MXPA99003997A

MXPA99003997A - Enhanced multicomponent mixtures for soil decomposition

Info

Publication number: MXPA99003997A
Application number: MXPA/A/1999/003997A
Authority: MX
Inventors: Herold Clauspeter; Von Tapavicza Stephan; Muller Heinz; Forster Thomas; Fues Johannfriedrich; Claas Marcus
Original assignee: Henkel Kgaa 40589 Duesseldorf De
Priority date: 1996-10-30
Filing date: 1999-04-29
Publication date: 1999-10-14

Abstract

The invention describes pumpable and flowable multicomponent mixtures based on multiphased mixture of water and oil, containing emulsifiers and possibly other emulsifiable and/or dispersible auxiliary agents for use in soil decomposition through drilling and/or further processing of such exploratory drillings. The invention is characterized by the use of emulsifiers or emulsifier systems, which lead to a temperature controlled phase inversion for each multicomponent mixture concerned at a phase inversion temperature (PIT) within a temperature range whose upper limit is below the working temperature of the multicomponent mixture in the area of geological decomposition. As a result the aqueous portion of the multicomponent mixture is provided as a dispersed (invert) phase in the closed oil phase (W/O invert emulsion) while the lower limit of this temperature range enables the multicomponent mmixture to be converted into and O/W emulsion with a closed aqueous phase. Emulsifiers or an emulsifier system with a PIT ranging from 0°to 100°and an at least partial non-ionic structure are particularly suitable. The invention enables optimization of requirements regarding technical performace, ecological compatibility and cost/benefit ratio.

Description

IMPROVED MIXTURES OF MÜ TICOMPONENTS FOR SD DSO IN GEOLOGICAL EXPLORATION This invention relates to novel fluids that can flow freely and pumpable for use in geological exploration, more particularly service fluids for wells, which contain emulsifiers using an oil phase of oil and a water phase. As a typical example of such service fluids, the invention is described below with reference to drilling fluids and drilling muds based thereon. However, the auxiliary fluids modified in accordance with the present invention are not limited in any way to this particular field of application. Related applications covered by the present invention include, for example, marking fluids, spacers, packer fluids, auxiliary fluids for work and stimulation and for fracturing. The use of new multi-component mixtures as free-flowing well-service fluids is especially important for the development, particularly the offshore development of oil and gas fields, but is by no means limited to this particular application . The new systems can also be used generally in ground drilling operations such as, for example, geothermal drilling, water drilling, drilling geoscientific as well as mine drilling. Prior art It is known that drilling fluids to create wells in rocks and to remove rock cuttings are systems that can flow and that become thick to a limited degree that can be assigned to any of the following three classes: purely aqueous drilling, oil-based drilling fluids, which are generally used in form of what is known as inverted emulsion sludge, as well as water-based O / W emulsions containing a finely dispersed heterogeneous oil phase in the continuous aqueous phase. The drilling fluids with a continuous oil phase are generally formulated as three-phase systems: oil, water, and fine particulate solids. The aqueous phase is heterogeneous and finely dispersed in the continuous oil phase. Various additives were used, including particular emulsifiers, weighting additives, fluid loss additives, reserves of alkaline substances, viscosity regulators, water soluble salts and the like. Relevant details can be found in the P.A. Boyd et al. Entitled «New Base Oil Used in Low-Toxicity Oil Muds» in Journal of Petroleum Technology, 1985, pages 137 to 1 2 and in the Article of R.B. Bennett entitled "New Drilling Fluid Technology - Mineral Oil Mud" in Journal of Petroleum Technology, 198, 975-981 and the literature mentioned here. In terms of performance properties, drilling fluids based on aqueous o / w emulsions occupy an intermediate position between purely aqueous systems and oil-based inverted sludges. Detailed relevant information can be found, for example, in the book by George R. Gray and H.C.H. Darley entitled "Composition and Properties of Oil Well Drillings Fluids" (composition and properties of oil well drilling fluids), fourth edition, 1980/81, Gulf Publishing Company, Houston and the extensive patent and scientific literature mentioned here and in the manual entitled «Applied Drilling Engineering», (Applied Drilling Engineering) Ada T. Borgoyne, Jr. et al., Firt Priting Society of Petroleum Engineers, Richardson, Texas (USA), Still today, inverted systems w / o based on oil are undoubtedly the safest fluids particularly to drill through layers of clay sensitive to water. The continuous oil phase of the inverted emulsion w / o forms a continuous semi-permeable membrane on the surface of the perforated layers of rock and the cut parts introduced into the drilling fluid in such a way that the potential diffusions of the water can be controlled as to his address. The optimization of the work result achieved by the use of inverted fluids w / o has never been reached by any other drilling fluid. Drilling fluids of the type just mentioned and other well-service fluids of comparable composition originally used fractions of mineral oil as the oil phase. Consequently, significant environmental contamination can occur if, for example, drilling mud penetrates the environment either directly or through the perforated rock. The oil is not easily biodegradable and, anaerobically, it is virtually non-degradable and, for this reason, can be considered as long-term contamination. In the last decade, in particular, several proposals were made by the experts in order to replace the fractions of oil by phases of oil more easily degradable and economically safer. The applicants describe possible alternatives to the oil phase, including blends of said replacement oils, in a relatively large number of patents and patent applications. The documents in question particularly describe selected oleophilic monocarboxylic acid esters, polycarboxylic acid esters, at least substantially water-insoluble alcohols that flow freely under working conditions, corresponding ethers as well as acid esters selected carbon, see EP 0 37 671, EP 0 37 672, EP 0 386 638, EP 0 386 636, EP 0 382 070, EP 0 382 071, EP 0 391 252, EP 0 391 251, EP 0 532 570, EP 0 535 07. However, third parties have also submitted several proposals for alternative oil phases for the field of application in question. For example, the following classes of compounds have been proposed as replacement for mineral oils in inverted slurries w / o: acetals, alpha-olefins (LAO), poly-alpha-olefins (PAO), internal olefins (IO), (oligo) ) amides, (oligo) imides and (oligo) ketones, see EP 0 512 501, EP 0 627 81, GB 2,258,258, US 5,068.0 1, US 5,189,012 and WO 95/306 3 and WO 95/32260. Nowadays, several oil phase alternatives are used in practice in the field of application of the present invention. However, there is still a need for a better balance of the three key parameters for an efficient technical procedure: a result of optimized technological work, an optimized control of the area of ecological problems and, finally, the optimization of the relationship between cost and effectiveness . The problem to which the present invention is focused and the concept of its technical solution The problem to which the present invention is focused in its broadest version is to offer a new concept that could allow the optimization of the overall result of conformity with what is required based on the extensive technical knowledge that exists today in the scope of application to which the present invention is focused. A high technical efficiency can be achieved in a reasonable relation between cost and effectiveness and, at the same time, the current ecological requirements can be fulfilled in an optimal way. This concept is formulated in the form of a broad working principle that, with the help of expert knowledge, can be varied and therefore optimally adapted to the particular application raised in several specific modalities. According to the present invention, the technical solution for this broad concept is located in the combination of the following work elements: the composition of the multiple component mixture based on oil and based on pumpable and free-flowing water ensures that, under the conditions in particular use, particularly in the case of rock formations in danger within the well, the inverted mud w / o is formed with the aqueous phase dispersed in the continuous oil phase. Outside of the endangered rock formations and, above all, in the handling and removal of cut parts covered with fluid residues, a phase reversion is possible to form a water based o / w emulsion. The following deble work results can be obtained in combination: in the range of work and particularly in the rock formations in danger, the fluid is present in an inverted emulsion w / o which, in a known manner, forms the required seal on the surface of the rock in the form of a semipermeable membrane. In this way optimum well stability can be obtained. at the same time, however, the element of the present invention of controlled phase reversion to an o / w emulsion with a continuous aqueous phase and a dispersed oil phase as explained above, causes the cut rock portions to be separated from the drilling fluid in circulation more easily for handling and disposal, as experts know. At least the largest part of the oil phase present in dispersed form can be easily rinsed from the cut parts either by separation washing or simply by pulling the seawater in the case of drilling at sea, according to the eco compatibility of the oil phase. The dispersed oil phase can be separated from the washing liquid or it is accessible to a simplified aerobic degradation on the surface of the seawater. The teachings in accordance with the present invention implement the principle of phase reversal by the use of a working parameter which includes the circulation of the drilling fluid, i.e. the temperature of the drilling fluid at a particular point of use. . Inside the well Temperatures ee increase rapidly with an increase in depth. The heated drilling fluid containing the hot cuttings also comes out of the well with considerably elevated temperatures. By controlling and adjusting predetermined phase inversion temperatures, the desired inversion of the inverted phase w / o to the emulsion fae or / w can now be achieved outside the well. Details of this phase inversion can be found below. The parameter of the phase inversion temperature (PIT) selected according to the present invention and therefore determined in advance in the particular drilling fluid ensures that the drilling fluid in circulation is in the required state of an inverted emulsion w / or during the drilling process. Scientific background of the teachings in accordance with the present invention It is known that emulsifiers or emulsifier systems are used to homogenize non-miscible oil / water faces by emulsification. The following general knowledge is relevant in this respect: Emulsifiers are constituents that, in their structure molecules, they unite hydrophilic and lipophilic elements between them. The extent and magnitude of these particular units in the emulsifier molecule or emulsifier system in question they are frequently characterized by the HLB value that represents the hydrophilic / lipophilic balance. Normally, emulsifiers or emulsifying systems with comparatively strongly hydrophilic components lead to high HLB values and, in practice, generally emulsify o / w based on water with a dispersed oil phase. Emulsifiers or emulsifying systems with comparatively strongly lipophilic components lead to comparatively low HLB values and consequently to the inverted emulsion w / o with a continuous oil phase and a dispersed water fae. However, this description is very simplified. The effect of the emulsifiers or system of emulsifiers used can be influenced and therefore altered by several factors attached to the mixture as a whole. In the context of the present invention, known parameters for such modifications include particularly the loading of the aqueous phase with soluble organic and / or inorganic components, for example water-soluble, more particularly polyhydric lower alcohols and / or oligomers thereof, salts organic and / or inorganic soluble the ratio in quantity between emulsifier / emulsifier system and the amount of oil and, finally, the constitutional coordination in the composition of the emulsifier / emulsifier system on the one hand and the molecular structure of the oil phase on the other hand. A particularly significant parameter in the context of the teachings of the present invention for the specific emulsifying effect with respect to the formation of the o / w or w / o emulsion may be the particular temperature of the multi-component system. Some emulsifiers / systems of at least partially nonionic emulsifiers show in particular this pronounced dependency effect on the temperature in the mixture of insoluble oil and water phases between them.

The aforementioned system parameter of the phase inversion temperature (PIT) is crucial. In cooperation with the other system parameters mentioned above, the emulsifiers / emulsifier systems employed lead to the following emulsion associations: System temperature for low PIT form the emulsion w / o while system temperatures above the PIT form the inverted emulsion w / o. The system is inverted in phase by changing the temperature in the other temperature range. The teachings in accordance with the present invention make use of this and consequently, of the natural variation of this parameter. In the inner part of the well, the inverted state w / o with a continuous oil phase is guaranteed through the choice of emulei icantee / suitable emulsifier systems in combination with other variables to be taken into account here in the comparatively cold external environment, the drilling fluid can simply be inverted in faee by decreasing the temperature below the PIT of the system, Such way that components to be removed can be handled more easily. The thermal effect that always accompanies the circulation in the rocks of the drilling fluid ensures the high temperature range that is required above the PIT of the system on the hot rock surface and thus makes it neutral in terms of its dispersed water component of the drilling fluid in this region. Before discussing the details of the technical teachings in accordance with the present invention, the relevant literature and the expert knowledge of the phenomenon of temperature-dependent phase inversion and the associated temperature inversion parameter are summarized below. phase (PIT). Taking into account this basic knowledge available to the public in general, teaching in accordance with the present invention will be easily understood and may be applied. A very detailed presentation of the phase balance of the three-component systems of an aqueous phase / oil phase / surfactant (more particularly emulsifying nonidentical / emulsifying systems) can be found in the publication of K. SHINODA and H. KUNEIDA entitled "Phase Propertis of Emulsions; PIT and HLB », in" Encyclopedia of Emulsion Technology ", 1983, volume 1, pages 337 to 367. The authors also include especially the relevant prior art literature costly in its publication, the knowledge of temperature dependence of phase inversion of such oil / water systems containing emulsifiers which are especially important to understand the teachings in accordance with the present invention. The cited publication of SHINODA et al comments in detail on this temperature parameter and the effects caused by its variation in the multiple phase system. Above all, however, reference is also made to prior expert knowledge, for example, see the previous publications of K. SHINODA et al-numbers 7 to 10 in the reference list (see Cit. Paqinas 366/367). Here, SHINODA describes the parameter of the phase inversion temperature (PIT, temperature HLB), the temperature dependence of the particular system using non-ionic emulsifiers which receive particular emphasis in the previous publications of SHINODA et al - numbers 7 and 8 in the list of references. Free-flowing mixtures based on the three-component systems of oil / water / emulsifier are discussed above all in terms of the dependence of the particular phase equilibrium states established in the temperature of the system of multiple components. The o / w emulsion state with an oil phase dispersed in the continuous water phase that is stable at comparatively low temperatures is reversed when the temperature is increased to the phase inversion range (PIT or "medium phase" range) . In case of a further increase in temperature, the multi component system is inverted to the inverted w / o stable state where the water phase is dispersed in the continuous oil phase. In its list of references (loe cit., References 31 and 32) SHINODA refers to previous works of P.A. WINSOR In the text of its previously cited publication (pages 3 to 3 5), the phase equilibrium codes coined by WINSOR, namely WINSOR I, WINSOR III and WINSOR II, relate to the average phase o / w of dependent stable phases of the temperature - w / o: WINSOR I is the o / w phase based on stable water, WINSOR II corresponds to the stable inverted phase of the w / o type and WINSOR III refers to the middle phase and corresponds accordingly to the temperature range phase inversion (PIT) as is now generally known and in the context of the teachings in accordance with the present invention. These various phases and, particularly, the intermediate phase (microemuleion) (WINSOR III) of the particular seventh can be determined in two ways that it is advisable to combine among them: a) the determination of the dependence on the temperature and the associated phase displacement by experimental test of the system, more particularly by measurement of conductivity. b) the PIT of the particular system in question can be calculated in advance on the basis of expert knowledge. Basically, the following applies in this case: the phenomenon of phase inversion and the temperature of The associated phase inversion (PIT) is carried out within a limited temperature range at its lower end in terms of the emulsion state o / w and, at its upper end in relation to the inverted emulsion state w / o. An experimental test of the particular system, particularly by conductivity measurement in rising and / or falling temperatures, provides figures for the lower limit of particular PIT and the upper limit of PIT - again with the possibility of slight displacements if the conductivity is measured on the one hand at rising temperatures and other side »in temperatures that go down. In this measure, the phase inversion temperature (PIT) or rather, the PIT range corresponds to the definition of the WINSOR III microemulsion phase previously explained. However: The interval between the lower limit of PIT (limitation in 5 regarding o / w) and the upper limit of PIT (limitation in regarding investment w / o) is generally a comparatively limited controllable range of temperatures by choosing suitable emulsifier components or systems. In all cases, temperature limits in question differ by less than 20 to 30 ° C and, more particularly, by no more than 10 to 152 ° C. The teachings in accordance with the present invention can make use of this if the inverted fluid - or separate components of the element - is clearly converted to the o / w emulsion state. However, in certain embodiments which will be described below, it may be interesting to use comparatively wide temperature ranges for phase inversion insofar as it is ensured that in the range of working temperatures at which the drilling fluid is used in the internal part of the earth, the upper limit of this range of PIT (establishment of the inverted stable w / o) is not only reached but preferably exceeded widely. In contrast, the calculation of PIT of the particular system in question according to b) does not lead to the precise determination of the aforementioned temperature limits of the particular PIT range, but to a figure that is in the order of magnitude of the PIT range what actually happens in practice. This explains why it may be advisable in practice to combine the phase change determinations of compliance with a) and b). The following observations apply with respect to this point: The measurement of the experimental conductivity of the system shows an optimum conductivity in the case of the water-based o / w fluid, but generally no conductivity for the inverted phase w / o. If the conductivity of an emulsion sample is measured at several temperatures (rise and / or fall) in the phase inversion temperature range, the temperature limits between the three ranges mentioned, or / w - middle phase - w / o , can be determined numerically in a very precise way. The following observations apply with respect to the non-existent conductivity or conductivity of the two limiting ranges: between these two ranges is the fae inversion temperature range of the particular system from which the lower limit (conductor) can be easily determined and the upper limit (non-conductive). This experimental determination of this range of phase inversion temperatures by conductivity measurements is described in detail in the relevant literature of the prior art see for example the presentations of EP 0 35 586 and EP 0521 981. The emulsions o / w cooled below the phase inversion temperature range they have a higher electrical conductivity than ImSiemens per cm (mS / cm). A graph of the conductivity is prepared by slow heating under program conditions predetermined The temperature range in which the conductivity drops to values lower than 0.1 S / cm is recorded as the phase inversion temperature range. For the purposes of the teachings in accordance with the present invention, a corresponding conductivity graph is also prepared for downward temperatures. In this case, the conductivity is determined using a mixture of multiple components that was initially heated to temperatures above the range of phase inversion temperatures and then cooled by default. The upper and lower limits determined in this way for the phase inversion temperature range do not have to be identical with the corresponding values of the above determination section described with the elevation of the temperatures of the multi-component mixture. In general, however, the respective limits are so close to each other that standardized values can be used for industrial purposes (particularly by the average of associated limits). However, the practicability of the techniques described in detail below is guaranteed from the working principles employed herein even in the case in which significant differences in the limits of the temperature range of phase in ection are measured by one side during the determination of the elevation of temperatures and on the other hand during the determination in decreasing temperatures. The components of the multi-component system must be adapted to each other in terms of their working parameters and effects in such a way that they can implement the working principle in accordance with the present invention in accordance with that described above: on the inside Hot rock drilling, inverted state w / o with continuous oil phase is guaranteed. In the comparatively cold external environment, the drilling mud may be. inverted in terms of phase due to the lowering of the temperature by low of the PIT in such a way that the components to be separated can be handled easily. To reduce the amount of work involved in the experiments, it may be useful to calculate the PIT of the particular multi-component system. However, the same is also true particularly for potential optimizations in the choice of emulsifiers or emulsifier systems and their adaptation to the selection and mixing of the aqueous phase on the one hand and the oil phase type on the other hand according to others aspects of the technical procedure. Recently, relevant expert knowledge has been developed basically from completely different fields, more particularly from the production of cosmetics. According to the present invention, this knowledge of The expert is generally valid and is now applied to the field of geological exploration and to the treatment of existing rock drilling with systems that contain optimized oil and water phases. Particular reference is made in that regard to the TH Article. FORSTER. W VON RYBINSKI. H. TESMANN and A. WADLE (Calculation of Optimum Emulsifier Mixtures for Phase Investment Emulsification) in International Journal of Cosmetic Science 16, 8 -92 (199). The article in question contains a detailed description of how the phase inversion temperature range (PIT) of a system of tree components of an oil phase, a water phase and an emulsifier can be calculated by the CAPICO method (calculation of phase inversion in concentrate) based on the EACN value (alkane-carbon equivalent index) characteristic of the oil phase. More particularly, this article by FORSTER et al. He mentions an important literature for the field object of the present invention, see pages 91 and 92 loe. Cit. in combination with the presentation of the Article. With the help of several examples, it shows how the choice and optimization of the emulsifiers / emulsifier systems are accessible for the adjustment of the optimum predetermined values for the range of phase inversion temperatures by the CAPICO method in combination with the concept of EACN.

On the basis of this fundamental knowledge, mixtures whose PIT is within the range of compliance with the present invention and corresponding mixing ratios can be determined in advance for the components intended for practical use, more particularly the oil phase and emulsifiers / oil systems. associated emulsifiers (type and quality). A useful first basis for carrying out experiments in the lines of method a) is established in this way. In the calculation and calculation of the PIT, it is possible to determine in particular the lower and above all upper limits of the range in which the middle phase is formed. The temperature limits above which the inverted range w / o is found for the drilling mud in direct contact with the hot inner wall of the well for the formation of the continuous semipermeable membrane are thus clearly established. In general, it is advisable in practice (see the following explanations of the teachings in accordance with the present invention) to select and guarantee this upper limit of the range of phase inversion temperatures with an adequate safety margin in order to ensure the inverted phase w / o required in the hot region. On the other hand, the temperature must be able, at lower values, to fall below the investment limit w / o in such a magnitude that the advantages of the phase reversal to the o / w phase and the separate components of the drilling mud to which it leads generally can be handled more easily. To complete the review of relevant expert knowledge, reference is made to the following: in recent years, considerable efforts were made by researchers to improve what is known as improved oil recovery by flooding rock layers containing oil with o / w emulsions containing emulsifiers / emulsifier systems. The object has been particularly the use of corresponding systems for the medium emulsion phase (WINSOR III) within the formation. This is immediately clear from the deviation from the opposite objective of the teachings according to the present invention: the optimization of the equilibrium o / w-w / o to form the phase of lmulsification in the system of multiple components causes an increase in the effectiveness of the washing procedure required to flood and therefore entails an increase in the washing of the oil phase of the rock formation. This is very significant at this point, due to the state of microemulsion, the unwanted blockage of the pores in the rock by relatively large drops of oil can be safely avoided. The objective of the present invention is the opposite of this step of enhancing the recovery of oil by flood: The object of the teachings of the present invention in the use of inverted emulsion is w / o is to eellar the porous surface of the rock formations in the well by means of a continuous layer of oil. At the same time, however, the invention seeks to achieve an easier disposal of the drilling oil or of components thereof by means of phase inversion out of the well. SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION In a first embodiment, therefore, the present invention relates to a mixture of multiple components that can flow and pump based on a mixture of multiple phases of emulsifiers containing water and oil and, if desired, other emulsifying auxiliaries and They can be dispersed, soluble for their purpose in the exploration by drilling and / or for the additional treatment of the wells drilled in this manner. This embodiment of the present invention is characterized by the use of emulsifiers or emulsifier systems, which, in the particular multiple component mixture in question, cause a phase inversion controlled by temperature at a phase inversion temperature (PIT) within a range of temperatures whose upper limit is such below the working temperature of the mixture of multiple components in geological exploration that the part Water-based mixture of multiple components is present as dispersed (inverted) phase in the continuous oil phase (inverted emulsion wo) while the lower limit > of this temperature range allows the multi-component mixture to be converted into an o / w emulsion with a continuous aqueous phase. The PIT of a multi-component mixture is preferably within a range of temperatures above the solidification point of its aqueous phase as the lower limit and, particularly, within the range of up to 100 ° C as the upper limit. Other preferred mixtures of multiple components can flow and be pumped at temperatures as low as room temperature. In a particularly important embodiment, the invention relates to the use of such multiple component systems in inverted drilling fluids w / o (drilling muds) of the type used in the geological exploration for the purpose of limiting the necessary amount of oil phase while at the same time ensuring an inverted emulsification w / o, to neutralize the drilling fluid containing water in direct contact with the walls of the well and the rock cuttings at high temperatures and for the purpose of facilitating the disposal of the cuttings covered with drilling mud by inversion of the mud phase at low temperatures.

In another important embodiment, the present invention relates to the use of emulsifiers or systems of emulsifiers with a phase inversion controlled by temperature (PIT), more particularly in the range of 0 to 50c, for the temperature-dependent formation of emulsionee o / w and w / or from liquid phases based on water and oil in the production and use of emulsions that can pump and flow optionally charged with fine particle solids, more particularly drilling fluids for rock drilling and / or for the additional treatment of wells perforated accordingly. Water-based o / w emulsifications can be determined in advance and adjusted to temperatures below the PIT while the formation of the inverted emulsion w / o can be determined in advance and adjusted to temperatures above PIT. Emulsifiers or seven emulsifiers which are particularly suitable for this purpose are those which are at least partially and preferably at least predominantly nonionic in structure and / or which bind both nonionic structural elements and anionic structural elements between them in the structure. Basic molecular structure of emulsifiers / emulsifiers. Particular particulars of the teachings in accordance with the present invention Although the implementation of the working principle in accordance with the present invention is not limited to the use of nonionic emulsifiers or the use of emulsifier systems, the general and preferred embodiments of the teachings in accordance with the present invention discussed below are described especially with reference to the use of emulsifiers / non-ionic emulsifier systems. Emulsifiers / nonionic emulsifier systems are also especially suitable for the practical implementation of the principle in accordance with the present invention. The influence of salts in the aqueous phase, more particularly salts of polyvalent cations, on the emulsifying effect of nonionic emulsifiers is comparatively weak. However, the use of such aqueous phases containing salts in the inverted drilling fluid may be of practical importance to regulate the equilibrium of the osmotic pressures between the drilling fluid on the one hand and the liquid phase on the adjacent rock on the other hand. . Emulsifiers / semas of nonionic emulsifiers can be employed as flowable components for preferred embodiments of the teachings in accordance with the present invention, even at room temperature or at generally higher temperatures. The range of suitable non-ionic emulsifiers is so broad and available from chemical agents that can be employed emulsifier systems ecologically compatible and, particularly, acuuatoxicologically optimized. At the same time, the essential components can be obtained economically. However, the main reason why the components of nonionic emulsifiers used in accordance with the present invention are preferred is the remarkable dependence on the temperatures in the PIT in the particular oil system which can be further controlled through the relationships of quantity between the oil phase and the emulsifiers / emulsifier component in the mixture (see the aforementioned article by Foster et al.). In preferred embodiments of the teachings in accordance with the present invention, the emulsifiers / emulsifier systems are adapted to the various other parameters involved in the composition of the drilling fluid such that the PIT of the multicomponent mixture is within a range that at its lower limit allows the cold washing of the solid surfaces to be cleaned with an aqueous phase. As has been briefly discussed, drilling fluids of the type in question normally contain an aqueous phase which may contain in itself considerable amounts of dissolved organic and / or inorganic auxiliaries, for example, soluble salts to adjust and regulate the pressure equalization of the phases of water competing with each other and eemticas preeiones on the one hand in the rock near the well and, on the other hand, the drilling fluid. The solidification temperatures of these aqueous phases, for example, aqueous phases containing salt, can be clearly below 02C, for example, within the range of -10 to -20 ° C. However, a preferred lower limit for the PIT or the PIT range of the multiple component mixture is above 0 to 50c and more particularly within the range of 10 to isac and can reach up to 200C. The quantum importance of these comparatively low limits for determining the range of PIT at its lower end is discussed below in combination with preferred embodiments of the teachings in accordance with the present invention. The following general and preferred observations apply to the determination of the upper limits to be imposed according to the invention over the temperature range in which the phase inversion is carried out upon cooling. The upper limit of the temperature range at which the phase inversion starts must be sufficiently far from the inverted w / o stable emulsion range. Therefore, it is advisable that the upper limit of the phase inversion temperature range be at least 3 £ ¡C to 5SC below the working temperature of the multi-component mixture in geological exploration without However, the intervals between these two temperature parameters are preferably larger. Thus, in preferred embodiments, the intervals between the two temperature parameters in question are preferably at least at 15BC and, more preferably at least 20SC at 30ac. This does not cause any particular difficulty in practice because temperatures of 100ac and above are obviously achieved comparatively fast in the hot rock. Accordingly, it is generally preferred to set the upper limit for the definition and determination of the PIT or range of the PIT in the context of the teachings in accordance with the present invention at a maximum of lOOac or only slightly higher, for example to a maximum of In preferred embodiments, the upper limit for choice and adjustment of the PIT is at temperatures below 100BC, for example, at a maximum of about 80 to 902C, preferably at a maximum of 60ac and more preferably at a maximum of 50ac. Therefore based on In these comments, it turns out that mixtures of multiple components of the type described having a PIT within the range of about 5 to 80ac, preferably within the range of 10 to 70ac and more preferably within the range of 15 to 50ac can be particularly helpful. for the 5 teachings in accordance with the present invention. In a Particularly preferred embodiment of the invention, the PIT may be within a range of 20 to 35 bc or up to oac. This is illustrated by the following considerations: In the practical application of multi-component mixtures according to the invention, for example as a drilling fluid which can flow and be pumpable in geological exploration, the drilling fluid circulates continuously in the rock and then - loaded with rock cuttings - back again towards the drilling platform. The pieces of cut rock are usually removed by sieving, in the drilling platform and the liquid phase that can flow and is pumpable is recovered and pumped into a storage tank from which the inverted mud is rebounded down into the well . In the course of its circulation, the drilling fluid passes through a considerable temperature gradient, even when the fluid and the rock cuttings are pumped upwards while still hot. The technical steps involved in screening and storing and drilling fluid in the storage tank generally involve a reduction in fluid temperature such as, for example, a value of about 0 to 60SC. By adapting the phase inversion or better said PIT to these parameters, the compliance teachings with the present invention they offer a preferred embodiment wherein the drilling fluid in circulation is not subjected to any phase inversion even in the comparatively colder regions outside the well. If the PIT (or PIT range) of the system is established and maintained at a predetermined limit, for example, 50ac this objective can be achieved with simple means. Even in cold times of the year, the corresponding lower limits for the temperature of the inverted mud phase circulated with pump can be maintained in the circuit, for example, by corresponding heating elements in the storage tank. However, the advantages of the teachings in accordance with the present invention are now in the handling and in the fact of the separated cut parts of the fluid: by a further reduction, the temperature reaches and, if desired, exceeds the lower limit of the range of PIT in such a way that the microemulsive middle phase and then as further lowers the temperature, the water-based o / w emulsion phase is established to be parts of the drilling fluid adhering to the cut parts. It can be immediately observed that the waste of the waste oil adhering to the cut parts can be simplified substantially. For example, in the field of drilling muds for an exploration on land and / or preferably at sea, it can It is advisable to use drilling muds with a PIT of 50 ° C or less, for example, with a PIT in the range of 20 to 35 ° C. The drilling fluid can therefore be circulated without phase inversion and, consequently, continuously as an inverted mud w / o. However, the cut parts can now be cleaned more easily, especially in situ, or they can even be discarded by throwing them directly. The optimal modality for this waste step can be determined based on general expert knowledge. The following specific observations are made in this respect: if the cut parts coated with the drilling fluids formulated in accordance with the present invention are discarded directly into the surrounding sea in the case of drilling at sea, the investment phase controlled by temperature (medium emulsion phase) and after the emulsification phase o / w are quickly established in these fluid residues by cooling in the seawater. The dilution effect of the surrounding seawater can develop its full effect in such a way that the small oil droplets formed no longer adhere to the rock and can therefore move freely. At least a certain part of the small oil droplets float upward in the seawater where they find comparatively high concentrations of oxygen in the aqueous phase and they undergo aerobic degradation in a comparatively easy manner. However, the cut parts to be discarded can also at least partially be freed from the oil phase in a separate treatment step which is preferably carried out in situ: at the temperature set for the average inversion phase, the oil phase is especially easy to wash, in accordance with what is required in the prior art to increase the recovery of oil, in such a way that the corresponding washing process can, for example, be carried out without excessive effort using water-based washing liquids, for example seawater. If the temperature is further reduced, an o / w emulsion is formed. The drilling fluid can therefore be easily separated in the aqueous phase and the oil phase in a potential step of said cleaning process. Taking this into account, it will be easily observed that the preferred drilling muds for geological explorations based on land and / or for geological explorations at sea, more particularly for the development of oil / gas fields, can be formulated in such a way that they have a PIT equal to 50 ° C or below 50ac, preferably of 0ßc or less and, more particularly, within the range between 20c and 35ac. The PIT of the system as a whole can be particularly adapted to the low conditions which drilling mud is used in such a way that the cuttings covered with drilling mud can be cleaned after the removal of the drilling mud by washing with cold water, more particularly with sea water, and preferably, with investment of the phase w / o to the phase o / w. The high flexibility of the teachings of the present invention in terms of the oil phase composition to be employed in specific cases will be readily obeyed from these considerations. Even in the case of strict requirements regarding the ecological compatibility of the process in terms of the parts cut to be discarded can be fulfilled in systems invested w / o through phases of oil that, to date, could no longer be used due to their incompatibility ecological and, above all, its inadequate capacity for degradation by natural degradation processes under anaerobic conditions. Consequently, totally new possibilities are opened for the optimization of the three main parameters (technical improvement and complete ecological compatibility for a reasonable proportion between cost and effectiveness) that the invention seeks to achieve: by virtue of the possibilities described above for automatic cleaning and release of the cut parts of the adhering oil, a relatively large supply of oil phase to be degraded is no longer accumulated by throwing them on the seabed in the sea exploration drilling. Proceedings of natural aerobic degradation in the oxygen-rich zone of the sea surface are activated. At least most of the oil can be removed from the cut parts before throwing them simply by a preliminary wash with a liquid based on cold water. It can be seen, therefore, that the wide range known as the date of potential oil phases is open to the teachings of the present invention. Thus, oil phases or mixed oil phases belonging at least partially and preferably at least predominantly to the following oil clays are suitable for the application of the teachings of the present invention: saturated hydrocarbons (linear, branched and / or cyclics), olefinically unsaturated hydrocarbons, more particularly of the LAO type (linear alpha olefins), type 10 (internal olefins) and / or the PAO type (polymeric alpha olefins), aromatic hydrocarbons, naphthenes, carboxylic acid esters, ethers, acetals, esters of carboxylic acid, fatty alcohols, silicone oils, (oligo) amides, (oligo) imides and / or (oligo) ketones. The aforementioned carboxylic acid esters in this regard include, on the one hand, the corresponding esters of monocarboxylic acids and / or polycarboxylic acids and, on the other hand, corresponding esters of monohydric alcohols and / or polyhydric alcohols. Reference is again made specifically in this regard to the aforementioned publications on the use of corresponding ester phases in the field in question that return to the work performed by the applicants. As to the preeentation of these literature references, however, the following discoveries were made for the variation in accordance with the present invention. In embodiments according to the present invention of the mixtures of multiple components in question here and, particularly, as regards drilling fluid correspondingly formulated, esters of polyhydric alcohols with monocarboxylic acids and, particularly, esters of glycerol of natural origin and / or Synthetic can be used effectively for the first time as oil fae or as part of the oil phase. In relevant publications of the prior art, it has been mentioned for many years that oils of natural origin and, accordingly, corresponding glycerol-based triéethers of higher unsaturated fatty acids can be used as ecologically safe oil fats in inverted w / o sludges. In the above-cited publications of the applicants on the subject of ester-based drilling fluids, it is shown that the acetations of the prior art literature are merely theoretical and do not apply in the literature. practice. Surprisingly it has been found that, by using the systems according to the present invention, defined in detail below, that triglycerides of natural and / or synthetic origin can be used as / or in the oil phase of the fluids of drilling. For example, it is possible to employ triglycerides of vegetable and / or animal origin (for example, the type of rapeseed oil or the type of fish oil) which can be of considerable interest both from an ecological perspective and in terms of the cost relationship. and effectiveness. The modifications of the composition of drilling fluids and fluids in the technical realization of the concept in accordance with the present invention (possible choice of the preferred emulsifiers in accordance with type and amount) obviously create such basic conditions modified by the desired technical use during both Time of these oil phases, especially of natural origin, is possible for the first time. In terms of its chemical structure, therefore, any oil phase that permits the establishment of the physical parameters required by the present technology are basically adequate. These parameters will be discussed below. The aspects of optimized ecological compatibility continue to be an important aspect in terms of the choice of the oil phase, even though it is no longer so important as before - even taking into account the legislation in force. The use of phase inversion controlled by temperature provides an ecologically safe disposal of the part of the drilling fluid that, to date, has presented the greatest difficulties in handling w / o inert drilling fluids. As for this elimination of the existing difficulties, however, the teachings in accordance with the present invention also allow to achieve environmental protection up to an unknown level to date. By selecting particularly safe oil phases from an environmental perspective for the inverted drilling fluid and due to the possibility provided by the invention to minimize the problems of the degradation process, a global work result can be achieved up to the date unknown in the direction of the objectives of the present invention. It is particularly important in this regard to take into account the known possibility now employed with particular benefit in accordance with the present invention of the use of selected mixtures of different oils as oil phase of the drilling fluid. Thus, it is possible to use mixtures of, on the one hand, oils that are not easily degradable in an anaerobic and / or aerodic manner and, on the other hand, oils that are easily degradable in an anaerobic and / or aerobic manner, which, in the form of a waste optimized cuts according to the present invention represent an important step toward achieving the goal of total optimization in accordance with the invention. Regarding this aspect, we will first discuss here another possibility of modifying the technology of the inverted systems w / o in question. Here also, there are significant advances to be achieved over the relevant prior art. Presently, conventional inverted w / o systems and, more particularly, the corresponding inverted drilling fluids contain the oil phase in an amount of at least 50% by volume, based on the volume ratio between the oil phase and the phase of water. The oil phase content is usually significantly higher, for example, in the order of 70% to 90%, by volume, of the oil / water mixture. Although the relevant literature also mentions inverted fluids with low oil content, these mixtures with relatively low oil content do not play a role in practice, particularly in seven months with the adequate ecological compatibility that is now required. It was emphasized at the outset that the range of phase inversion temperatures is determined, inter alia, by the ratio of the amount between the oil phase and the emulsifier / emulsifier system, more particularly Nonionic emulsifier / non-identical emulsifier system. Now, the greater the amount of emulsifiers / emulsifier system (based on the amount of the oil phase) that is used, the greater the general decrease of the range of 5 temperatures to adjust the PIT. At the same time, however, the stability of the inverted emulsion w / o in practice will increase so dramatically that the range of useful quantitative proportions in the particular oil / water mixture is considerably broadened. Proportions in regarding quantities (parts by volume) between the water-based phase (w) and the oil phase (oil) in the following ranges will be accessible to create the multiple phase and, preferably, mixtures that can be pumped: from 90 to 100 W: from 10 to 90 of oil. Mixing ratios from 85 to 20 W: to 80 oil can be especially preferred. Taking into account the emulsifiers / emulsifier systems defined below, it will be possible to easily use the w / o oil mixtures containing the W phase in a quantity of at least 30 to 0 parts by volume or at least 50 parts by volume , for example in quantities of 55 to 85 parts by volume. The oil phase can therefore be quantitatively wrapped in the smaller component than, for example, in an amount of at least 10 to 15 parts by volume and preferably 20 to 50 parts by volume (based on the amount of W and oil) guarantees a condition of investment w / o stable in the temperatures prevailing in the rock. In this case, preferred multi-component mixtures according to the present invention are mixtures in which the spent phase in water constitutes up to 30 to 35% or more, preferably 0% or more and, even more preferably, 50% or more. more (percentage in volume, based on the W / oil mixture). Mixtures with a predominant water phase can be of particular significance, amounts of up to 85% by volume and, particularly, 55 or 60 or 80% by volume of the water-based phase are especially preferred. Accordingly, the invention also encompasses inverted drilling fluids w / o with a greatly reduced oil phase content which should constitute no more than 20 to 0% by volume, based on the liquid phases, but at the same time meet the requirements established in practice. The fact that the waste is made again considerably considerably easier will be immediately apparent. Extensive knowledge in the literature and other relevant materials is available on the chemical characteristics of the emulsifiers, particularly nonionic emulsifiers that can have phase inversion controlled by temperature and the characteristics of emulsifier systems containing the corresponding non-ionic components. . Even the aforementioned article of SHINODA et al in Encyclopedia of Emulsion Technology, 1983, volume 1, pages 337 to 367 presents a list of more than 100 special representatives of emulsifiers, most of which can be classified as non-ionic emulsifiers. In the relevant Table (table loe. Cit), the particular chemical component is accompanied by its HLB Index. The Table particularly covers the index range from 1 to 20. The relevant prior literature is also represented by the article by Gordon L. Hollis in Surfacants Europea, third edition, The Royal Society of Chemistry, more particularly in chapter 4, Nonionics (pages 139 to 317). In addition, the very broad relevant literature is also represented, for example, by the following publications that appeared in the form of a book: M.J, Shick «N0NI0NIC SURFACTANTS», Marcel Dekker, INC., New York, 1967; H.W. Stache «ANIONIC SURFACTANTS», Marcel Dekker, INC., New York, Basel, Hongkong; Dr. N. Schonfeldt "Grenzflachenaktive Ethyleneoxid Addukte", wiseenehcaftliche velagsgesellechaft mbH, Stuttgart 1976. From extensive knowledge of emulsifying or emulsifying systems at least partially non-ionic, it is possible based on expert knowledge also cited at the beginning (SHIN0DA et al. al., and Th. Forster et al.) calculate the inversion temperature range for given mixtures of oil phase, emulsifier or mixtures of emulsifiers and aqueous phase. Accordingly, a few additional determining elements preferably applied in accordance with the present invention to the choice of the emulsifier or emulsifier systems are discussed below. It has been found to be useful to employ multi-component emulsifier systems to control and adapt the required phase-in-temperature (PIT) temperature range to the particular mixture of the multicomponent system, more particularly, taking into account the choice of phase of oil in terms of type and amount and in terms of the level of soluble components in the aqueous phase. Mixtures containing at least one main emulsifier component together with co-emulsifiers can be helpful. Another preferred embodiment contains components of main emulsifiers which, in addition to being suitable for temperature controlled phase inversion, have relatively high HLB values. Components with corresponding HLB values in the range of about 6 to 20 and preferably in the range of 7 to 18 have proven to be components of suitable main non-ionic emulsifiers. These principal components are preferably used together with relatively highly lopophilic coemulsifiers which, in turn, have relatively low HLB values compared to the component or 4 components of particular main emulsifiers. Accordingly, useful co-emulsifiers fall first and foremost within the range of HLB below the range mentioned above for the component or components of main emulsifiers. Suitable co-emulsifiers can also fall within this range of HLB to a when they generally have lower values than the component or components of main emulsifiers present in admixture with their individual HLB values. The following variant has proven to be especially interesting for applying the teachings of the present invention. In an important embodiment of the teachings in accordance with the present invention, the emulsifiers w / o used in practice today, particularly the inverted oil-based drilling fluids, can play the role of a relatively highly lipophilic co-emulsifier in emulsifier mixtures. in accordance with the present invention. The fact that this variation of the teachings in accordance with the present invention may present a particular interest is immediately observed. The current knowledge of the experts on the composition of inverted w / o emulsions based on water or corresponding drilling muds can be largely preserved. The teachings in accordance with the present invention are implemented simply by the addition of one or more components of emulsifiers of the type defined above that can have a phase inversion controlled by temperature in the inverted system w / o. The modification of proven multi-component systems of the type in question to meet the requirement of the teachings in accordance with the present invention can therefore be simplified considerably. Thus, conventional percussion fluids, even if already in use, can be converted into PIT systems according to the present invention by the addition of the coemulsifiers described. The following factors may be considered of particular importance for the implementation of the teachings of the present invention. Suitable oil phases include compounds that, at the same time, have a remarkable co-emulsifying effect in the combination of emulsifying system and oil phase. A classic example of compounds of this type are lipophilic fatty alcohols of natural and / or synthetic origin. Given adequate flow properties under conditions in use, they can be a valuable part of the oil phase or they can even form the oil phase globally. At the same time, they influence the relatively highly hydrophilic main emulsification components added by providing the required reduction in PIT range.

Alcohols of this type are known as ecologically safe components. They are degradable both aerobically and anaerobically. Mixtures thereof with other oil components, more particularly oil components which do not have the same ease of degradation, provide valuable results in terms of promoting the overall optimization sought by the invention. However, other oil phases known in the literature to be predominantly lipophilic when constructing high polarity groups can also develop a corresponding co-emulsifying effect. The (oligo) amides, (ollgo) imides and (oligo) ketones are mentioned as examples of such oil phases. From the wide range of non-ionic emulsifiers, particularly suitable main emulsifying components and / or co-emulsifiers can be assigned according to the present invention to at least one of the following classes: (oligo) alkoxylates - more particularly low alkoxylates among which the ethoxylates and / or corresponding propoxylates are especially important - of basic molecules of natural and / or synthetic origin which contain lipophilic residues and which may exhibit alkoxylation. The length of the alkoxylate groups in relation to the lipophilic groups present in the molecule it determines the particular mixing ratio between the hydrophilic behavior and the hydrophobic behavior in a known manner and the associated allocation of the HBL values. Alkoxylates of the aforesaid type are known to be non-ionic emulsifiers such as talee, ie, with a free terminal hydroxyl group in the alkoxylate resin, even when the corresponding compounds may have a coated end, for example, by esterification and / or esterification. . Another important class of nonionic emulsifiers for the purposes of this invention are partial esters and / or partial polyhydric alcohol ethers containing in particular from 2 to 6 carbon atoms and from 2 to 6 OH groups and / or oligomers thereof with acids. and / or alcohols containing lipophilic residues. Particularly suitable compounds of this type are the compounds which additionally contain (oligo) alkoxy groups and, particularly, the corresponding oligoethoxy groups incorporated into their molecular structure. The polyfunctional alcohols containing from 2 to 6 OH groups in the basic molecule and the oligomers derived therefrom can be, particularly diols and / or triols or else products of the oligomerization thereof, attributing particular importance to glycol and glycerol or to oligomers of the same. However, other polyhydric alcohols of the type collectively mentioned herein as for example trimethylolpropane, pentaerythritol, etc., up to the glycosides or their respective oligomers may also have basic molecules for the drafting with acid and / or alcohols containing lipophilic groups which are therefore important emulsifier components in the context of the invention . Partial ethers of polyhydric alcohols also include known nonionic emulsifiers of the block polymer type ethylene oxide / propylene oxide / butylene oxide. Further examples of corresponding emulsifier components are alkyl (poly) glycosides of long chain alcohols, the fatty alcohols of natural origin and / or synthetic already mentioned and alkylol amides, amine oxides and lecithins. The presence of commercial alkyl (poly) glycoside compounds (compound APG) are emulsifying components in the context of the present invention may be of particular interest, inter alia, because the emulsifiers belonging to this class show remarkable ecological compatibility. Other major emulsifier components, such as, for example, non-ionic surfactant compositions with a relatively large phase inversion behavior, can also be used in part, for example, for the control of phase inversion in the temperature ranges defined in accordance with present invention. These other components of Main emulsifiers can be selected, for example, from oligoalkoxylate compounds that have already been mentioned several times, more particularly from corresponding compounds of the oligoethoxylate type. However, this variation in the improved control capacity of the phase inversion behavior can also be achieved by a corresponding oligoalkoxylation of the APG components themselves. However, by suitable selection of the type and amount of APG component as the main emulsifier and coemulsifiers, for example, conventional inverted w / o emulsifiers, the requirements in accordance with the present invention can be met without any other emulsification aid. Without intending to give all possibilities, the following representatives of the classes of suitable emulsifying components that are presented in the following list are additionally named: the (oligo) alkoxylates of basic molecules containing lipophilic groups can be derived in particular from representatives selected from the following classes of basic molecules containing lipophilic groups: fatty alcohols, fatty acids, amine fats, fatty amides, fatty acid and / or esters of fatty alcohol and / or fatty alcohol ethers, alkalolamides, alkylphenols and / or reaction products thereof with formaldehyde and other products of the reaction of carrier molecules that They contain lipophilic groups with lower alcdxides. As already mentioned, the particular products of the reaction can also be at least partially covered ends. Examples of esters and / or partial ethers of polyhydric alcohols are particularly partial fatty acids, for example of the monoester and / or glycerol diester type, glycol monoesters, corresponding partial esters of oligohydric polyhydric alcohols, partial esters desorbit and the like and corresponding compounds containing the ether groups. The broad knowledge of experts available can be applied in this regard. The partial esters and / or partial ethers in question can also be basic molecules for an (oligo) alkoxylation reaction. As mentioned above, a key determining element for the teachings of the present invention is the amount of emulsifier / eietemae of emulsifiers that is employed in a mixture of multiple components is adapted to the percentage content of the oil phase therein. Accordingly, preferred amounts of emulsifier are of the order of 1% by weight or more and preferably within the range of 5 to 60% by weight, based on the oil phase. In practical terms the following ranges of quantities have proven to be especially suitable for the emulsifiers / emulsifier systems employed in accordance with this invention (based on the oil phase): from 10 to 50% by weight, preferably from 15 to 0% by weight and more preferably from 20 to 35% by weight. Accordingly, the amounts of emulsifiers are comparatively large compared to conventional inverted w / o emulsion systems of the type employed in the field to which the present invention is directed. However, it is not necessarily a disadvantage. On the one hand, the required amount of oil in the water / oil mixture can be greatly reduced in this way in relation to the present levels without having to accept any disadvantage. On the other hand, the situation mentioned at the beginning has been taken into consideration, that is, selected oil phases, for example, fatty alcohols can play a double role and, therefore, are both the oil phase and at the same time a co-emulsifier. in the system formulated according to the invention. It can be seen that entirely new principles for the optimization of processes and processes in the sense of the problem addressed by the present invention can be derived from this aspect. In addition to the above observations, the following additional comments apply to the choice of oil phases. The emulsifier-free oil phase must initially be at least predominantly insoluble in the aqueous emulsion phase and should preferably be able to flow and be pumpable even at room temperature. The flash points of the oil phases above 50 to 60BC, preferably within the range of 80 to 100% or more and with greater preference of the order of 120ac or more are desirable and preferred. It can also be an advantage to employ oil phases having a Brookfield viscosity (RVT) at 0 to ioac not greater than 55 mPas and preferably not greater than 45 mPas, see the relevant literature mentioned above. modern w / o inverted emulsions and, particularly, the presentations of the aforementioned European patents of the applicants and the patent applications specifically included here as part of the presentation of the present invention. 15 The same also applies to mixtures of aqueous phase, oil phase, emulsifiers and typical additives formulated as drilling mud. In a particular embodiment, the mixture formulated as drilling mud has a plastic viscosity (PV) not greater than 100mPas at a temperature of 10 a 15ac above the boundary between the medium emulsion phase and the inverted w / o range. Preferred drilling muds are corresponding drilling muds having a plastic viscosity not greater than 80mPas and, particularly, within a range of 30 to 5mPae. The yield strength (YP) of drilling muds formulated in accordance with the present invention should not be greater than 80 Ib / 100 ft2 at a temperature of 10 to 15ac above the boundary between the middle emulsion phase and the inverted and / or inverted range. The preferred yield strength is not greater than 50 Ib / 100 ft2 and, more particularly, it is higher than 4 to 5 lb / 100 ft2 for example within the range of 10 to 25 lb / 100 ft2. The appropriate overall composition of the free-flowing auxiliary employed to implement the teachings of the present invention is also determined by modern practical requirements. In this regard reference can also be made to the extensive prior art literature mentioned in the description of the invention, particularly as regards inverted fluids w / o. Accordingly, corresponding mixtures according to the present invention, for example, as drilling muds, additionally contain auxiliaries that are typically used in this field, such as thickeners, fluid loss additives, fine particle weighting materials, salts , alkaline reserves optionally and / or biocidae. Particular details that may be applicable to the formulation of perforation fluids according to the present invention can be found for example in EP 37 672. The use of water-soluble methyl glycoside compounds in the aqueous phase also falls within the scope the present invention, see, for example, PCT WO 94/1919.

A particular feature will now be discussed in this aspect. Although based on expert knowledge of the specialist field in question, this feature has not generally been instrumental in the composition of known drilling fluids. It is known that water-based emulsion slurries and, particularly, perforation fluids of the o / w type can be stabilized against unwanted sedimentation of dispersed sdlidoe, even at comparatively low temperatures, due to the presence of soluble polymer compounds. In principle, composed of polymer and soluble in water of natural and synthetic origin are suitable for this purpose. A relevant expert knowledge can be applied in this aspect. In accordance with the present invention, the drilling fluid, overall, can also be cooled out of the point of use to such an extent that it undergoes phase inversion in an o / w emulsion. The relevant rules that apply as to the adequate stabilization of the system in such a way that, particularly, the use of the stabilization of water-soluble polymer compounds in question and / or still clay and swellable in water can be considered. Its preemption in the inverted faee w / o in the hot work zone is not a problem. Detailed information regarding the composition of the perforation fluids of the type to which the present invention is directed and, more particularly, water-based or oil-base drilling fluids and auxiliaries used in practice in this regard can be found, for example in the above-cited book by George R. Gray and HCH Darley entitled "Composition and Properties of Oik Well Drilling Fuids", fourth edition, 1980/81, Gulf Publishing Company, Houston, see particularly chapter 1"Introduction to Drilling Fluids" and chapter 11"Drilling Fluids Components". In spite of the presence of all the auxiliaries known per se, the characteristic of all the auxiliary liquids and, particularly, the drilling fluids in the context of the teachings of the present invention follow: even when the correct choice and coordination of the emulsifiers / emulsifier systems in terms of type and quantity, more particularly with the characteristics of the oil phase used, the inverted phase w / o is formed above the middle emulsion phase upon contact with the inner part of the rock and the high working temperatures that prevail there at least on the contact surface between the hot rock and the emulsion. Outside the working area inside the rock the temperature is reduced, the behavior of these parts in the drilling fluid present there either in its entirety or individually it can again be controlled in several ways through the choice and coordination of the parameters mentioned above. Finally, the objective pursued by the invention, in accordance with what was formulated at the beginning, can be achieved in a way up to the unknown date. The following examples are intended to illustrate specific embodiments of the teachings in accordance with the present invention without limiting said invention in any way. EXAMPLES Examples 1 to 7 below contain general formulations which are characterized by the basic system of oil phase and water phase or aqueous phase and emulsifier or seven emulsifiers. While the formulation of Example 1 is limited to these basic components, standard additives for drilling muds are used in Examples 2 to 7. In the tables summarizing these examples, the values determined for the phase inversion temperature range (PIT) / ac) are assigned to the particular seventh. The PIT range is characterized by its lower and upper temperature limits. The inversion temperature of the phase is determined experimentally by measuring the electrical conductivity of the aqueous emulsions as a function of the temperature. Specific details of the test procedure can be found in the general descriptions of EP 0 345 586 and EP 0 521 981. In the formulations of these examples, some of the components employed are identified by their trade names: Oil phase: Cetiol OE : Ether oil based on di-n-octyl ether OMC 586: Oil phase based on a mixture of ester of substantially saturated fatty acids based on palm oil and 2-ethylhexane which, for the most part, comes from fatty acids Ci 2/14 • Mineralol Ha-359: Fraction of mineral oil with low aromatic level for inverted drilling fluids Emulsifiers: Dehydol LT5: C02-i8 fatty alcohol * 5 E0 CETIOL HE: polyol fatty acid ester based on polyoxyethylene glyceryl monococoate DEHYMULS SML : sorbitan monolaurate Eumulgin EP4: oleyl alcohol »4 EO Lutensol T05 and T07: isotridecyl alcohol» 5 EO and »7 EO Dehydol 980: fatty alcohol C10_14 • 1.6 PO • 6.4 EO RS 1100: polyol of soy 85 * 61 EO Ez-Mul NTE: inverted emulsifier w / o, a product of BAROID, Aberdeen Auxiliaries: Geltone II: organophilic bentonite Duratone: organophilic lignite Tylose VHR and CMC E HVT: cold water soluble polymer compounds based on carboxymethylcellulose Natrosol Plus: cold water soluble polymer compound based on hydroxyethylcellulose (HEC) The additives that are additionally presented in the list in the tables are evident from their chemical identification. EXAMPLE 1 Blends of oil based fae and water in a 5% by weight aqueous solution of CaCl 2 are homogenized in equal amounts in a customary manner using a nonionic emulsifier. The electrical conductivity of the emulsions is measured as a function of temperature and the range of temperature of phase inversion is determined in this way.

The following numerical data apply in this regard: (a) (b) Cetiol OE 45.0 45.0 Dehydor LT 5 10.0 10.0 Water, deethylated 45.0 Aqueous solution of CaCl2 45.0 (5%) PIT / ° C 69-81 59-68 Example 2 The dependence of the PIT range of basically comparable but modified sevenmas is determined in three comparison tests in all three tests the ether oil phase and the emulsifier correspond to the compounds of example 1. Now, however, typical auxiliaries used in drilling muds. Weights are mixed as additives together with the oil phase and the emulsifier. The difference between the three tests in this example are as follows. Example 2a Equal amounts by weight of oil phase and aqueous phase (5% CaCl 2) Example 2b The percentage of oil phase is greatly reduced in relation to the aqueous phase (12 parts by weight to 41 parts by weight of the aqueous phase) . The formulation does not contain an eoluble in cold water. Example 2c The basic formulation of Example 2b is preserved, but with the following modifications: the salt content of the aqueous phase is increased from 5% by weight of CaCl 2 to 30% by weight of CaCl 2 in addition, a polymer compound is employed soluble in cold water to thicken the aqueous phase, even at low temperatures. The PIT / ° C phase inversion temperature range of all the mixtures is determined. In addition, the viscosity of the mixtures is first determined at a temperature well below the PIT range (viscosity at 25 ° C) and second at a temperature well above the PIT range (viscosity at 70 ° C). (a) (b) (c) Cetiol OE 25.07 12.0 12.0 Denydol LT 5 5.57 2.67 2.67 Bentonite 0.20 0.20 0.20 Geltone II 0.40 0.40 0.40 Duratone 0.60 0.60 0.60 Tylose VHR 0.10 0.10 Natrosol Plus GR 331 'CS 0.20 Barite 43.0 43.0 43.0 43.0 Aqueous CaC12 (5%) 25.7 41.03 Aqueous CaC12 (30%) 40.93 PIT / ° C 55-65 54-61 47-49 Viscos (100 / s) / mPas at 25 '»C 120 7 380 Viscos (100 / s) / mPas at 70' ° C 40 1 0 60 Stability Sediments sediments sediment slowly slowly slowly The clear reduction of the PIT range by increasing of the salt concentration of the aqueous phase (example 2c against example 2b) is evident in this case also. The lower viscosity of the multi-component mixture in the water-based o / w emulsion phase at temperatures below PIT (example 2b) is stopped by using the small amount of polymer thickener based on HEC. Example 3 Examples 3a and 3b modify the oil phase of the particular multicomponent mixture. It is now used in this OMC 586 oil. In accordance with the basic formulations of Example 2, the oil phase and the water phase are used in equal amounts (example 3a) and the o / w ratio is again reduced in a similar manner. drastic (example 3b). The range of phase inversion temperatures is determined for both phases. (a) (b) OMC 586 25.07 12.0 Dehydol LT 5 5.57 2.67 Bentonite 0.20 0.20 Geltone II 0.40 0.40 Barite 43.0 43.0 Duratone 0.60 0.60 CMC E HVT 0.10 0.20 Aqueous CaC12 (30%) 25.07 40.93 PIT / ° C 50-53 49- 52 Stability eedimentos sedimentoe slowly quickly Example 4 A drilling fluid based on ester oil is prepared using the formulation of Example 3b and the range of phase inversion temperatures is determined. In the following Table the two measured values are presented separately as PIT / ° C «ascending» for rising temperatures and as PIT / ° C «descending» in the case of low temperatures. Additional samples of this multi-component mixture are conventionally aged by treatment for 16 hours in a roller oven. A sample (example 4b) is aged at a temperature of 250 ° F while another sample (example 4c) is aged at a temperature of 300 ° F. The respective range of phase inversion temperatures ("Ascending" and "descending") of the aged sample are determined later. The following table shows that, even though aging has a certain effect on the PIT range, the differences remain within acceptable limits from the perspective of a practical application. (a) (b) (c) aged aged fresco for 16 hours at 16 hours at 250 ° F 300 ° F OMC 586 12.0 12.0 12.0 Dehydol L T 5 2 .7 2 .7 2. 7 Bentonite 0.2 0.2 0. 2 Geltone II 0.4 0. 4 0.4 Duratone 0. 6 0. 6 0. 6 Natrasol Plus GR 330 CS 0.2 0.2 0. 2 Barite 43.0 43.0 43.0 Aqueous CaC12 (30%) 40.9 40.9 40.9 PIT / ° C (ascending) 47-49 28-34 32.35 PIT / ° C (descending) 44-47 21-22 23-34 Example 5 In the next two mixtures, the oil phase is changed again and is now an α-olefin linear "LAO (C14-16)" which is commercially available and is used in practice as an oil phase for inverted drilling fluids for w / o fluids. In the same way as in Example 3, two drilling fluids containing on the one hand the oil phase and the water phase in a ratio of 1: 1 (example 5a) and, on the other hand, the oil phase in a drastically reduced amount are compared between them for the same emulsifier.

The ranges of phase inversion temperatures determined - PIT / ° C («ascending») and PIT / ° C («descending») - are associated with the particular formulations in the following Table. (a) (b) LAO C14 / 16 25.1 17.0 DEHYDOL LT5 5.6 3.8 Bentonite 0.2 0.2 Geltone Ili 0.4 0.4 Duratone 0.6 0.6 Tylose VHR 0.1 0.1 Barite 43.0 43.0 CaC12 aquoea (30%) 25.0 35.0 PIT / ° C (ascending) 39- 44 23-45 PIT / ° C (descending) 39-43 38-42 Example 6 In the following mixtures, the emulsification system is changed but the oil phase of example 5 is retained. A combination of emulsifiers of an acid ester Comparative hydrophilic polyol fatty acid Cetiol HE with a relatively hydrofidic co-emulsifier (Dehymuls SML) is used in this example. Examples 6a and 6b employ proportions between the oil phase and the aqueous phase of 1: 1 and otherwise identical amounts of additives, but vary in the ratio of the two components of the combination of mixed emulsifiers. The comparison of the phase inversion temperature range is determined - PIT / ° C («ascending») and PIT / ° C («descending») - shows that the PIT ranges they can be increased appreciably by varying the proportions in terms of amounts between the emulsifier components. The range (ranges) of PIT can therefore be adapted optimally to meet the required standards. As in the previous examples, the formulation of Example 6c again varies the ratio between oil and water to a mixture with a relatively low amount of oil even though in this case also, the investment range w / o required in practice is guaranteed not only in the hot well, but also in relatively cooler external sections of the drilling fluid circuit. (a) (b) (c) LAO C14 / 16 25.1 25.1 17.0 Cetiol HE 3 .0 4. 0 2 .71 Dehymuls SML 2.6 1. 6 1.08 Bentonite 0.2 0.2 0. 2 Geltone II 0.4 0. 4 0. 4 Duratone 0. 6 0. 6 0. 6 Barite 43.0 43.0 43 .0 Aqueous CaCl (30%) 2 255..11 25. 0 35.01 PIT / ° C (ascending) 1 133--1188 20-30 15-27 PIT / ° C (descending ¡)) 77--99 20-16 18.22 Example 7 Using the emulsifier sample of Example 6 and a Oil phase based on the OMC 586 ester oil, they are quantitatively adapted to drilling fluid between them in such a way that the phase inversion temperature of both is within the ranges of approximately 20 to 30 ° C. of perforation contains equal amounts of oil phase and a 30% by weight aqueous calcium chloride solution (example 7a), while in the second perforating fluid, the weight ratio between the water phase and the oil phase is approximately 2: 1. The compositions of the respective peroration fluids and the determined phase inversion temperature range -PIT / ° C ("ascending") and PIT / ° C ("descending") - are presented in the following Table. (a) (b) OMC 586 25.1 17.0 Cetiol HE 2.6 1.75 Dehy uls SML 3.0 2.05 Bentonite 0.2 0.2 Geltone II 0.4 0.4 Duratone 0.6 0.6 Barite 43.0 43.0 Aqueous CaC12 (30%) 25.1 35.0 PIT / ° C (ascending; 30 21-25 PIT / ° C (descending) 19-21 18-19 Stability sediments sediments Slowly very slowly Example 8 Various drilling fluids based on known oil phases for inverted drilling fluids w / o are formulated using the multi-component mixture with a comparatively low amount of oil from example 7b with their temperature range of phase inversion of approximately 20 to 25 ° C. The viscosity data of the material are determined in the following manner before and after aging: The viscosity is measured at 50 ° C in a Fann-35 viecosimeter from Baroid Drilling Fluids INC. The plastic viscoeity (PV), the yield point (YP) and the gel strength (lb / 100ft2) after 10 seconds and 10 minutes is determined in a known manner. The drilling fluid coated in the standard formulation of Example 7b is aged by treatment in a roller oven for 16 hours at a temperature of 2560 ° F. The oil phases used in the particular formulation are identified below and the characteristic data are determined before and after aging and are presented in the following table. The mixtures of multiple components tested correspond to the following formula: oil phase Cetiol He 76.5 g Cetiol HE 7.9 g Dehylate SML 9.2 g Solution of CaCl2 (30%) 157.5 g Bentonite 0.9 g Geltone II 1.8 g Duratone HT 2.7 g Baryte 193.5 g Example 8a As an oil phase, oil is used rapeseed as triglyceride of natural origin. The characteristic data determined before and after the aging of the material are presented in the following table. Before After aging aging Plastic viscosity (PV) mPas 37 45 Flow point (YP) lb / 100 ft2 15 14 Gel resistance Lb / 100 ft2 (10 sec) Gel resistance Lb / 100 ft2 (10 min) Example 8b The di-n-octyl ether Cetiol OE was used as the oil phase.

The characteristic data determined before and after the aging of the material are as follows: Before After aging aging Plastic viscosity (PV) mPas 59 51 Flow point (YP) lb / 100 ft2 24 19 Gel resistance Lb / 100 ft2 (10 sec) 5 5 Gel strength Lb / 100 ft2 (10 min) 7 6 Example 8c Isotrideclic alcohol is used as the continuous oil phase. The values determined for the system are as follows: Before After aging aging Plastic viscosity (PV) mPas 37 20 Flow point (YP) lb / 100 ft2 18 8 Gel resistance Lb / 100 ft³ (10 sec) Gel resistance Lb / 100 ft2 (10 min) 6 4 Example 8d The oil phase used in this example is the commercial product CP07 from Baroid, a free-flowing oil phase coated in saturated paraffins. The determined values are presented in the following table: Before After aging afiejamiento Plastic viscosity (PV) mPas 50 42 Flow point (YP) lb / 100 ft2 15 16 Gel resistance Lb / 100 ft2 (10 sec) 4 5 Resistance of gel Lb / 100 ft2 (10 min) 5 6 Example 8e In this example, an alpha-olefins Ci _ 6 (70/30) of the LAO type is used as the oil phase. The characteristic data of the material before and after aging are as follows Before After aging aging Plastic Viscoeity (PV) mPas 50 46 Creep point (YP) lb / 100 ft2 15 18 Gel strength Lb / 100 ft2 (10 sec) 4 5 Gel strength Lb / 100 ft2 (10 min) 5 10 Example 8f Ester oil OMC 586 is used as an oil phase in this example. The characteristic data of the material before and after aging are as follows: After aging Aged aging Plastic viscosity (PV) mPae 66 67 Flow point (YP) lb / 100 ft2 25 25 Gel resistance Lb / 100 ft2 (10 eeg) ) 5 6 Gel Resistance Lb / 100 ft2 (10 min) 6 6 Example 9 Under the headings Examples 9a, 9b and 9c, the following table presents formulations for perforation emulsions wherein the oil phase is formed by the ester oil 1 OMC 586 together with a 30% aqueous solution of CaCl. The particular mixtures of emulsifiers employed from the main component of emulsifiers and the co-emulsifier together with the other ingredients typical of the perforation emulsions are set forth in the following Table where they are assigned to the effects 9a to 9c. Finally, the ranges of PIT of the various mixtures of multiple components appear in the table. Examples 9a 9b 9c WTO 586 26.50 25. 10 17. 00 Eumulgin EP 4 3.90 RS 1100 2 .60 1.75 Dhylmuls SML 2.02 3. 00 2.05 Bentonite 0.23 0.20 0.20 Geltone II 0. 63 0.40 0.40 Duratone HT 1.03 0. 60 0. 60 Barite 36. 18 43.0 43.0 Ca (0H) 2 0.08 Solution of CaC12 (30%) 29.42 25.10 35. 00 PIT / ° C (ascending) 27-36 22-30 22-26 PIT / ° C (descending) 19-26 18-19 EXAMPLE 10 The mixtures of this example-10a to 10g-all employ a commercial w / o inverted emulsifier (Ez-Mul NTE, a product of Baroid Aberdeen) as a co-emulsifier. East Inverted emulsifier w / o is widely used in inverted drilling fluid. The coemulsifier is combined with several major emulsifier components corresponding to the definition of conformity with the invention. They are used Subsequent oil phases - in each step along with 30% by weight of an aqueous calcium chloride solution: Example 10a Mineralol Ha-359 Examples 10b to lOe Sterol WTO 586 Examples lOf and lOg Linear olefin (LAO C14 /! 6 (70/30)) The typical ingredients of the perforation emulsions as presented in the following Table (type and amount) are mixed together with these components. The determined phase inversion temperature ranges (PIT / ° C) are also illustrated in the Table. Examples 10 »10b 10c lOd lOe lOf lOg OMC 586 26.50 26.5022.69 25.60 Mineraldl Ha-359 26.50 LAO C14 / 16 (70/30) 25.10 17.00 Lutensol T07 4.20 3.30 3.50 2.37 C10-18 * carbonate 9E0 4.92 Dehydol 980 2.80 Spirit of Guerbet 5.83 C * 6 EO EZ-Mul NTE as 1.72 1.00 3.12 3.90 2.62 2.10 1.43 emulsifier Bentonite 0.23 0.23 0.23 0.23 0.23 0.20 0.20 Geitone II 0.64 0.64 0.64 0.64 0.64 0.40 0.40 Duratone HT 1.03 1.03 1.03 1.03 1.03 0.60 0.60 Barite 36.18 36.18 36.1836.18 36.18 43.00 43.00 Ca (OH) 2 0.08 0.08 0.08 0.08 0.08 CaCl2 solution 29.42 29.42 29.4229.42 29.42 25.10 35.00 (30%) PIT / ° C (ascending) 14-24 35-41 24-3230-34 23-28 22-29 33 -38 PIT / ° C (descending) 21-29 23-24 EXAMPLE 11 In five test mixtures employing phase of OMC 586 ester oil and 30% by weight of an aqueous solution of sodium chloride as the liquid phase, the particular proportions between oil and water (% by volume) that are used They vary as follows: 40:60, 50:50, 60:40, 70:30, 80:20 In each case, a mixture of Lutensol TOS is used as the main component of emulsifier and EZ-Mul NTE as co-emulsifier as the emulsifiers system. The quantities in which the five mixtures tested are present in the test formulation are presented in the Next Table the plastic viscosity (PV in mPas), the yield point (YP in lb / 100 ft2) and the gel strength (gel 10 in / 10 in lb / 100 ft2) of these multicomponent mixtures are determined before of aging (BHR) and after aging (AHR). The various drilling fluids are conventionally aged for 16 hours at a temperature of 250 F in a roller furnace. The viscosity plates are also determined in a conventional manner, see example 8. Table for example 11 A B C WTO 586 68.5 85.6 102.6 Lutensol T05 (g) 8.53 10.65 12.77 Ez-Mul NTE (g) 6.76 8.45 10.13 CaCl solution (30%) (g) 170.6 142.2 113.9 Bentonite (g) 0.9 0.9 0.9 Geltone II (g) 2.5 2.5 2.5 Duratone HT (g) 4 4 4 Cal (g) 0.3 0.3 0.3 Barite (g) 107.8 123.8 140.1 Proportion o / w% at 40:60 50:50 60:40 volume D E WTO 586 102.6 119.8 Lutensol TOS (g) 14.91 17.04 Ez-Mul NTE (g) 11.83 13.52 CaCl solution (30%) (g) 85.29 56.86 Bentonite (g) 0.9 0.9 Geltone II (g) 2.5 2.5 Duratone HT (g) 4 4 Cal (g) 0.3 0.3 Barite (g) 156.7 169.1 Proportion o / w% in volume 70:30 80:20 PV (mPas) BHR AHR BHR AHR BHR HBR Yp (lb / 100 ft2) 73 10 69 55 45 44 Gel resistance 35 1 24 20 10 9 10inch / 10 '(lb / 100 ft2) 6/7 3/3 5/5 4/4 3/3 4/5 PIT / ac (ascending) 30--41 25-31 23- • 26 PIT / ac (descending) 23--25 23-28 26- • 28 PV (mPas) BHR AHR BHR AHR Yp (lb / 100 ft2) 30 30 20 23 Gel Repetition 3 6 5 4 10inch / 10 '(lb / 100 ft2) 3/3 3/4 2/2 3/4 PIT / ° C (ascending) 23-29 21-23 PIT / ° C (descending) 23-30 22-24 EXAMPLE 12 The following Table shows a series of tests in accordance with the present invention employing systems of emulsifiers containing APG compounds as part of the component or components of main emulsifiers or as a single component of the main emulsifier. The Cj.2-16 APG product marketed by applicants as APG 600 is used as the APG component. The products employed contain 51% by weight of active substance. In both cases, the co-emulsifier used, the inverted emulsifier w / o commercial Ez-Mul NTE: The following Table shows the composition of the perforation emulsions in percentage by weight and the temperature ranges of phase inversion (PIT / ° Ascending C). Example Example Example 12a 12b 12c 12d OMC 586 26.50 26.50 26.5 26.5 Lutensol T05 1.65 APG 600 1.65 3.30 5.12 5.70 Ez-Mul NTE 2.62 2.62 3.30 3.00 Bentonite 0.23 0.23 0.23 0.23 Geltone II 0.64 0.64 0.64 0.64 Duratone HT 1.03 1.03 1.03 1.03 Banta 36.18 36.18 36.18 36.18 Ca (0H) 2 0.08 0.08 0.08 0.08 Solution of 29.42 29.42 26.92 26.64 CaCl2 (30%) PIT / ° C 20-22 46-49 10.6-14.7 22.4-2-; (ascending) PIT / ° C (descending) 9.9-14.3 22.0-7.0 Stability sediments sediments slowly slowly Example 13 In another test an inverted perforation emulsion is investigated using rapeseed oil as triglyceride of natural origin. This example employs a mixture of one part by weight of rapeseed oil and slightly more than 4 parts by weight of the OMC 586 ester oil as the oil phase. The composition by weight (in g) of the tested emulsion can be found in the following table. As in example 8, the perforation emulsion is aged for 16 hours at a temperature of 250 ° F and then tested at a temperature of 50 ° C to determine its key relogic data in the same manner as described in example 8. The values determined before the Aging (BHR) and after aging (AHR) are assigned to particular drilling fluid in the following table. Finally, the determined PIT ranges are assigned to fresh and aged drilling fluids. The figures shown represent the temperatures at which the conductivity reaches 0 ms / cm. Table for example 13 A 0MC586 (g) 82.6 Rapeseed oil (g) 20 Lutensol T05 (g) 12.77 Ez-Mul NTE (g) 10.13 CaC12 solution (30%) (g) 113.9 Bentonite (g) 0.9 Geltone II (g) 2.5 Duratone HT (g 4 Cal (g) 0.3 Barite (g) 140.1 BHR AHR PV (mPas) 64 64 YP (lb / 100 ft2) 38 37 Gel Repetition 19/9 18/6 lOpulg / 10 '(lb / 100 ft2) PIT / ° C (ascending) 30 32.9

Claims

CLAIMS A multi-component mixture that can flow and be pumped based on a mixture of multiple phases of emulsifiers containing water and oil and, if desired, other emulsifiable and / or dispersible auxiliaries, soluble, for use in the exploration by drilling and / or for the additional treatment of wells drilled in this way, characterized by the use of emulsifiers or emulsifying systems which, in the particular multiseed mixture in question, causes a phase inversion controlled by temperature at a phase inversion temperature (PIT) in a temperature range whose upper limit is so below the working temperature of the multi-component mixture in geological exploration that the water-based part of the multi-component mixture is present as phase (inverted) dispersed in the continuous oil phase (inverted emulsion w / o) while the lower limit This temperature range allows the multi-component mixture to be converted into an o / w emulsion with a continuous aqueous phase.
A multiplex component mixture according to claim 1, characterized in that the upper limit of the phase inversion temperature range is minus 3 to 5 ° C below the working temperature of the multi-component mixture in geological exploration, steeper intervals between these two temperature parameters preferably at least 10 to 15 ° C and more preferably 20 to 30 ° C C preferring.
A mixture of multiple components according to claims 1 and 2, characterized in that the PIT of the multi-component mixture is within a temperature range above the solidification temperature of its assignated fae as a lower limit, preferably above 0 to 5 ° C, and up to 100 ° C as upper limit.
A mixture of multiple components according to claims 1 to 3, characterized in that the PIT of the mixture of multiple components is within the range of 5 to 80 ° C, preferably within the range of 10 to 60 ° C, and with greater preference within the range of 15 to 50 ° C, with mixtures of multiple components of the type described being preferred with a PIT within the range of 20 to 350 ° C.
A mixture of multiple components according to claims 1 to 4, characterized in that it can flow and be pumped even in the region of room temperature.
A mixture of multiple components according to any of claims 1 to 5, characterized in that their emulsifiers / emulsifier systems are at least partially and preferably at least predominantly non-ionic structural elements and / or jointly non-ionic structural elements and anionic structural elements between them in the basic molecular structure.
A mixture of multiple components according to claims 1 to 6, characterized in that it contains multi-component emulsifier systems, especially for easier adaptation of the PIT to the predetermined working temperature range, with mixtures of main emulsifying components being preferred with a relatively important hydrophilic behavior and highly lipophilic co-emulsifiers.
A mixture of multiple components according to claims 1 to 7, characterized in that it contains components of main emulsifiers with HLB values of 6 to 20 and preferably of 7 to 18 which, in a preferred embodiment, are used together with coemulsifiers relatively highly lipophilic with a lower HLB value compared to the main emulsifier component or the main emulsifier components.
A mixture of multiple components according to claims 1 to 8, characterized in that the components of nonionic emulsifiers present (components of main emulsifiers and / or co-emulsifiers) are representatives of at least one of the following classes: (oligo) alkoxylates, more particularly ethoxylates and / or propoxylates, of basic molecules of natural and / or synthetic origin containing lipophilic residues and which can be subjected to alkoxylation, the alkoxylates optionally have an end coating, partial esters and / or partial ethers of polyhydric alcohols which they contain in particular from 2 to 6 carbon atoms and from 2 to 6 groups OH and / or oligomers thereof with acids and / or alcohols containing lipophilic residues and which may also contain residues of (oligo) alkoxylate - particularly residues of (oligo) ethoxylate - incorporated in the molecular structure, (poly) alkyl glycosides of long-chain alcohols, fatty alcohols of natural and / or synthetic origin, alkylolamides, amine oxides and lecithins.
10. A mixture of multiple components according to claims 1 to 9, characterized in that the emulsifiers / emulsifier systems are adapted in the amount used in the mixture of multiple components to the percentage of oil phase therein and are present in amounts of preferably 1 % by weight or more and more preferably in amounts of 5 to 60% by weight (based on oil phase), particularly preferred ranges of quantities for these emulsifiers, based again on the oil phase, following: from 10 to 50% by weight, from 15 to 40% by weight, and more particularly, from 20 to 35% by weight.
11. A mixture of multiple components according to claims 1 to 10, characterized in that the emulsifier-free oil phase is at least predominantly insoluble in the aqueous emulsion phase and can preferably flow and pump even at room temperature and has flash points above 60 ° C, preferably within the range of 80 to 100 ° C or more and more preferably 120 ° C or more.
12. A mixture of multiple components according to claims 1 to 11, characterized in that the oil phase has a Brookfield viscosity (RVT) at 0 to 10 ° C not higher than 55 mPas and preferably not greater than 45 mPas.
13. A mixture of multiple components according to claims 1 to 12, characterized in that it contains oil phases or mixed oil phases that belong at least partially and preferably predominantly to the following classes: saturated hydrocarbons (linear, branched and / or or cyclic), olefinically unsaturated hydrocarbons, more particularly of the LAO type (linear alpha-olefins), type 10 (internal olefins) and / or type PAO (polymeric alpha-olefins), aromatic hydrocarbons, naphthenes, carboxylic acid esters of monohydric and / or polyhydric alcohols, ethers, acetals, carbonic acid esters, fatty alcohols, silicone, (oligo) amides, (oligo) imides and / or (oligo) ketones.
A mixture of multiple components according to any of claims 1 to 13, characterized in that the weight ratio (parts by volume) between the water based phase (W) and the oil phase (oil) is within the following ranges : from 90 to 100 W: from 10 to 90 oil, preferably from 85 to 20 W: from 15 to 80 oil.
A mixture of multiple components according to claims 14, characterized in that the water-based part (W) represents up to 30 to 35% by volume or more, preferably 40% by volume or more, and more preferably, 50% in volume or more of the W / oil mixture.
A mixture of multiple components according to claims 1 to 15, characterized in that it is formulated as a drilling mud for an exploration on land and / or preferably drilling at sea, more particularly for the development of oil and / or gas fields , drilling muds being preferred with a PIT of 50 ° C less and more especially in the range of 20 to 35 ° C.
17. A mixture of multiple components according to claims 1 to 16, characterized in that the PIT of the overall system is adapted to the conditions under which the drilling mud is used in such a way that, after the separation of the drilling mud, the cuttings covered with mud can be cleaned by washing with cold water, especially seawater, preferably with phase inversion of w / oa or w.
18. A mixture of multiple components in accordance with the 10 claims 1 to 17, characterized in that, at a temperature of 10 to 15 ° C above the boundary between the medium emulsion fae and the inverted w / o range, the mixture formulated as drilling mud has a plastic viscosity (PV). not greater than 100 mPas, preferably not 15 greater than 80 mPas, and more preferably within the range of 30 to 45 mPas and a yield point (YP) not greater than 80 lb / 100 ft2, preferably not greater than 50 lb / 100 ft2 and, more preferably , within the range of 10 to 25 lb / 100 ft2.
19. A mixture of multiple components according to claims 1 to 18, characterized in that, when formulated as drilling mud, it also contains typical auxiliaries such as thickeners, fluid loss additives, weight additives, etc. 25 fine particles, organic and / or inorganic auxiliaries soluble in water, such as for example lower polyhydric alcohols, oligomers thereof and / or (oligo) alkoxylates, organic and / or inorganic water soluble salts, optionally alkaline and / or biocide reserves.
A mixture of multiple components according to claims 1 to 19, characterized in that it contains patches of polymers dissolved in the aqueous phase which further prevent separation of the multi-phase system, particularly at temperatures below the PIT (emulsion o / w).
The use of emulsifiers or semis of emulsifiers with a phase inversion temperature (PIT) of 0 to 100 ° C, for the temperature-dependent formation of emulsions o / w and w / or from water-based and oil-based liquid phases (emulsification or / at temperatures below PIT and inverted emulsification w / at temperatures above PIT) for the production and use of emulsions that can flow and can be optionally pumped charged with fine particulate solids, more particularly drilling fluids, for geological exploration and / or for the additional treatment of correspondingly drilled wells.
The use claimed in claim 21, characterized by the choice of such emulsifiers in terms of type and quantity - in coordination with the oil phase and the other determining parameters of the multi-component emulsion system - that the multi-component mixture is present as an inverted emulsion w / o at least at its working temperature within the rock, but outside it can be converted by cooling into an o / w emulsion.
23. The use claimed in claims 21 and 22, characterized in that the PIT of the system is adapted to the 10 working temperature assumed by the emulsion that can flow and be pumped when coming into contact with the rock of such a mill that the formation of the inverted phase w / o above the middle emulsion phase is guaranteed at least on the contact surface between the hot rock and the 15 emuleión.
24. The use according to claims 21 to 23, characterized in that the mixture of multiple components is used with a PIT of 5 to 60 ° C, preferably of 10 to 50 ° C and, more preferably, of 15 to 35 ° C. ° C.
25. The use according to claims 21 to 24, characterized in that the emulsion systems that can flow and be pumped with an o / w ratio by volume within the following ranges are produced and used: from 15 to 60 parts of Oil: 85 to 40 parts of water, of 25 preference of 15 to 50 parts of oil: from 85 to 50 parts. The use according to claims 21 to 25, characterized in that the PIT of the mixture of multiple components and the circulation temperature of the drilling fluid inside and outside the well are coordinated between them in such a way that the circulating parts of the fluid of perforation are not subject to phase inversion (w / oao / w while the components removed from the circuit, particularly those parts of the drilling fluid that adhere to the cuttings, can eometeree to investment of phase by means of a reduction of the temperature. The use of the multiple component systems claimed in claims 1 to 20 in inverted drilling fluids w / o (drilling mud) of the type used in geological exploration for the purpose of limiting the necessary amount of oil phase while at the same time an inverted w / o emulsification is ensured, to neutralize the drilling fluid containing water in direct contact with the walls of the well and the cuttings of rock at high temperatures and for the purpose of facilitating the disposal of the cuttings covered with drilling mud by inversion of the mud phase at low temperatures. SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION The invention relates to mixtures of multiple components that can flow and pump based on a mixture of multiple phases of water and oil containing emulsifiers and, if desired, other auxiliary soluble, emulsifying and / or capable of dispersing to its use in exploration by drilling and / or for the additional treatment of wells drilled in this way. The invention is characterized by the use of emulsifiers or emulsifier systems which, in the particular mixture of multiple components in question, lead to a phase inversion controlled by temperature at a phase inversion temperature (PIT) within a temperature range whose upper limit is so far below the working temperature of the multi-component mixture in geological exploration that the water-based part of the multi-component mixture is present as an (inverted) phase dispersed in the continuous oil phase (emulsion inverted w / o) while the lower limit of this temperature range allows the multi-component mixture to be converted into an o / w emulsion with a continuous aqueous phase. Emulsifiers or at least partially nonionic emulsifier systems with a PIT of 0 to 100 ° C are especially suitable. The invention allows to meet optimally with the requirements of technical performance, ecological compatibility and relationship between coefficient and effectiveness.