins, (oligo) amides, (oligo) imides and (oligo) ketones; see the following publication on this subject: European patent applications EP 0512501; EP 0 627 481; UK patent 2,258,258; US patents 5068041 and 5189012; international applications WO 95/30643 and WO 95/32260.

 Currently, in the area under consideration, a large number of specific alternative oil phases are practically used. And nevertheless, as before, for technical feasibility, there is a need for even clearer coordination of three decisive factors: optimal technological results of work, optimal solution of environmental protection problems and, finally, an optimal ratio of costs and the resulting effect.

 The presence of the composition of the fluid and pumped multicomponent mixture based on water and oil, which ensures, in specific operating conditions, in particular in the zone of hazardous rock formations inside the well, the formation of an invert washing liquid with a dispersed aqueous phase in a dispersed oil phase.

 There is the possibility of phase inversion with the formation of a water-based oil / water emulsion outside the zone of hazardous rock formations and, in particular, as part of the processing and disposal of drill cuttings coated with residual flushing fluid.

 Thus, it becomes possible to combine the following required work results.

 - In the working zone and especially within the zones of hazardous rock formations, the flowing working medium is presented in the form of an invert emulsion of the "water in oil" type, which in a known manner forms a shutter in the form of a semipermeable membrane on the surface of the rocks, as a result of which well stability can be ensured in optimal for the present tense form.

 - Using the element of the invention explained below, intended for targeted inversion into an M / B type emulsion with dispersed aqueous and dispersed oil phases, simplifications known to those skilled in the art in processing and disposing of drill cuttings recovered and separated from the flushing fluid in the circulation loop become clear. The oil phase present in this dispersed form can at least for the most part be easily washed from drill cuttings, and depending on its environmental compatibility, a separate flushing process or simply dumping into the sea when working on offshore wells can be provided. The dispersed oil phase will at least partially float in the washing liquid and in this case can be separated or become available on the surface of sea water for easier aerobic decomposition.

 The claimed invention implements in this case this principle of phase inversion due to the use of the operating parameter set for the flushing fluid being in the circulation mode, namely, the temperature of the flushing fluid at the corresponding point of its use. Inside the well, temperatures are set that sharply increase with increasing depth. Flushing fluid saturated with drill cuttings comes out of the well with also very high temperatures. Due to the ability to control and set predetermined phase inversion temperatures, it now seems possible to act outside the well on the required conversion of the invert B / M phase to the M / B type emulsion phase. See below for more details. According to the invention, as a result of the action of the phase inversion temperature parameter (TFI) selected and set in the corresponding flushing fluid, the requirement is met that the flushing fluid in the circulation loop when drilling at the place of use has the state of an invert emulsion of the "water in oil" type .

 To homogenize immiscible phases of oil and water by means of emulsification, emulsifiers or emulsifier systems are known to be used. In this case, a general rule applies: emulsifiers are compounds that bind hydrophilic and lipophilic structural units to each other in their molecular structure. The choice and number of such structural units in the corresponding emulsifier molecule and / or emulsifier system is often characterized by an indicator of hydrophilic-lipophilic balance (HLB), which determines the balance of hydrophilicity and lipophilicity. In this case, usually proceed from the following position.

 Emulsifiers or emulsifier systems with a relatively high content of hydrophilic components give high HLB performance and, when used in practice, usually lead to the formation of M / B emulsions based on water with a dispersed oil phase. Emulsifiers or emulsifier systems with a relatively high content of lipophilic constituents lead to relatively low HLB values and thereby to invert emulsions of type B / M with dispersed oil and dispersed aqueous phases.

 This idea is, however, greatly simplified for the following reasons.

 The action of the emulsifiers or emulsifier systems used may be influenced by a large number of concomitant factors in the total mixture and, thus, may be changed. The following parameters should be mentioned as known parameters for these modifications in connection with the claimed invention: saturation of the aqueous phase with soluble organic and / or inorganic components, for example, water-soluble, in particular polyhydric lower alcohols and / or their oligomers, soluble inorganic and / or organic salts, the quantitative ratio of the emulsifier / emulsifier system to the amount of oil and, finally, the structural coordination in the structure of the emulsifier / emulsifier system, on the one hand, and the molecular structure of the oil phase, on the other hand.

 An especially important parameter according to the invention for the emulsifier action specified in this particular case with respect to ensuring the state of an emulsion of type M / B or B / M can be the corresponding temperature of the multicomponent system. In particular, such an effect of pronounced temperature dependence in mixtures of oil and water phases insoluble in each other is exerted at least partially by nonionic emulsifiers / emulsifier systems.

 Thus, the previously mentioned system parameter in the form of phase inversion temperature (TFI) becomes crucial - when interacting with the other system parameters indicated above, the emulsifiers / emulsifier systems used result in the following types of emulsions.

 Temperatures below TFI determine the state of the M / B type emulsion. Temperatures above TPI cause the formation of invert emulsions of type B / M. A shift in temperature to the correspondingly opposite temperature range causes phase reversal of the system.

 According to the claimed invention, this natural variation of this operating parameter is used as follows.

 Due to the appropriate choice of emulsifier / emulsifier system, consistent with other variables taken into account in this case, an invert state of a B / M emulsion with a dispersed oil phase is provided in a hot well. In a relatively cold outer zone, phase inversion of the washing liquid and the associated simplified processing of the separated components can be performed by lowering the temperature below the temperature of the phase inversion of the system in a simpler way. Constantly associated with the movement of the flushing fluid in the circulation circuit, its heating inside the well provides the required high level of temperature on the rock surface above the phase inversion temperature and thereby prevents dispersed water from appearing in the flushing fluid at this point.

 Before the claimed invention will be considered in detail, it would be necessary to indicate the main specialized literature and information on the issue of temperature-dependent phase reversal and the corresponding parameter - phase inversion temperature (TFI), since in the light of these available bases an understanding and the possibility of implementing the claimed invention are revealed.

 A very detailed account of the phase equilibrium conditions for ternary systems consisting of an aqueous phase, an oil phase and a surfactant (in particular non-ionic emulsifiers / emulsifier systems) can be found in a publication by K. Shinoda and X. Kunieda (K. SHINODA and H. KUNIEDA Phase Properties of Emulsions: PIT and HLB in Enciclopedia of Emulsion Technology, 1983, Volume 1, pp. 337-367). In particular, the authors also use in their publication an extensive specialized material describing the technical level, and it is especially important for understanding the invention described below is the knowledge of the temperature dependence of the phase treatment of such oil-in-water systems containing emulsifiers. This publication of Shinoda and others examines in detail this temperature parameter and the effect that occurs in multiphase systems with its variations. But at the same time, in particular, references are also made to earlier information, for example, earlier publications by K. Shinoda and employees, on points 7 and 8 of the list of references (p. 366-367 of the above source). Here, Shinoda describes the parameter of phase inversion temperature (phase inversion temperature, temperature of hydrophilic-lipophilic balance), while the effect of the temperature dependence of the corresponding system using nonionic emulsifiers is especially clearly presented in earlier publications of Shinoda and others. For fluid mixtures of substances based on three-component systems (oil / water / emulsifier), in particular, the dependence of the correspondingly established states of phase equilibrium on the temperature of a multicomponent system is presented. A stable emulsion of a type M / B emulsion with a dispersed oil phase in a dispersed aqueous phase, which is stable in a relatively lower temperature range, passes with increasing temperature into the phase inversion zone — into the phase inversion temperature zone or into the “middle phase” range. With a further increase in temperature, the multicomponent system acquires a stable invert state of the water-in-oil system, in which the dispersed water phase is now represented in the dispersed oil phase.

 Shinoda refers in his list of references (aforementioned source, paragraphs 31 and 32) to earlier works by P.A. Winsor (R.A. WINSOR). In the text of his earlier publication (p. 344-345), the designations of phase equilibrium VINZOR I, VINZOR III and VINZOR II adopted by Winsor are arranged in a system according to temperature-dependent stable ranges of oil-water / middle phase / water-oil phases: VINZOR I represents the range of the stable M / B phase based on water, VINZOR II corresponds to the range of the stable invert phase of the B / M type, VINZOR III denotes the middle phase and thus corresponds to the temperature range of the phase inversion in the understanding of the terminology currently used and the claimed invention.

The determination of these various phase ranges indicated in the last paragraph, and, in particular, also the determination of the middle phase (VINZOR III) available in the corresponding system (microemulsion) is possible in two ways, while both of these possibilities are reasonably linked to each other:
a) determination of the temperature dependence and the associated phase displacement by experimental verification of the corresponding system, in particular, by determining the electrical conductivity;
b) the possibility of a preliminary calculated determination of the phase inversion temperature of the corresponding system on the basis of currently available special information.

 But first, the following point is fundamental. The phenomenon of phase inversion and the corresponding phase inversion temperature (TFI) takes place within the temperature range, which is limited by its lower limit to the state of the M / B type emulsion, and the upper limit is the invert state of the B / M type emulsion. The experimental verification of the corresponding system, in particular, by determining the electrical conductivity, presents digital data on the lower and upper limits of the phase inversion temperature, and again slight offsets can occur if the conductivity is determined in one case by an increase in temperature, and in the other by decrease. The phase inversion temperature (TFI), or rather, the TFI range, largely corresponds to the previously explained definition of the (microemulsion) middle phase of VINZOR III. But the following is valid.

The difference between the lower limit of the TFI (relative to the M / B state) and the upper (relative to the inverted B / M state) is usually adjustable and depends on the choice of emulsifying components or emulsifier systems. Often, in these cases, temperature ranges are indicated that give differences of not more than 20-30 ^o C, mainly not more than 10-15 ^o C. According to the invention, this can be used if you want the unambiguous transformation of the invert wash liquid - or parts separated from it - in the emulsion state type M / B. As a result, for certain forms of execution, which will be discussed below, it may be of interest to work with relatively wide ranges of phase inversion until it is guaranteed that within the operating temperature range when using flushing fluid in the well, the upper limit of this TFI range is to establish inverted state type B / M - not only achieved, but, which is preferred, sufficiently exceeded.

 The calculated determination of the TFI of the corresponding system according to b) does not, in contrast, lead to the exact determination of the temperature limits of the corresponding TFI range mentioned above, but is aimed at determining the real numerical value within the TFI range. Thus, it becomes clear that for practice, a combination of phase shift definitions in accordance with a) and b) may be of interest. In particular, in this case the following is accepted.

 The experimental determination of the electrical conductivity of the system shows its optimal value in the range of the state of the washing liquid of the M / B type, made on the basis of water; in the invertible phase range of the B / M type, electrical conductivity, as a rule, is not shown. If the conductivity is measured on a sample of the emulsion in the phase inversion temperature range using temperature variations (ascending and / or descending), then in this case it is possible to measure very accurately the numerical values of the limiting temperatures between the three ranges (M / V-middle phase - W / M). Based on the presence of electrical conductivity or its absence for both limiting ranges, the above is accepted, between these limits there is a temperature section of the phase inversion of the corresponding system considered in this case, which can be accurately measured by its limiting values down (the presence of electrical conductivity) and up (lack of electrical conductivity) .

 Such an experimental determination of the temperature range of phase inversion by measuring electrical conductivity is described in detail in the special technical publications referred to in this paper, which can be referenced. For example, reference is made to European patent applications EP 0354586 and EP 0521981. Emulsions of the M / B type, cooled below the temperature range of the phase inversion, show values above 1 microsiemens per centimeter (μC / cm) when determining the electrical conductivity. With slow heating under given program conditions, a conductivity diagram is drawn up. The temperature range within which the conductivity falls below 0.1 μC / cm is fixed as the temperature range of the phase inversion. For the claimed invention, it is advisable to draw up an appropriate diagram of the electrical conductivity for the descending temperature range, which determines the electrical conductivity of a multicomponent mixture, which is first heated to temperatures above the phase inversion range, and then cooled in a certain way. The upper and lower limits of the temperature range of the phase inversion determined in this case should not be completely identical to the corresponding values of the previously described section with increasing temperature of the multicomponent mixture. However, as a rule, the corresponding limits are so close to each other that it is possible to work when performing large-scale technical work with standardized numbers, in particular by averaging the corresponding related limits. And even if increased discrepancies in the temperature range of the phase inversion are detected when determined in one case with increasing temperature, and in the other case with decreasing temperature, the feasibility of the invention described in detail below will be guaranteed by the operating principles specified in this publication. The multicomponent system should be coordinated in terms of its operating and operating parameters in such a way that the already described declared operating principle can be installed: to ensure an inverted B / M state with a dispersive oil phase inside a hot well. In a relatively cold outer zone, the circulation of the phases of the washing liquid and, accordingly, the simplified processing of the separated parts can be performed in a simpler way due to the temperature exit below the phase inversion temperature of this system.

 To reduce experimental costs, it may be appropriate to calculate the TFI of the corresponding multicomponent system. In particular, this also applies to the possible optimization of the choice of emulsifiers or system of emulsifiers and their coordination with the predetermined choice provided for on the basis of other considerations for technical implementation, and the mixed composition of the aqueous phase, on the one hand, and the type of oil phase, on the other hand. Special information has been obtained recently from just completely different areas, in particular from the field of the manufacture of cosmetics. The present invention also provides, in this case, the use of this general information directly for the drilling and maintenance of existing wells associated with the claimed invention with optimal systems containing oil and water phases.

, В. фон Рубински, X. Тесмана и А. Вальде ( ТН. FOERSTER, W. VON RYBINSKI, H. TESMANN and A. WALDE. Calculation of optimum emulsifier mixtures for phase inversion emulsification. International Journal of Cosmetic Science, выпуск 16, с. 84-92 (1994)). В этой работе подробно указано, как для заданной трехкомпонентной системы, состоящей из масляной фазы, водной фазы и эмульгатора, можно определить расчетным путем на основе характеризующего масляную фазу значения эквивалентного показателя углеродного ряда предельных углеводородов температурный диапазон фазовой инверсии (ТФИ) по методике расчета фазового обращения в концентратах. Эта публикация

и др., в частности, вновь использует основную литературу по затронутому в настоящей работе комплексу тем, см. перечень литературы в упомянутой публикации, с. 91-92. Затем на основании многочисленных примеров подробно представляется, каким образом при помощи методики расчета фазового обращения в концентратах в рамках концепции использования эквивалентного показателя углеродного ряда предельных углеводородов можно сделать доступным выбор и оптимизацию эмульгаторов/систем эмульгаторов для оптимальной установки заданных значений температурного диапазона фазовой инверсии.In connection with this, in particular, the publication

, V. von Rubinsky, H. Tesman and A. Walde (T. FOERSTER, W. VON RYBINSKI, H. TESMANN and A. WALDE. Calculation of optimum emulsifier mixtures for phase inversion emulsification. International Journal of Cosmetic Science, issue 16, pp. 84-92 (1994)). In this work, it is described in detail how, for a given three-component system consisting of an oil phase, an aqueous phase, and an emulsifier, it is possible to determine by calculation, based on the values of the equivalent index of the carbon series of saturated hydrocarbons characterizing the oil phase, the phase inversion temperature range (TFI) by the method of calculating the phase inversion in concentrates. This post

and others, in particular, are again using the main literature on the range of topics covered in this work; see the list of references in the mentioned publication, p. 91-92. Then, on the basis of numerous examples, it is presented in detail how, using the methodology for calculating the phase circulation in concentrates within the framework of the concept of using an equivalent indicator of the carbon series of saturated hydrocarbons, it is possible to make available the selection and optimization of emulsifiers / emulsifier systems to optimally set the set values of the temperature range of the phase inversion.

 Based on this information, it becomes possible to preliminarily determine mixtures, including mixing ratios, with the phase inversion temperature in the range of the present application for practically used components (in particular, by the type and amount of the oil phase and the corresponding emulsifiers / emulsifier systems). This provides a serious reasonable starting point for the implementation of experimental work from the point of view of the determination procedure according to paragraph a). In addition to the calculated determination of TFI, in particular, the range of formation of the middle phase with its lower and, most importantly, with its upper temperature limits can be determined. Thus, the temperature limits are completely unambiguously determined, above which the V / M inversion range is found for flushing mixtures having direct contact with the hot surface of the borehole walls, which is necessary for the formation of a closed semipermeable membrane. As a rule, for this it is advisable to select these practical limits of the phase inversion range with a sufficient margin in practical use in order to guarantee the inverse B / M phase required for the hot range (see the explanations below on the claimed invention).

 On the other hand, going out of the inverted B / M state in the low temperature range should be possible to the extent that it is possible to take advantage of the inversion before the formation of the M / B phase and, therefore, the simplified processing of the separated components of the washing liquid.

 For a complete presentation of specific information, the following should be noted. In the recent past, substantial funds were spent on research to improve the so-called tertiary method of oil production by flooding oil-bearing layers with oil-in-water emulsions containing emulsifiers / emulsifier systems. The goal set for this provides for the use in reservoirs of appropriate systems in the range of the middle phase of emulsions (VINZOR III). This becomes immediately clear from the reverse statement of the goal, deviating from the claimed invention: optimization of the M / B - B / M phase equilibrium with the formation of a microemulsion phase in a multicomponent system leads to an increase in the efficiency of the leaching process required for water flooding and thereby to an increase in the leaching of the oil phase from rocks. The decisive factor in this case, based on the microemulsion state, is the ability to reliably prevent clogging of pores in the rock with larger droplets of oil.

 The objective of the invention is focused - taking into account the work with invert emulsions of type B / M - to lock the pores of the rock in the well using a dispersive oil layer. But at the same time, out of the well due to phase inversion, simplified disposal of the flushing fluid or its components should be ensured.

 The objective of the invention is to provide high technical performance with an appropriate ratio of costs and results and at the same time optimal implementation of the currently existing environmental requirements.

The problem is solved by the proposed fluid and pumped multicomponent mixture based on a multiphase mixture consisting of water and oil, intended for excavation by drilling and / or for subsequent processing, an emulsifier and auxiliary substances, the difference of which is that it contains at least an emulsifier at least one substance selected from the group consisting of oligoalkoxylates, alkoxylates - in particular ethoxylates and propoxylates - structural units of natural and synthetic origin, containing core residues and providing the possibility of alkoxylation, while these alkoxylates can also have closed end groups, partial complex and simple ethers of polyfunctional alcohols containing, in particular, from 2 to 6 carbon atoms and from 2 to 6 hydroxyl groups, and their oligomers containing lipophilic residues with acids and alcohols, which may also have residues of oligoalkoxylates and alkoxylates integrated in the structure of the molecule, in particular oligoepoxylates, alkyl polyglycosides and long chain alcohol glycosides , Fatty alcohols of natural or synthetic origin, alkylolamides, amine oxides, resulting in the corresponding multicomponent mixture to a controlled temperature treatment phase when the phase inversion temperature of the PIT within the temperature range, the upper limit of which is at most 100 ^o C, the aqueous phase of the mixture was introduced as dispersed invert phase in the dispersed oil phase, and the lower boundary of this temperature range lies from 0 to 5 ^o With, to enable the addition of this B / M emulsion to the M / B emulsion with a dispersed aqueous phase, while the aqueous phase and the oil phase are taken in a volume ratio of (85-20) :( 15-80).

It is desirable that the TFI of this multicomponent mixture is in the temperature range from 5 ^° to 80 ^{° C.} , preferably in the range from 10 to 60 ^{° C.} and particularly preferably in the range from 15 to 50 ^{° C.} The multicomponent mixture is fluid and pumpable also at room temperature temperature, as well as its emulsifier had a nonionic structure and / or connected to each other in a structural unit both in the form of nonionic and in the form of anionic structural elements.

It is preferable that an emulsifier with an HLB value in the range from 6 to 20, preferably from 7 to 18, which is used in the preferred form together with at least one more pronounced lipophilic emulsifier having a lower HLB value relative to the above region, be used in the multicomponent mixture, the emulsifier was matched according to its amount in this multicomponent mixture with the amount of the oil phase present in it, and an amount equal to or greater than 1 wt.% is preferred about 5 to 60 wt.% (relative to the oil phase), with particularly preferred quantitative ranges for the emulsifier (relative to the oil phase) being the following: from 10 to 50 wt.%, from 15 to 40 wt.%, and particularly preferably from 20 to 35 wt.%, And also not containing an emulsifier, the oil phase was insoluble in the aqueous emulsion phase, and also remained fluid and pumpable, preferably at room temperature, and had a flash point above 60 ^° C, preferably equal to or greater than 80-100 ^° C and especially preferred but equal to or greater than 120 ^o C.

It is desirable that the oil phase has a temperature range from 0 to 10 ^o With a Brookfield viscosity of not more than 55 MPa • s, preferably not more than 45 MPa • s, the multicomponent mixture contains an oil phase, which refers to at least the following class of substances: unbranched , branched and cyclic saturated hydrocarbons, olefinic unsaturated hydrocarbons, in particular of the type of linear α-olefins, polymer α-olefins, internal terminal olefins, aromatic compounds, naphthenes, carboxylic acid esters with monohydric and polyhydric alcohols, ethers, acetals, carbonic acid esters, fatty alcohols, silicone oils, oligoamides, amides, oligoimides, imides, oligoketones, ketones.

Preferably, the amount of the aqueous phase in volume percent is equal to or greater than 30-35%, preferably equal to or greater than 40%, particularly preferably equal to or greater than 50%, of the mixture of water and oil, the multicomponent mixture was made as the drilling fluid used in mainland and / or preferably offshore drilling soil, particularly in the development of oil and / or gas fields, with the preferred drilling fluids with a phase inversion temperature in the range of equal to or less than 50 ^o C, and especially in the range of from 20 to 35 ^o.

 It is desirable that the TFI of the entire system is consistent with the operating conditions of the drilling fluid in such a way that the drilling fluid saturated with the drilling fluid after it is separated from the drilling fluid can be cleaned by washing with cold water, in particular sea water, and preferably when performing phase inversion from W / M to M / V, the mixture made in the form of a drilling fluid had in the temperature range from 10 to 15 C above the temperature limit between the average phase of the emulsion and the inversion range of the I / O plastic viscosity of PV not more 100 MPa • s, preferably not more than 80 MPa • s, particularly preferably in the range from 30 to 45 MPa • s, and the yield strength of PT not more than 80 pounds per 100 square feet, mainly not more than 50 pounds per 100 square feet, particularly preferably in the range of 10 to 25 pounds per 100 square feet.

 The present invention is distinguished in this case by the use of emulsifiers and / or emulsifier systems, which determine, in the respective multicomponent mixture, the temperature reversal at phase inversion temperature (TFI) within the temperature range, the upper boundary of which is so much lower than the working temperature of the multicomponent mixture in the geological opening zone rocks, so that the water-based part of this multicomponent mixture is presented as a dispersed (invert) phase in dispersed oil phase (emulsion type B / M), and the lower boundary of this temperature range provided the possibility of converting this multicomponent mixture into an emulsion type M / B with a dispersed aqueous phase.

 A particularly important embodiment of the present invention relates to the use of such multicomponent systems in the application of invert W / M flushing fluids (drilling fluids) when drilling soil to limit the required amount of oil phase while ensuring the state of an invert emulsion of B / M type, as well as for inerting flushing liquid containing water, in direct contact with the walls of the well and drilled soil in the high temperature zone and to simplify the disposal of saturated drilling mud solution of drill cuttings due to phase inversion of the drilling fluid in the lower temperature range.

 At temperatures below the phase inversion temperature, the formation and development of oil-in-water emulsions is predictable and controlled, and at temperatures above the phase inversion temperature, the formation of an invert water-in-oil emulsion. Preferred use is given to emulsifiers and / or emulsifier systems having preferably at least partially a substantially non-ionic structure and / or linking non-ionic and anionic structural elements to each other in the molecule structure of emulsifiers and / or emulsifier systems.

и др.Although the use of the declared principle of operation is not necessarily associated with the use of emulsifiers and / or emulsifier systems of a nonionic structure, the subsequent description of the general and preferred forms of execution according to the invention is nevertheless explained, first of all, by the example of the use of such nonionic emulsifiers and / or emulsifier systems . And for the practical implementation of the declared principle, this class of emulsifiers is especially proposed. The effect of salt saturation of the aqueous phase, especially salts of multivalent cations, on the emulsifying effect of this class of substances is relatively small. But the use of just such salt-saturated aqueous phases in flushing liquids may be important for regulating the osmotic pressure balance between the flushing liquid, on the one hand, and the liquid phase in the surrounding rock, on the other. Nonionic emulsifiers and / or emulsifier systems can be used as preferred fluid components for preferred forms of the invention even at room or slightly elevated temperatures. The range of suitable non-ionic emulsifiers is so wide and at the same time includes reagents of both natural and synthetic origin that can ensure the use of optimized emulsifier systems in terms of environmental compatibility, and if necessary, taking into account the possibility of poisoning sea water. At the same time, the main components used in this case are affordable. But the decisive factor for the preferred choice of nonionic emulsifying components in accordance with the invention is their pronounced dependence on the phase inversion temperature in the corresponding oil system, which can be further decisively controlled by the quantitative ratios of the oil phase to emulsifiers / emulsifying components in the mixture, see the aforementioned publication

and etc.

In preferred embodiments of the invention, emulsifiers / emulsifier systems are coordinated with other, as appropriate, specifically indicated parameters, according to the composition of the washing liquid, so that the phase inversion temperature of the multicomponent mixture is in the temperature range, the lower boundary of which is the solidification temperature of its aqueous phase. As already briefly mentioned, usually in the washing systems of the species considered in this case there is an aqueous phase, which may contain significant amounts of dissolved organic and / or inorganic auxiliary substances, for example, salts for the establishment and regulation of pressure compensation of competing aqueous phases and their osmotic pressures in the surrounding rock, on the one hand, and in the flushing fluid, on the other hand. The solidification temperature of such aqueous phases saturated with salts can be significantly lower than 0 ^{° C.} , for example, in the range from minus 10 to minus 20 ^° C. The preferred lower limit for the phase inversion temperature or for the phase inversion temperature range of a multicomponent mixture is about 0 ^{° C.} so that the preferred ranges for this lower limit of phase inversion temperatures are from 0 to 5 ^{° C.} , preferably from 10 to 15 or even up to 20 ^° C. In the following, the question of the practical value of these comparatives will be considered but low limits for determining the temperature range of phase inversion in connection with the preferred specific forms of execution of the invention.

 In order to determine the upper limit of the temperature range established in accordance with the invention, within which phase inversion occurs during cooling, the following general and preferred data are taken into account.

The upper limit of the temperature range for phase inversion should be sufficiently removed from the range of stable invert emulsion type B / M. Thus, it is advisable that the upper boundary of the considered temperature range of the phase inversion be lower than the operating temperature of the multicomponent mixture in the geological opening zone by at least 3-5 ^° C. True, more pronounced intervals between these two temperature parameters are preferred in this case . So, it may be advisable to establish in the preferred forms of execution the temperature range for the opposed in this case parameters of at least 10-15 ^o C, preferably at least 20-30 ^o C. Thus, in practice there will be no particular difficulties. After all, in the hot zone of the soil, temperature ranges of up to 100 ^o C and much higher are reached relatively quickly.

Thus, according to the invention, it is generally preferred to set an upper limit for determining a phase inversion temperature or a phase inversion temperature range at a maximum of 100 ^{° C.} or somewhat higher temperatures, for example, a maximum of 110-120 ^° C. In preferred embodiments, the upper limit for selecting and setting the phase inversion temperature is below 100 ^o C, for example, the maximum level of 80 to 90 ^o C, preferably at most 60 ^o C, particularly preferably at most 50 ^o C. In the illustrated gave e in a more concrete form to the invention particularly preferred embodiment the value of the phase inversion temperature may be the most appropriate in a range from 20 to 35 or up to 40 ^o C. This can be explained by the following considerations.

The use according to the invention of multicomponent mixtures as a fluid and pumped drilling fluid, for example when drilling wells, provides for the constant circulation of this liquid phase in the soil from top to bottom and from there - with cuttings of cuttings - again up to the drilling platform. Here, on the drilling platform, the cuttings are separated (usually by sieving), and the resulting fluid and pumped liquid phase is collected in a spare tank from which the invert flushing fluid is again pumped into the well. As part of this circulation loop, the flushing fluid passes through a substantial temperature profile, even if it, being saturated with drill cuttings, is fed upward in a hot state. The separation and intermediate storage of the washing phase in a spare tank leads, as a rule, to a decrease in its own temperature, for example, to values in the range from 40 to 60 ^o C.

By matching the phase inversion or phase inversion temperature with this condition, the invention provides a preferred embodiment in which phase inversion in the circulating washing liquid cannot occur in relatively colder areas outside the soil. If the TFI (phase inversion temperature range) of the system is installed and maintained with a sufficient margin below a predetermined limit value, for example 50 ^o C, then in this case this goal can be achieved by simple means. Even in the cold season, circulating flushing fluid can be maintained - for example, by installing the appropriate heating elements in a spare tank - such limits for the set temperature of the pumped invert phase of the solution. But for the processing and disposal of cuttings of cuttings in this case, the advantages of the claimed technical realization are revealed, namely: due to a significant decrease in temperature, the phase inversion temperature range is shifted down, and if necessary, goes beyond it, so that first in the particles of washing liquid adhered to fragments of cuttings, a microemulsion middle phase is formed, and with a further decrease in temperature, an M / B type emulsion phase based on water is formed. It immediately becomes clear that due to this, the separation of residual oil adhering to the cuttings of the cuttings can be greatly simplified.

So, for example, in mainland and / or especially offshore well drilling, it may be advisable to use solutions with a phase inversion temperature in the range equal to or less than 50 ^o С, well, for example, from 20 to 35 ^o С. In this case, on the one hand , it becomes possible to obtain a circulation circuit without phase reversal and, thus, continuous operation in the invert drilling fluid range of type B / M. But the separated rock can be subjected to simplified cleaning (preferably at the place of work), or it can simply be dumped. Using general information, it is possible to find, accordingly, the optimal concrete form of its disposal. For example, the following may occur.

 If the drilled rock, saturated with flushing fluids made in accordance with the claimed invention, is simply discharged directly into the sea when drilling from offshore platforms, then a temperature-controlled invert phase (emulsion middle phase) will quickly form in the remnants of this flushing fluid as a result of cooling with sea water and then an M / B type emulsion. The effect of dilution with surrounding seawater can be fully manifested, the resulting oil droplets will no longer stick to the rock, thus becoming mobile. And at least partially, they will float to the surface of seawater, reaching a zone of relatively high oxygen concentration there, and then undergo relatively easier aerobic decomposition.

 Similarly, in a separate operation (preferably at the place of work), at least partial cleaning of the utilized cuttings from the oil phase can be performed, namely: with the appropriate choice of the temperature range of the invert middle phase, the level required by the existing technical level for the tertiary oil production method is established with the help of water flooding, an especially easy leachability of the oil phase is provided, which makes it possible to carry out the corresponding leaching process without unforeseen expenses omyvochnymi aqueous liquid, such as a sea water. Due to the subsequent reduction in temperature, the formation range of the M / B type emulsion is established, which makes it easy to separate into the aqueous and oil phases as a possible operation of such a cleaning step.

With this consideration in mind, it becomes clear that the preferred drilling fluids for the mainland and / or offshore drilling of wells, especially for exploratory drilling for oil and / or gas, can be performed in such a way that these fluids will have a phase inversion temperature range equal to or less than 50 ^o C, preferably equal to or less than 40 ^o C and especially preferably in the range from 20 to 35 ^o C. TFI total system can be, in particular, compatible with the operating conditions of the drilling solution so that a saturated solution of the cuttings after separation from the drilling mud can be purified by washing with cold water, in particular sea and preferably with phase inversion from the system w / o to o / w.

 These considerations illustrate, in particular, the high flexibility of the claimed invention regarding the quality of the oil phase used in a particular case. The high environmental requirements of this method can also be met when disposing of drill cuttings using in oil / gas invert systems such as oil phases that could not be used before due to their incompatibility with environmental requirements, and in particular , due to their insufficient ability to naturally decompose under anaerobic conditions. This opens up completely new possibilities for the optimization of the three main parameters envisaged by the claimed invention (technical perfection and full environmental compatibility with an acceptable ratio of costs to the resulting effect), namely: due to the previously described possibilities of targeted or spontaneous cleaning and release of drill cuttings from adhered oil particles during marine oil production with the discharge of drill cuttings into the sea on the seabed will no longer accumulate large quantities of oil phase requiring further decomposition. Natural aerobic decomposition processes in the oxygen-rich layer of seawater become effective. Using a simple pre-flush with cold water, at least the largest part of the oil can be separated from the drill cuttings before discharge.

-олефины (ЛАО); олефины с внутренними связями (ОВС) и/или полимерные α-олефины (ПАО); ароматические соединения; нафтены; сложные эфиры карбоновой кислоты; простые эфиры; ацетали; сложные эфиры угольной кислоты; жирные спирты; силиконовые масла; (олиго)-амиды; (олиго)-имиды и/или (олиго)-кетоны.Thus, it becomes clear that when considering the claimed invention we are talking about a General wide range of potential oil phases, known to date. So, for example, oil phases or mixtures of oil phases which are at least
partially - preferably at least in large part - belong to the following classes of substances:
straight and branched chain saturated hydrocarbons and / or cyclic; unsaturated olefinic hydrocarbons, in particular linear

olefins (LAO); internal olefins (OVS) and / or polymeric α-olefins (PAO); aromatic compounds; naphthenes; carboxylic acid esters; ethers; acetals; carbonic esters; fatty alcohols; silicone oils; (oligo) amides; (oligo) imides and / or (oligo) ketones.

 The concept of carboxylic acid esters cited earlier in this connection encompasses, on the one hand, the corresponding esters of monocarboxylic and / or polycarboxylic acids, and on the other hand, the corresponding esters of monofunctional and / or polyfunctional alcohols. In this regard, once again it is strongly indicated that the publications cited at the beginning of this work related to the applicant’s work on the use of the corresponding phases of esters in the area considered in this case. Outside of these literary sources, for the variant of the submitted application, the following is now revealed.

 In the forms of execution of the multicomponent mixtures considered in this work, corresponding to the submitted application, and, in particular, in the correspondingly obtained washing liquids, esters of polyfunctional alcohols with monocarboxylic acids and in particular, glycerol esters of natural and / or artificial origin. In the technical literature, it has long been known that it is possible to use naturally occurring oils - and thus the corresponding esters of higher unsaturated fatty acids based on glycerol - as an environmentally friendly oil phase in reversed flushing fluids of type B / M. In the publications of the applicant mentioned at the beginning of the present work on the ester-based washing liquids problem considered in the present case, it is said that this statement of the technical literature is purely theoretical, but has not been implemented in practice so far. Now, when using systems that correspond to the submitted application and are discussed in detail later, it turns out quite unexpectedly that in this case it is possible to use or jointly use such triglycerides of natural and / or artificial origin as the oil phase or in the oil phase of washing liquids. So, for example, triglycerides of vegetable and / or animal origin, for example, such as rapeseed oil or fish oil, can be used, which can be extremely interesting both from the point of view of environmental protection, and from the point of view of the ratio of costs and the resulting effect. Obviously, the options for the composition of washing fluids (possibly due to the choice of the type and amount of preferred emulsifiers) associated with the technical implementation of the claimed concept will thus create modified basic prerequisites so that the desired technical use of such oil phases for the first time really becomes possible for the first time. in particular, of natural origin.

 Thus, from the point of view of the chemical structure, in principle, all oil phases are suitable, allowing the establishment of the physical parameters necessary in the technology under consideration, which will be discussed in detail below. The aspect of optimal environmental compatibility remains, of course, important when choosing the oil phase, but it is not given to it - even taking into account the provisions of the law - at the present time. Thanks to the use of temperature-controlled, targeted phase inversion, it becomes possible to dispose of the part that meets the requirements of environmental protection that has so far been the most difficult to work with invert based flushing fluids of the B / M type.

 In addition to this simplification, the invention also opens up the possibility of fulfilling environmental protection requirements on a scale not known to date. Due to the choice of particularly environmentally friendly oil phases for use in invert washing fluids, on the one hand, and due to the possibility of minimizing decomposition processes to a minimum provided by the invention, on the other hand, we can talk about the result of the work, unknown up to now, in understanding the purpose corresponding to the claimed invention. In this regard, one should especially take into account the generally known, but now able in accordance with the invention to use with particular advantage the possibility of using certain mixtures of oils as the oil phase of washing systems. For example, on the one hand, mixtures of oils that are relatively heavily decomposed under anaerobic and / or aerobic conditions and oils that decompose, on the other hand, are especially easy to use under anaerobic and / or aerobic conditions, that is, mixtures which under optimal the form of disposal of drill cuttings in accordance with the submitted application represent an important step towards solving the problems of general optimization.

 In this regard, we should first discuss in detail the technology of invert systems of the B / M type considered in this case. And in this case, a significant expansion of technical innovations in comparison with the existing technical level is proposed.

 Invert systems of type B / M of a traditional type and, in particular, corresponding invert systems of flushing liquids contain, according to current practice, an oil phase in an amount of not less than 50 vol.% Of the total volume of oil and water phases. Usually, the content of the oil phase in practical use is much higher, for example, in the range from 70 to 90 vol. % mixture of oil and water. Although inverted flushing mixtures with a low oil content are mentioned in the specialized literature, in practice, in particular, for currently required systems with sufficient environmental compatibility, this range of mixtures with a relatively low oil content does not play any role.

 Already at the very beginning it was pointed out that the temperature range of the TFI is consistent, among other things, with the help of the quantitative ratio of the oil phase, in particular, with the amount of nonionic emulsifier / emulsifier system. This means that the higher the amount of emulsifier / emulsifier system used relative to the amount of oil phase, the more significantly decreases, as a rule, the temperature range for establishing the temperature of the phase inversion. But at the same time, in practical work, the stability of the invert emulsion of the B / M type rises so high that the range of practically used quantitative ratios in the corresponding mixture of oil and water expands significantly. Thus, for the structure of multiphase and preferably pumped mixtures, the quantitative ratios (in volume parts) of the aqueous phase to the oil phase lie in the following ranges: from 90-10 water to 10-90 oil. Moreover, ratios from 85 to 20 water to 15 to 80 oils may be preferred. Considering the emulsifiers / emulsifier systems considered in the following, it is possible to work without any complications with water / oil ratios containing an aqueous phase in an amount of at least 30-40 parts by volume or even at least 50 parts by volume, for example in an amount from 55 to 85 parts by volume. Thus, the oil phase can also become quantitatively a minor component, providing, for example, in the range of at least 10-15, preferably from 20 to 50 volume parts relative to the total water and oil content, stable inversion conditions of the B / M system in the temperature range practical use in the well. In this sense, multicomponent mixtures corresponding to the present application may be preferred, the proportion of which in the water-based phase (in volume percent relative to the oil-water mixture) is equal to or greater than 30-35%, preferably equal to or greater than 40%, and particularly preferably equal to or greater than 50 % The mixing range with a predominant proportion of water can be given particular importance, and again, in this case, amounts up to 85 vol.%, In particular in the range from 55 or 60 to 80 vol.%, Phases based on water can be especially preferred. Thus, invert flushing liquids of type B / M with a very low content of the oil phase, which should not be more than 20-40 vol.% Relative to the liquid phases, but still ensure compliance with the requirements for operation, fall within the scope of the claimed invention . It immediately becomes apparent that the solution to the disposal problem is greatly simplified.

 Concerning the chemical properties, in particular, nonionic emulsifiers, which make it possible to perform temperature-controlled phase inversion, or on the issues of the corresponding emulsifier systems containing nonionic components, one can refer to extremely extensive specialized information and the corresponding specialized literature. In the publication already mentioned at the beginning of this work, Shinoda et al., Enciclopedia of Emulsion Technology, 1983, Volume 1, p. 337-367 provides a list of more than 100 special representatives of emulsifiers, which for the most part belong to the class of nonionic. It also indicates in tabular form (Table 4 in the aforementioned source) the HLB index for the corresponding chemical component. In particular, this covers a range of numbers from 1 to 20. In addition, in part of the printed special material, one can refer to the publication of Gordon L. Hollis, Surfactants Europa, Third Edition, The Rojal Society of Chemistry, in particular , in chapter 4 of this work, Nonionics (pp. 139-317). The unusually extensive specialized literature is also referred to, for example, in the following publications that appeared in the form of books: M.J. Schick (M.J. Schick. NONIONIC SUFRACTANTS, Marcel Dekker, INC, New York, 1967); H. W. Stache (N.W. Stache. ANIONIC SUFRACTANTS, Marcel Dekker, INC, New York, Basel, Hong Kong); N. Schoenfeldt (Dr. N. Schoenfeldt. Grenzflaechenaktive Ethylenoxyd-Addukte, Wissenschaftliche Verlagsgesellschaft mbH, Stuttgart, 1976).

и др. ) температурный диапазон фазовой инверсии для заданных смесей веществ, состоящих из масляной фазы, эмульгатора и/или смеси эмульгаторов и водной фазы. В соответствии с этим ниже описываются некоторые дополнительные предпочитаемые в соответствии с изобретением элементы, определяющие выбор эмульгаторов и/или систем эмульгаторов.From this extensive information on emulsifiers, as well as on emulsifier systems, at least in part non-ionic, can also be calculated using the information previously indicated (Shinoda et al., As well

etc.) the temperature range of phase inversion for given mixtures of substances consisting of an oil phase, an emulsifier and / or a mixture of emulsifiers and an aqueous phase. In accordance with this, some additional elements preferred in accordance with the invention that determine the choice of emulsifiers and / or emulsifier systems are described below.

 In order to regulate and coordinate the required range of TFI with a correspondingly given mixture of a multicomponent system - in particular, taking into account the choice of the oil phase by type and quantity, and also taking into account the saturation of the aqueous phase with soluble components - it turned out to be advisable to use multicomponent emulsifier systems. While preferred may be mixtures containing at least one main emulsifying component together with coemulsifiers. In the preferred form of execution, again, the main emulsifying components are provided, which, along with their suitability for temperature-controlled phase inversion, have a relatively high range of HLB indices. Components with corresponding HLB values from 6 to 20, and preferably from 7 to 18, are characterized as suitable non-ionic major emulsifying components. These main components are preferably used in conjunction with coemulsifiers having a more pronounced lipophilic nature, which have lower HLB values relative to the corresponding main emulsifying component (or components). Accordingly, suitable co-emulsifiers have indicators in the range of numbers below that indicated for the main emulsifying component (s). Suitable co-emulsifiers may relate with their HLB values to this range as well, but in this case, as a rule, they will have lower values than the corresponding individual indicators of emulsifying main components present in the mixture.

 For the practical implementation of the claimed invention revealed as a particularly interesting next option. Currently used in practice, in particular in oil-based washing liquids, water emulsion emulsifiers according to an important embodiment of the claimed invention can assume the function of a relatively enhanced lipophilic coemulsifier in emulsifier mixtures in accordance with the present application. It is absolutely obvious that this embodiment of the claimed invention may be of particular interest. The accumulated special information on the structure of invert emulsions of the B / M type based on oil and the corresponding drilling fluids can be mainly saved. But as a result of the addition of one or more other emulsifying components of the type described above, providing the possibility of temperature-controlled phase inversion in an invert system of type B / M, it becomes possible to implement the claimed invention. The transition tested in practice of multicomponent systems of the type considered in this work to fulfill the requirements of the claimed invention can be significantly simplified due to this. So, for example, traditional washing liquids, even if they were already in use, can be converted by adding the described co-emulsifiers to the phase inversion temperature systems corresponding to this application.

 Particular importance in the work can be given to the following.

 Suitable oil phases for use include compounds that simultaneously have an excellent co-emulsifying effect when interacting with the emulsifier / oil phase complex. A classic example of this is lipophilic fatty alcohols of natural and / or synthetic origin. If there is sufficient fluidity, they can be a valuable component of the oil phase or even completely make up it, at the same time they act on added major emulsifying components with an increased hydrophilic character in the direction of a targeted reduction in the temperature range of phase inversion. Alcohols of this kind are, as you know, environmentally acceptable components. They can decompose both under aerobic and anaerobic conditions. Their mixtures with other oil components, which, in particular, may be more difficult to decompose, give in this case valuable results from the point of view of the stated concept of general optimization. But other oil phases known from the literature, having predominantly lipophilic fractions of molecules with integrated groups of increased polarity, can accordingly have a self-emulsifying effect. Examples of such examples are (oligo) amides, (oligo) imides and (oligo) ketones.

Of the large number of nonionic emulsifiers, the main emulsifying components and / or co-emulsifiers that are particularly successful from the point of view of the invention can relate to at least one of the following classes of substances:
(oligo) -alkoxylates of monomer units (structural units) of natural and / or synthetic origin, containing lipophilic residues and providing the possibility of alkoxylation, in particular lower alkoxylates, in which case particular importance is attached to the corresponding ethoxylates and / or propoxylates. Moreover, the ratio of the length of the residues of alkylates to the lipophilic residues present in the molecule determines in a known manner the predetermined mixing ratio of hydrophilic and lipophilic groups and the related dependence of the HLB values. Alkoxylates of this type are known to be such nonionic emulsifiers, that is, with free hydroxyl groups located at the ends of the alkylates. But the corresponding compounds can also have closed end groups, for example, due to the formation of esters and / or ethers.

 Another important class of nonionic emulsifiers from the point of view of the present invention are partial esters and / or partial esters of polyfunctional alcohols, in particular containing from 2 to 6 carbon atoms and from 2 to 6 hydroxyl groups, and / or their oligomers with acids and / or alcohols containing lipophilic residues. Also suitable are, in particular, compounds of this type, which additionally contain in their molecular structure bound (oligo) alkoxy radicals and especially residues of oligo-ethoxy groups. Polyfunctional alcohols containing from 2 to 6 hydroxyl groups in the monomer unit, or oligomers derived from them can be, in particular, diols and / or triols or their oligomerization products, with particular emphasis on glycol and glycerol or their oligomers. But other polyfunctional alcohols of the type indicated here, in general, such as trimethylolpropane, pentaerythritol, and even glycosides or their corresponding oligomers, can be monomer units for reactions with lipophilic residues containing acids and / or alcohols, which in this case will be important emulsifying components in accordance with the claimed invention. Incomplete ethers of polyfunctional alcohols also include known non-ionic emulsifiers such as polymers of ethylene oxide / propylene oxide / butylene oxide obtained by bulk polymerization.

 Another example of suitable emulsifying components are alkyl (poly) glycosides of long chain alcohols, as well as the already indicated fatty alcohols of natural and / or synthetic origin and / or alkylolamides, amine oxides and lecithins. The joint use of the currently available commercially available alkyl (poly) glycoside compounds (APGs) as emulsifying components may also be of particular interest because in this case we are talking about a class of emulsifiers that have a particularly pronounced environmental compatibility. In this case, for example, to control phase inversion in the temperature ranges described in accordance with this application, other main emulsifying components, for example, niotenside compounds with a pronounced tendency to phase inversion, can be partially used. For example, the already mentioned compounds of the alkoxylate type, in particular the corresponding compounds of the type of oligoethoxylate components, are considered. True, one can also establish this variation of the improved controllability of the phase inversion mode by means of the corresponding oligoalkoxylation of the APG components themselves. By using a special choice of APG components by type and quantity for their use as the main emulsifiers and co-emulsifiers, for example, currently used inverted emulsifiers of type B / M, the requirements can be fulfilled in this case without using any other auxiliary substances with emulsifying effect.

 It should be indicated additionally, without pretending to be complete, from the classes of emulsifying components used in the present work for the following representatives. (Oligo) -alkoxylates of monomer units containing lipophilic residues can be obtained, in particular, from selected representatives of the following classes of monomer units containing lipophilic residues: fatty alcohols, fatty acids, fatty amines, fatty amides, fatty alcohol esters and ethers, and / or fatty acids, alkanolamides, alkyl phenols and / or their reaction products with formaldehyde, as well as other reaction products of carrier molecules containing lipophilic residues with lower alkoxides. As already indicated, the corresponding reaction products may at least partially have closed end groups. Examples of partial esters and / or ethers of polyfunctional alcohols are, in particular, corresponding partial esters with fatty acids, for example, glycerol mono- and / or diesters, glycol monoesters, corresponding oligomerized polyfunctional alcohols, partial esters sorbitan and the like, as well as corresponding compounds with ether moieties. In this case, you can link to extensive specific information. Such partial esters and / or ethers can, in particular, serve as monomer units for (oligo) alkoxylation.

 As already indicated, an essential determining element of the invention is the fact that emulsifiers / emulsifier systems are matched by their quantity in a multicomponent mixture with the proportion of the oil phase represented in it. Accordingly, the content of preferred emulsifiers is in the range of ≥1 wt.%, Preferably in the range of 5 to 60 wt.%, Relative to the oil phase. For the practical work according to the invention, when using emulsifiers / emulsifier systems - again with respect to the oil phase - the following quantitative ranges have been particularly successful: from 10 to 50 wt.%, Preferably from 15 to 40 wt.% And most preferably in the range from 20 to 35 wt.%. Thus, in this case, there are increased costs of emulsifiers compared with the quantities of traditional invert emulsion systems of type B / M for the operating range according to the claimed invention. But this is not a drawback: on the one hand, in this case, as already indicated, the required oil consumption in the oil-water mixture is sharply reduced compared to existing practice without the need to take into account any disadvantages resulting from this. On the other hand, it is necessary to take into account the situation presented earlier from the point of view that the selected oil phases - represented, for example, by fatty alcohols - can fulfill a dual function and, thus, in accordance with the invention, can be both an oil phase and simultaneously an effective co-emulsifier. It is clear that from this point of view, in terms of setting the task, completely new possibilities open up for optimizing systems and processes.

Regarding the choice of oil phases, in addition to the previously presented data, the following additions are also valid: an initially emulsifier-free oil phase should be at least largely insoluble in the aqueous emulsion phase and, at the same time, preferably fluid and pumped also at room temperature. It is desirable and / or preferable that the flash point of the oil phases be above 50-60 ^{° C.} , preferably ≥80-100 ^{° C.} , particularly preferably ≥120 ^° C. Further, it is advisable to use oil phases that have a temperature range from 0 to 10 ^o With Brookfield viscosity not more than 55 MPa • s, preferably not more than 45 MPa • s. In this case, one can refer to the mentioned special literature on the issue of modern invert emulsions of the "water in oil" type. In particular, reference is made to the applicant's European patents mentioned at the beginning of this work, the interpretation of which, therefore, also becomes the subject of this application.

The corresponding also applies to mixtures formed as a drilling fluid, consisting of an aqueous phase, an oil phase, emulsifiers and conventional additives. In this case, in particular, it is assumed that the mixture formed as a drilling fluid has in the temperature range from 10 to 15 ^° C above the boundary temperature between the emulsion middle phase and the W / M phase inversion range the plastic viscosity of not more than 100 mPa · s. Preferred are appropriate drilling fluids, the plastic viscosity of which is not more than 80 MPa • s, and particularly preferred, the plastic viscosity of which is in the range from 30 to 45 MPa • s. The yield strength of drilling fluids made in accordance with this application should be in the temperature range from 10 to 15 ^o With above the boundary temperature between the emulsion middle phase and the temperature range of the phase inversion W / M not more than 80 pounds per 100 square feet. The preferred yield strengths are in this case not more than 50 pounds per 100 square feet, in particular above 4-5 pounds per 100 square feet, for example in the range of 10 to 25 pounds per 100 square feet.

 The corresponding appropriateness of the structure of the fluid according to the invention is determined, in general, by the requirements currently existing in practice. And in this case, you can give a link to the vast amount of publications on the prior art, which is indicated in the framework of the description of the present invention, in particular on invert washing fluids of type B / M. The mixtures corresponding to the present invention and used as drilling fluids contain, for example, additional additives commonly used in this field, such as viscosity agents, filtration reducers, fine grains, salts, and, if necessary, additives to maintain the alkalinity reserve, and / or biocides. More detailed data, also valid for the execution of drilling fluids in accordance with the submitted application, are indicated, for example, in European patent EP 374672. The joint use of water-soluble methyl glycoside compounds in the aqueous phase is also within the scope of the present invention, see, for example, PCT international patent application WO 94/14919.

 In this regard, one feature should be pointed out, based on known information for the area considered here, but nevertheless, as a rule, that did not play any role in the composition of water-oil invert washing fluids of type B / M existing up to now.

 It is known that water-based emulsion washing liquids and, in particular, M / B type washing systems can also be stabilized in a relatively low temperature range against the undesired precipitation of solids dispersed in the washing liquid due to the action of water-soluble polymer compounds. In principle, in this case, suitable water-soluble polymer compounds of both natural and synthetic origin can be used. References to specific information may also be given on this subject.

 The claimed invention provides, if necessary, the possibility of cooling the entire washing liquid outside the working area so that in this case a phase inversion can occur until the formation of an emulsion washing liquid of type M / B. In this case, in order to stabilize the system sufficiently, the rules in this area apply, so in this case, in particular, the possibility of using such stabilizing water-soluble polymer compounds and / or water source clays can also be considered. Their presence in the invert flushing liquid of type B / M in the hot working area does not interfere.

 Detailed special information on the structure of working fluids of the type considered in this application and, in particular, washing liquids based on water and / or oil, as well as on the auxiliary substances used in this connection in practice, is available, for example, in the aforementioned book of George R. Gray and H.K.H. Darley Composition in Properties of Oil Well Drilling Fluids, 4th Edition, 1980/81, Gulf Publishing Company, Houston. In connection with the problems raised, special mention should be made to Chapter 1, “Introduction to the issue of flushing fluids” and to Chapter 11, “Components of flushing fluids”.

 A characteristic feature of all hydraulic fluids and, in particular, for flushing wells according to the present application, despite the use of all known auxiliary substances in themselves, is the following: as a result of the correct selection and coordination of emulsifiers / emulsifier systems by type and quantity, in particular , in terms of the quality of the oil phase used, as a result of contact with the well wall and the high operating temperature available in this zone — at least on the contact surface of the hot soil with the emulsion d - an invert phase of the B / M type is formed above the middle phase of the emulsion. Outside the working zone of the soil, a temperature reduction is provided, while again the selection and coordination of the parameters indicated earlier can in various ways regulate the ratio of the available fractions of the washing liquid in its entirety or go to the separated parts again. And finally, with the help of this, the initially formulated problem can be realized in an unknown way until now.

 The following examples describe specific embodiments of the invention, without limiting it in any way.

 Examples.

 The following examples 1 to 7 give, firstly, a selection of frame formulations characterized by a basic oil phase / water or water phase / emulsifier (emulsifier system). And if in example 1 this formulation is limited to these main components, then the following examples 2 to 7 include additional components traditionally used in the preparation of drilling fluids.

 In the tables of these examples, certain numerical values of the temperature range of the phase inversion are separated by the corresponding systems, while the temperature inversion temperature range itself is characterized by its upper and lower temperature limits, respectively.

 In this case, the experimental determination of the temperature of phase inversion is carried out on the basis of measuring the electrical conductivity of water emulsions depending on temperature. Details of the experiments are presented in the EP 0345586 and EP 0521981 mentioned in the general description of European patent applications.

 Some of the components respectively used in the formulations of these examples are indicated by their trade names. In particular, this applies to the following.

 Oil phase.

 Cetiol OE is a di-n-octyl ether essential oil.

 ОМС 586 is an oil phase based on a mixture of esters, mainly of saturated fatty acids, based on oil of oil of palm oil and 2-ethylhexanol, containing mainly fatty acids with 12-14 carbon atoms.

 Mineral oil Na-359 is a fraction of a low aromatic mineral oil used for invert flushing fluids.

 Emulsifiers.

 Dehydol LT 5 is a fatty alcohol with 12-18 carbon atoms and 5 ethylene oxide units (EO).

 Cetiol HE is an ester of polyhydric alcohols and fatty acids based on polyoxyethylene glyceryl monococoate.

 Degimuls SML - sorbitan monolaurate.

 Eumulgin EP4 - oleyl alcohol + 4 EO.

 Lutenzene TO5 and / or TO7 - isotridecyl alcohol + 5 EO and / or + 7 EO.

 Dehydol 980 is a fatty alcohol with 10-14 carbon atoms + 1.6 propylene oxide units (PO) + 6.4 EO.

 RS 1100 - soybean polyhydric alcohol 85 + 61 EO.

 Ez-Mul NTE is an invert emulsifier for water-in-oil systems, trade name Baroid, Aberdeen.

 Excipients.

 Gelton II - organophilic bentonite.

 Duraton is an organophilic lignite.

 Tylose VHR, as well as CMC E HVT, are cold water soluble polymer compounds based on carboxymethyl cellulose.

 Natrozole Plus is a hydroxyethyl cellulose-based polymer compound soluble in cold water.

 The filler substances indicated in addition to the tables are understandable by their chemical identification.

 Example 1

 Mixtures consisting of equal amounts of an oil phase based on ether and water and / or a 5% aqueous solution of calcium chloride are adjusted in a conventional manner using a nonionic emulsifier to a homogeneous state. Then, their conductivity is determined on the corresponding emulsions depending on the temperature, and the temperature range of the phase inversion is thus determined. The results obtained in this case are given in table. 1 (see the end of the description).

 Example 2

 In three comparative experiments, the dependence of the temperature range of the phase inversion is determined in principle of comparable, but in particular, different systems. In this case, the following is valid.

 The essential oil phase and emulsifier in all formulations correspond to the compounds used in Example 1. But together with them in this case, the usual auxiliary substances used in the manufacture of weighted drilling fluids are mixed as additional components. The differences between the three compositions of this example are characterized as follows.

 Example 2a

 The ratio "oil phase / water phase (5% solution of calcium chloride)" is taken in equal mass quantities.

 Example 2b

 Dramatically reduce the proportion of the oil phase compared with the aqueous (12 mass parts of the oil phase to 41 mass parts of water). In both examples 2a and 2b, a polymer compound soluble in cold water is additionally mixed in the lower temperature range as a thickener for the aqueous phase.

 Example 2c.

 Maintain the basic formulation of example 2b, but make the following changes: the salt content of the aqueous phase increases from 5 wt.% Calcium chloride to 30 wt. % However, this formulation does not use a thickener soluble in cold water.

For all mixtures of substances, the phase inversion range is measured. In addition, the viscosity of the mixtures is determined, firstly, at a temperature clearly below the phase inversion range (viscosity at 25 ^° C) and, secondly, at a temperature clearly above the phase inversion range (viscosity at 70 ^° C). The results are shown in table. 2 (see the end of the description).

 And in this case, the decrease in the phase inversion range is clearly seen with an increase in the concentration of salts in the aqueous phase (comparison of Example 2c with Example 2b). The low viscosity value of a multicomponent mixture, which is a water-based oil-in-water wash liquid, at temperatures below the phase inversion temperature (Example 2b) is determined using a small amount of hydroxyethyl cellulose-based thickener.

 Example 3

 In the table. In Examples 3a and 3b, the oil phase of the corresponding multicomponent mixture is modified. In this case, OMS 586 essential oil is used. In this case, in the same way as in the basic formulations of Example 2, the oil and water phases are taken in equal amounts (Example 3a), and then (Example 3b) the oil / water ratio is sharply reduced again " For both mixtures of substances determine the temperature range of phase inversion.

 Example 4

 Using the sample formulation of Example 3b, an essential oil-based wash liquid is made and the temperature range of phase inversion is determined. In the table. Figure 4 shows separately the results of temperature measurements: in one case, with its increase ("up") and in the other case, with its decrease ("down").

Other samples of this multicomponent mixture after aging are subjected to testing in a so-called rotary kiln after exposure to an autoclave for 16 hours. In this case, the aging of one sample (example 4b) is carried out at a temperature of 121 ^o C, and the aging of another sample (example 4c) - at a temperature of 149 ^o C.

 After that, on the samples that have passed aging, determine the temperature ranges of phase inversion ("up" and "down"). Tab. 4 shows that although aging has a certain effect on the range of TFI, the deviations are within the range considered real from the point of view of practical use.

 Example 5

In the next two formulations, the oil phase is again replaced. This time, a linear LAO (C _14/16 ) α-olefin is used, sold on the market and used in practice as an oil phase in water-in-oil invert flushing liquids.

 Using the same emulsifier as the example of the compositions of Example 3, two washing liquid compositions are compared with each other, having in one case the ratio of the oil phase to the aqueous 1: 1 (Example 5a), and in the other case, a significantly lower ratio of the oil phase. Accordingly, certain temperature ranges of phase inversion - “up” and “down” - are presented by composition in table. 5.

Example 6
In the following formulations, the emulsifier system is changed while maintaining the oil phase specified in Example 5. In this case, a combination of emulsifiers is used, consisting of a relatively hydrophilic ester of polyhydric alcohols and Cetiol HE fatty acids, which is used in combination with a more hydrophobic pronounced co-emulsifier (Degimuls SML) .

 In the table. 6 - examples 6a and 6b use compositions with a ratio of the oil phase to the aqueous salt phase of 1: 1 and with identical amounts of other additives, but change the mixing ratio of both components of this combination of emulsifiers. Comparison of the correspondingly determined temperature ranges of phase inversions “up” and “down” shows that as a result of varying the quantitative ratios of emulsifying components relative to each other, it becomes possible to substantially control the correspondingly established ranges of TFI. Thus, it becomes technically possible to optimally match the range or ranges of TFIs with design tasks.

 As part of Example 6c, the ratio of oil to water in the direction of using relatively oil-poor mixtures again varies, as in the previous examples, but nevertheless, in this case, the required in practice range of inversion of the water-in-oil system is guaranteed not only inside a hot well , but also in the relatively colder outer circulation zones of the flushing fluid.

 Example 7

Using the mixture of emulsifiers of example 6 and the oil phase based on the essential oil OMC 586, quantitatively coordinate two systems of flushing liquids with each other so that the temperature of the phase inversion, respectively, is in the range from about 20 to 30 ^o C.

 In this case, one system of washing liquid is chosen with equal amounts of the oil phase and a 30% aqueous solution of calcium chloride (example 7a), and in the second case, the mass ratio of the aqueous phase to oil is 2: 1.

 The compositions of the respective flushing systems and certain temperature ranges of phase inversion "up" and "down" are presented in table. 7.

 Example 8

Using a relatively oil-poor multicomponent mixture according to example 7b with its temperature range of phase inversion from about 20 to 25 ^o C,
constitute a large number of flushing fluid systems based on the currently known oil phases used in invert flushing fluids of the water-in-oil type. Then the viscosity indices are determined in the following way on the samples, both not subjected and subjected to aging.

Viscosity measurement at 50 ^{° C. is} carried out using a Fann-35 viscometer from Baroid Drilling Fluids INC. Known methods are used to determine plastic viscosity (PV), yield strength (PT), and static shear stress (in pounds per 100 square feet) after 10 seconds and 10 minutes.

The aging of the corresponding samples of washing liquids having a standard formulation according to example 7b, produced by exposure to an autoclave (in the so-called rotary kiln) for 16 hours at a temperature of 121 ^o C.

 The oil phases used in the respective formulations are then identified and the indicators determined on the images, both unexposed and aged, are recorded in a plate form.

The designed multicomponent mixtures correspond to the following formulation:
oil phase 76.5 g; Cetiol is NOT 7.9 g; Degimuls SML 9.2 g; an aqueous solution of CaCl ₂ (30%) 157.5 g; Bentonite 0.9 g; Gelton II 1.8 g; Duraton NT 2.7 g; barite 193.5 g.

 Example 8a

 In this case, rapeseed oil is used as a naturally occurring triglyceride as the oil phase. The values of the indicators determined on the samples, both not subjected to and subjected to aging, are given in table. 8.

 Example 8b.

 In this case, di-n-octyl ether Cetiol OE is used as the oil phase. The results are presented in table. 9.

 Example 8c.

 In this case, isotridecyl alcohol is used as the invert phase. The results are shown in table. 10.

 Example 8g.

 Used in this case, the oil phase has the trade name XP07 company Baroid and is a flowing oil phase based on saturated paraffins. The results are shown in table. eleven.

 Example 8d

In this case, an α-olefin C _14/16 of the LAO type is used as the oil phase. The results are shown in table. 12.

 Example 8e.

 In this case, OM 586 ester is used as the oil phase. The results are shown in table. thirteen.

 Example 9

 In the table. 14 shows the wash emulsion formulations used in examples 9a, 9b and 9c, in which OM 586 ester, together with a 30% aqueous solution of calcium chloride, is respectively used as the oil phase. Correspondingly used emulsifying mixtures, consisting of the main emulsifying component and a co-emulsifier, are also indicated and spaced in the table. 14 according to examples from 9a to 9c, as well as other components of washing emulsions. And finally, this table shows the temperature ranges of the phase inversion determined on the corresponding multicomponent mixtures.

 Example 10

 In the experimental compositions of this example (from 10a to 10g), the inversion emulsifier for the water in oil system, a commercial product EZ-Mul NTE from Baroid (Abergin), which is currently used on a large technical scale, is unified in all specific formulations as a coemulsifier invert flushing fluids.

 This co-emulsifier is combined in terms of the submitted application with various main emulsifying components. The following oil phases are used, respectively, in conjunction with a 30% aqueous solution of calcium chloride.

 Example 10a: Na-359 mineral oil.

 Examples 10b through 10d: OMS 586 essential oil.

Examples 10e and 10g: linear α-olefin (LAO C _14/16 (70/30).

 Together with these components are mixed the usual components used in mixtures for the preparation of washing emulsions, the amount and name of which are indicated in table. 15. The table also shows the corresponding temperature ranges for phase inversion.

 Example 11

 Using OMS 586 essential oil as an oil phase and a 30% aqueous solution of calcium chloride as a liquid phase, the ratio of oil to water in volume percentages in 5 experimental compositions, respectively, varies using the following proportions: 40/60; 50/50; 60/40; 70/30; 80/20.

 As an emulsifying system in all formulations, a mixture of Lutenzene TO5, used as the main emulsifying component, and the coemulsifier EZ-Mul NTE are used.

Tab. 16 gives, firstly, an appropriate selection of the quantitative ratio of the available components for the five studied mixtures. In addition, the following rheological data are presented for these multicomponent mixtures both before the aging of the sample material (DSM - before aging) and after it (PSM - after aging of the material): plastic viscosity (PV, in MPa • s), yield strength ( PT, in pounds per 100 square feet) and static shear stress (SNA for 10 seconds / 10 minutes, in pounds per 100 square feet). The aging of the respective washing liquids is carried out by a known method at 121 ^o C for 16 hours in a rotary kiln. The determination of viscosity is also carried out by a known method, for more details, see the data of example 8 on this issue.

 Example 12

 In the table. 17 shows the results of tests using emulsifier systems using alkyl (poly) glycoside compounds (APGs) as an integral part of the main emulsifying components or as the main emulsifying components themselves. Moreover, the APG product sold by the applicant under the trade name APG 600, which is an APG of series with 12-16 carbon atoms, acts as a component of the APG. The products used contain 51 mass% of the active substance. In both cases, an invert emulsifier Ez-Mul NTE, which is used on a large technical scale for water-in-oil systems, is used as a co-emulsifier.

 In the table. 17 shows the mass percent composition of the washing emulsions, as well as the temperature ranges of phase inversion when measuring up.

 Example 13

 In a subsequent experiment, an invert flushing emulsion was tested using rapeseed oil as a naturally occurring triglyceride. In this example, a mixture consisting of 1 mass part of rapeseed oil and several more than 4 mass parts of essential oil OMC 586 is used as the oil phase.

The mass composition (in grams) of the tested composition of the emulsion is presented in table. 18. The washing emulsion is carried out in accordance with the data presented for example 8, aging at 121 ^o C for 16 hours, and then, according to the methodology presented for example 8, at a temperature of 50 ^o C basic rheological data are determined. The results obtained before aging and after aging of the material of the samples are presented in table. 18.

 And finally, for samples that underwent and did not undergo aging, phase inversion temperatures are presented. The temperature value at which the electrical conductivity is 0 μS / cm is indicated.

Claims (13)

1. A flowable and pumpable multicomponent mixture based on a multiphase mixture consisting of water and oil, intended for excavation by drilling and / or for subsequent processing, containing an emulsifier and auxiliary substances, characterized in that it contains at least an emulsifier , one substance selected from the group consisting of: oligoalkoxylates, alkoxylates - in particular ethoxylates and propoxylates - structural units of natural and synthetic origin containing lipophilic residues and providing which are capable of alkoxylation, while these alkoxylates can also have closed end groups, partial esters and ethers of polyfunctional alcohols containing, in particular from 2 to 6 carbon atoms and from 2 to 6 hydroxyl groups, and their oligomers with acids containing lipophilic residues and alcohols, which may also have residues of oligoalkoxylates and alkoxylates integrated into the structure of the molecule, in particular oligoepoxylates, alkyl polyglycosides and long chain alcohol alkyl glycosides, naturally occurring fatty alcohols o and of synthetic origin, alkylolamides, amine oxides, leading the corresponding multicomponent mixture to temperature-controlled phase reversal upon reaching the phase inversion temperature of the TFI within the temperature range, the upper boundary of which is a maximum of 100 ^o C, so that the aqueous phase of the mixture is presented as a dispersed invert phase dispersion in the oil phase, and the lower limit of this temperature range is from 0 to 5 ^o C, to provide the possibility of turning this W / o emulsion in emu siyu O / W dispersion with the aqueous phase, the aqueous phase and oil phase is taken in a volume ratio equal to (85-20): (15-80). 2. The multicomponent mixture according to claim 1, characterized in that the TFI of this multicomponent mixture is in the temperature range of 5-80 ^o C, preferably in the range of 10-60 ^o C and particularly preferably in the range of 15-50 ^o C.  3. The multicomponent mixture according to claim 1 or 2, characterized in that it is fluid and pumped also at room temperature.  4. The multicomponent mixture according to any one of paragraphs. 1-3, characterized in that its emulsifier has a nonionic structure and / or is connected with each other in a structural unit both in the form of nonionic and in the form of anionic structural elements.  5. The multicomponent mixture according to any one of paragraphs. 1-4, characterized in that it uses an emulsifier with an HLB value in the range from 6 to 20, mainly from 7 to 18, which is used in the preferred form together with at least one more pronounced lipophilic emulsifier having a lower HLB value relative to the above region.  6. The multicomponent mixture according to any one of paragraphs. 1-5, characterized in that the emulsifier is consistent in its quantity in this multicomponent mixture with the amount of the oil phase present in it, and the amount equal to or greater than 1 wt. %, mainly 5-60 wt. % (relative to the oil phase), with particularly preferred quantitative ranges for the emulsifier (relative to the oil phase) being the following: 10-50, 15-40, and particularly preferably 20-35 wt. % 7. The multicomponent mixture according to any one of paragraphs. 1-6, characterized in that the emulsifier-free oil phase is insoluble in the aqueous emulsion phase, and also remains fluid and pumpable, preferably at room temperature, and has a flash point above 60 ^o C, preferably equal to or greater than 80-100 ^o C and particularly preferably equal to or greater than 120 ^o C. 8. The multicomponent mixture according to any one of paragraphs. 1-7, characterized in that the oil phase has in the temperature range from 0 to 10 ^o C Brookfield viscosity of not more than 55 MPa • s, preferably not more than 45 MPa • s.  9. The multicomponent mixture according to any one of paragraphs. 1-8, characterized in that it contains an oil phase, which relates to at least the following class of substances: unbranched, branched and cyclic saturated hydrocarbons, olefinic unsaturated hydrocarbons, in particular, the type of linear α-olefins, polymer α-olefins , olefins with internal end bonds, aromatic compounds, naphthenes, carboxylic acid esters with monohydric and polyhydric alcohols, ethers, acetals, carbonic acid esters, fatty alcohols, silicone oils, oligoamides, amides, oli hoimides, imides, oligoketones, ketones.  10. The multicomponent mixture according to any one of paragraphs. 1-9, characterized in that the amount of the aqueous phase is equal to or greater than 30-35 vol. %, preferably equal to or greater than 40 vol. %, particularly preferably equal to or greater than 50 vol. % of a mixture of water and oil. 11. The multicomponent mixture according to any one of paragraphs. 1-10, characterized in that it is made as a drilling fluid used in mainland and / or preferably offshore soil drilling, in particular in the development of oil and / or gas fields, with drilling fluids with a phase inversion temperature in the range equal to or less than 50 ^o C and especially in the range of 20-35 ^o C.  12. The multicomponent mixture according to any one of paragraphs. 1-11, characterized in that the TFI of the entire system is consistent with the operating conditions of the drilling fluid in such a way that the cuttings saturated with drilling fluid can be cleaned after being separated from the drilling fluid by washing with cold water, in particular sea water, and preferably by performing phase inversions from B / M to M / B. 13. The multicomponent mixture according to any one of paragraphs. 1-12, characterized in that the mixture made in the form of a drilling fluid has in the temperature range from 10 to 15 ^o C above the temperature limit between the middle phase of the emulsion and the inversion range W / M plastic viscosity PV not more than 100 MPa • s, preferably not more 80 MPa • s, particularly preferably in the range of 30 to 45 MPa • s and yield point PT not more than 80 pounds per 100 square feet, mainly not more than 50 pounds per 100 square feet, particularly preferably in the range from 10 to 25 pounds per 100 square feet.

Images