RU2191973C2 - Antiaircraft gun and rocket combat vehicle - Google Patents

Abstract

FIELD: weaponry, antiaircraft defense forces. SUBSTANCE: antiaircraft gun and rocket combat vehicle includes turret mount with gun and rocket armament, optical and radar responder of millimeter range mounted on antiaircraft guided rocket, target acquisition radar, target tracking radar of centimeter range with guidance and stabilization drives and common main antenna, optical-electronic equipment of rocket sighting and digital computer. Enhanced combat efficiency and noise immunity of combat vehicle are achieved by addition of radar target tracking and rocket insertion channel of millimeter wave range incorporating double-range main antenna feed, antenna of rocket insertion, transmitter, master generator, SHF receivers of main antenna and antenna of rocket insertion, intermediate frequency receiver, preliminary signal processing unit, synchronizer and digital computer. Output of transmitter is connected to millimeter range elements of double-range main antenna feed and its input is connected to first output of master generator which second output is connected to second input of SHF receiver of main antenna and first input is connected to synchronizer, second input is connected to first output of master generator of centimeter range which second output is connected to second input of intermediate frequency receiver. Outputs of main antenna and antenna of rocket insertion are connected to first inputs of SHF receiver of main antenna and to input of receiver of antenna of rocket insertion which outputs and outputs of SHF intermediate frequency receiver of centimeter wave range are connected to first inputs of intermediate frequency receiver. Outputs of the latter are connected to first inputs of preliminary signal processing unit which output is connected by bus of digital parallel interface to input of digital computer which is connected by bus of parallel interface to units of synchronizer. Output of synchronizer is connected by bus of digital parallel interface to second input of preliminary signal processing unit and by bus of digital series interface to digital computer and to digital computer system of combat vehicle. EFFECT: enhanced combat efficiency and noise immunity. 1 cl, 3 dwg

Description

 The invention relates to the field of armaments and can be used in air defense forces.

 It is known that air attack weapons (AED) are constantly undergoing changes in the characteristics, composition and tactics of use. Aircraft and helicopters are equipped with new navigation systems that allow air strikes at low altitudes, day and night, under any weather conditions, under the guise of precision weapons such as cruise missiles, anti-radar missiles, guided bombs. This, in turn, in order to combat air-raids, requires anti-aircraft systems of increased efficiency from combat vehicles (BM).

 There are known foreign cannon systems of the Cheetah type (Germany), as well as missile systems of the Roland type (Germany, France) with radar and optical target tracking channels (1). The main disadvantage of these complexes is that they have only one type of weaponry, and this is not enough to effectively combat massive air raids, and the formation of mixed (cannon and missile) batteries is very expensive. Also known is the domestic Tunguska complex (2). The complex "Tunguska" implemented the idea of combining two types of weapons: missile and cannon in one VM. The main disadvantage of the Tunguska complex and its modifications (3), which are in service with the Russian Army, is their low noise immunity.

 Closest to the technical nature of the claimed invention is the BM complex "Tunguska M1-1" (4), containing a self-propelled chassis, tower installation (BU) with cannon and missile weapons with optical and radar transponder millimeter (mm) wavelength range, drive weapons, radar (radar) target detection (SOC), radar tracking targets centimeter wave (cm) wavelength with an antenna column (AK) and a common main antenna, an optical sight with equipment for selecting coordinates of an anti-aircraft guided missile (SAM) ) with guidance and stabilization drives and a digital computer system (DAC).

 The disadvantage of the BM complex "Tunguska M1-1" is the impossibility of tracking low-flying (10-5 m) targets and insufficient noise immunity of the radar channel tracking targets.

 The objective of the invention is the creation of BM, which will provide support for low-flying targets and sufficient noise immunity of the radar channel, which will significantly increase the combat effectiveness of BM.

 The task is achieved in that in a BM containing a turret with cannon and rocket weapons with an optical and radar mm-range transponder mounted on missiles, radar for detecting targets, radar tracking targets in the sm-wave range with a master oscillator and transmitter, with an antenna column (AK) with guidance and stabilization drives, with a common main antenna, optoelectronic equipment for sighting SAMs and a digital computer system, a radar channel for tracking the target and entering SAMs in the mm range has been introduced A wave consisting of a dual-band (cm + mm) irradiator of the main antenna, an input antenna for SAM (ATS), a master oscillator, a transmitter and microwave (UHF) receivers of the main antenna and ATS, an intermediate frequency receiver, a signal preprocessing unit, a synchronizer and a digital computer (Digital computer), while the output of the transmitter is connected to the mm-elements of the dual-band feed, and the input to the first output of the master oscillator, the second output of which is connected to the second input of the microwave receiver of the main antenna, and the first stroke - with a synchronizer, the second input - with the first output of the master oscillator of the cm-wave range, the second output of which is connected to the second input of the intermediate frequency receiver; the outputs of the main antenna and the output of the ATS are connected to the first inputs of the microwave receiver of the main antenna and to the input of the receiver of the ATS, the outputs of which and the outputs of the microwave receiver of the cm range are connected to the first inputs of the intermediate frequency receiver, the outputs of which are connected to the first inputs of the signal preprocessing unit, the output of which is connected via a digital parallel interface bus to the input of a digital computer, which is connected by a parallel interface bus to synchronizer units, the output of which is a digital parallel bus the interface is connected to the second input of the signal preprocessing unit, and the digital serial interface bus is connected to the digital computer and the BM digital computer system, and the synchronizer is made in the form of two blocks: one of which is combined with master oscillators, transmitters, and microwave - receivers of both (cm and mm) wave ranges, an intermediate frequency receiver is located in the antenna column, and the other, together with the signal preprocessing unit, and a digital computer, in the tower constant installation.

 Placing the master oscillator and transmitter of the sm-range of waves in the AK allows sharply reducing the amount of equipment in the control unit, eliminating rotating microwave transitions and significantly reducing the number of wires between the control unit and the AK.

 The introduced radar channel for tracking targets and entering missiles of the mm-range of waves, together with the radar channel for tracking targets of the cm-range of waves, form a dual-band (cm + mm) radar tracking of targets and sighting of missiles (SSRC).

 In FIG. (on 3 sheets) shows the structural diagram of the SSCR.

 SSRS is a two-channel pulse-Doppler radar for target tracking and SAM, using the monopulse direction finding method and operating in cm and mm wavelengths. The SSRC contains: a dual-band feed unit 1 of the main antenna 2, an input antenna for SAM 3, separate for both ranges: microwave paths 4, 5, oscillators 6, 7, transmitters 8, 9, microwave receivers 10, 11 and general: intermediate frequency receiver 12 , a signal preprocessing unit 13, a synchronizer 14 and a digital computer 15.

 The main antenna 2 is intended for the emission and reception of signals in the cm and mm wave bands, as well as the reception of the signals of the radar transponder of the SAM range of the mm range and is a two-mirror antenna system with an amplitude distribution falling to the edges of the aperture, with a dual-band (cm + mm) monopulse the irradiator 1, located in the center of the mirror (reflector) and with the implementation of the circular polarization mode by decomposition into orthogonal components of the irradiation field on the front polarizing mirror (counterreflector). To increase the aperture utilization coefficient, the basic optical system is taken in the form of an unfolded hyperbolic generatrix and a parabolic generatrix displaced from the axis of symmetry, which eliminates the rays reflected from the counterreflector in the irradiator. The main antenna 2 forms a radiation pattern (BOTTOM) in both the cm and mm wave bands. Such an antenna design virtually eliminates alignment errors of radar channels and measurement errors of target coordinates within the width of the direction-finding characteristic.

 The use of a dual-band irradiator 1 of the main antenna 2 allows you to simplify the waveguide path, place microwave receivers closer to the irradiators, reduce the length of the waveguides and, consequently, the loss in them.

The antenna for the introduction of SAM 3 is a single-channel phased array of the mm wave range, which provides (by the signals of the 16 BM BMC) the formation of a wide (10 ^o ) or narrow (3 ^o ) total DND and control of its position in space. The single-channel construction of the ATS 3 allows you to simplify the receiving microwave path and use a separate single-channel microwave receiver 17.

 Microwave paths 4, 5 are a set of necessary switches, circulators, protective devices for microwave receivers, connecting waveguides for the main antenna and ATS.

 The operation of the transmitting and receiving channels of the SSRC is carried out sequentially in time.

 Each of the transmitters 8, 9 is a traveling-wave power amplifier, the outputs of which are connected via waveguides to the corresponding elements of the dual-band feed unit 1. The oscillators 6, 7 have a common reference oscillator located in a 7 cm waveband oscillator, the signal of which is used synchronizer blocks 14 and an intermediate frequency receiver 12. The pulse power of the 9 cm-range transmitter is selected based on ensuring the target capture range and ensuring the necessary density power outflow at maximum flight range of missiles. The transmitter 9 generates at the output the probe pulses and pulses of control commands SAM;

 The receiving device includes two three-channel microwave receivers 10, 11 with double frequency conversion in the cm-range and triple frequency conversion in the mm-range. The local oscillator signals for the cm converter are generated from the subharmonics of the signal of the master oscillator 7, and the local oscillator signals for the mm transducer are formed from the subharmonics of the master oscillator signal 6. Such generation of the local oscillator signals made it possible to exclude the waveguides through which the local oscillator signals were transmitted to microwave receivers.

 The total (Σ) and difference azimuthal (Δβ) and elevation (Δε) signals from the corresponding elements of the dual-band feed of the main antenna through the microwave paths are connected via waveguides to the corresponding inputs of the microwave receivers 10, 11, where they are amplified, converted and then fed to Intermediate frequency (IF) receiver inputs 12.

 The inverter amplifies the signals at an intermediate frequency, adjusts the transmission coefficients, implements the amplification of the signals depending on the range, and also provides switching of the signals received by the main antenna (OA) 2 and ABP3. Switching is carried out by commands from the synchronizer 14. The inverter is connected either to the three-channel output of the microwave receivers 10, 11 OA2, or to the single-channel output of the microwave receiver 17 ABP3. This increased the isolation between the channels and reduced the loss of microwave signals.

 Thus, one IF receiver provides processing of the total and two difference signals received from the target and the total signal from the SAM. The output of the inverter is connected to the input of the signal preprocessing unit (BPOS) 13.

 In the signal preprocessing unit, signals are amplified and filtered at an intermediate frequency, their detection and analog-to-digital conversion. In BPOS 13, reprogrammable elements are used to complement and change the capabilities of the receiving channel, if necessary, to refine it. The output of the BPOS 13 via the digital parallel interface bus is connected to the digital computer 15. The modes and parameters of the signal preprocessing unit are set via the digital parallel interface bus from the digital computer 15.

 The digital computer 15 is a combined digital device designed as a signal processor and data processor. Digital computer 15 consists of two functional devices having a common data exchange channel: a programmable signal processor (PPS) and a specialized computer (SCM). The faculty is designed to solve the problems associated with the primary processing of the radar signal, and the SCVM is used to solve the problems of controlling the SSRC blocks, analyze and digitally process information from the faculty, measure the coordinates of the target, and also interact with BM systems via the digital serial interface bus. The presence of large operational and permanent memory in a digital computer allows solving the problems of diagnosis and maintenance using technical documentation on magnetic media. The digital computer is connected by a parallel interface bus to the synchronizer 14.

 A distinctive feature of the SSRC is that the synchronizer 14 is made in the form of two blocks: one is placed in the antenna column 18 together with microwave paths 4, 5, oscillators 6, 7, transmitters 8, 9, receivers 10, 11, 17, an intermediate receiver frequency 12, and the other together with the signal preprocessing unit 13 and the digital computer 15 in the tower installation 19. The synchronizer located in the AK 18 generates synchronization signals and controls the operation of the SSRC blocks located in the AK, and also receives and relay reports on their functional consist They receive and relay control commands for the elements of the microwave paths ОА2 and АВР3 depending on the operating mode, and the synchronizer located in the control unit 19 generates synchronization and control signals for the CCSS units located in the control unit, and also receives and relay reports on their functional status , provides coding of radio commands, the formation of pulse sequences coming through the digital parallel interface bus to the signal preprocessing unit 13 and digital computer 15, digital and analog information conversion the movement coming from the control units for the guidance and stabilization drives of the AK, as well as the organization of the exchange of information on the digital serial interface bus between the digital computer 15 and the digital computer 16 VM. The placement of the synchronizer blocks 14 in the AK and the control unit made it possible to place its blocks at a minimum distance from the controlled blocks, thereby significantly reducing the length of the communication lines and switch to the wider use of the parallel main interface, which in turn allowed us to abandon several terminal devices, signal conditioners and other control devices associated with the use of a digital serial interface, which reduces the mass-dimensional and improves operational characteristics iki SSTSR.

 The combat work is as follows: the SOC makes an overview of the airspace and in case of detection of "alien" targets, it automatically provides their coordinates in the BMC. CVS BM selects the most dangerous of them according to a certain criterion and automatically issues the coordinates of the additional search to the SSCR. In order to reduce the time of additional search when capturing a target for auto tracking, the width of the bottom of the cm channel is associated with the targeting error field in the SOC azimuth. SSSR carries out the development of target designation, makes an additional search for the target, its detection, capture and auto tracking. When the target is captured by the cm-channel, the main mode of operation of the transmitters is established: alternating switching on the radiation by the cm and mm channels. In the CCSM digital computer, in the algorithm for selecting the working channel, the relationships between the signal level, the noise level and the potential accuracy of measuring the angular coordinates in two ranges are analyzed and a decision is made for auto tracking with a cm or mm channel. When a missile launcher is launched, the BMC TsVS provides the coordinates of the center for grouping the missiles in azimuth and elevation, as well as the ballistic range and speed of the missiles, in the TsVM of the TsSSR. ATS fulfills the issued coordinates and captures the SAM of a wide bottom and accompanies it. Information about the angular coordinates of the missile launcher relative to the line of sight of the ATS, the position of the line of sight of the main antenna and the distance of the missile launcher is received in the digital center of the BM. The BMC CVC generates control commands so that the SAM is output to the narrow beam of the ATS, and then to the bottom of the main antenna. A signal about the presence of SAM in the bottom of the main antenna of the mm range from the digital computer center is issued to the digital computer center. According to this signal, the input of the intermediate frequency receiver is disconnected from the output of the microwave receiver AVR 17 and connected to the outputs of the microwave receivers 10, 11 of the main antenna, while the current coordinates of the target and the angular mismatch signals of the missile defense relative to the line of sight of the target are received from the digital center of the center. Based on these signals, the CVC BM together with the synchronizer SSCR generates control commands so that the missiles are on the line of sight of the target until it is hit.

 When aiming missiles, the mm channel is the priority channel for measuring the angular coordinates of the target, which is due to smaller errors compared to the cm channel. The target tracking errors in the mm range are 6–8 times smaller compared to the cm range due to the narrower DND. The root-mean-square errors of measuring the angular coordinates of the target and SAM at angles of elevation of the target is less than 22 mrad. and more than 7 mrad. are 0.2-0.4 mrad. in the mm range and 1.3-3.5 mrad. in cm range.

 Thus, the introduction of a target tracking radar channel in the BM and entering the mm range of SAMs increases the accuracy of determining the coordinates of the target and missiles, and, consequently, combat efficiency, allows tracking low-flying targets and increases the stability of the target tracking radar to active interference due to channel switching.

 The technical documentation has been developed for the present invention, experimental samples of nodes and blocks of a dual-band target tracking station and the introduction of SAMs have been made. Laboratory bench tests of systems were carried out. The results are positive.

 This invention will be used in anti-aircraft cannon-missile systems developed by the Instrument Design Bureau.

Sources of information
1. Jane's Land-Based Air Defense, 1997-98, pp 57-59, 116-120 - analogue.

 2. The journal "Technology and weapons" 5, 1996, pp. 7-11 - analogue.

 3. The journal "Technology and armament", May-June 1999, pp. 64-70 - analogue.

 4. Patent 2156943 from 09/27/2000, Russia - a prototype.

Claims (2)

 1. Anti-aircraft gun-missile combat vehicle (BM) containing a turret installation (BU) with cannon and rocket armament with optical and radar transponders of the millimeter (mm) wavelength range mounted on an anti-aircraft guided missile (SAM), a radar (radar) detection targets, radar tracking targets of the centimeter wavelength range (cm) with an antenna column (AK) and guidance and stabilization drives with a common main antenna (OA), a receiver, a master oscillator and a transmitter, the output of which is via superfrequency (microwave) t the rct is connected to the cm-elements of the OA irradiator, and the input is to the first output of the master oscillator, the second output of which is connected to the second input of the main antenna receiver, optical-electronic equipment for sighting SAM and digital computer system (CVS) BM, characterized in that it A radar channel for tracking targets and entering missiles of the mm range was introduced, consisting of a dual-band (cm and mm) OA irradiator, an input antenna for SAM (ATS), a master oscillator, a transmitter, microwave receivers OA and ATS, an intermediate frequency (IF) receiver, a block etc double signal processing, a synchronizer and a digital computer, while the output of the transmitter through the microwave path is connected to the mm elements of the dual-band illuminator OA, and the input to the first output of the master oscillator, the second output of which is connected to the second input of the microwave receiver of the main antenna, and the first input - with the third output of the cm-range generator, the fourth output of which is connected to the second input of the intermediate frequency receiver, and the input - with the output of the synchronizer, the second output of which is connected to the ATS, the third output - to an ode of the microwave path, the fourth output is to the third input of the intermediate frequency receiver, and the OA and ATS outputs are connected through the microwave paths to the first inputs of the OA microwave receiver and to the input of the ATS receiver, the outputs of which and the outputs of the cm-band microwave receiver are connected with the first inputs of the intermediate frequency receiver, the IF outputs are connected to the first inputs of the signal preprocessing unit (BPOS), the output of which is connected via a digital parallel interface to the input of a digital computer, which is a digital parallel bus ysa connected to CMC and BM-alignment of the synchronizer, the digital output of which is parallel bus interface connected to the second input BPOS, and digital serial bus interface - to a digital computer and a digital computer system of a combat vehicle.  2. The combat vehicle according to claim 1, characterized in that the synchronizer is made in the form of two blocks: one of which, together with the master oscillators, transmitters, microwave receivers (cm and mm), wave ranges, an intermediate frequency receiver and an ATS is placed in the antenna column and the other, in conjunction with BOS and the digital computer, in a tower installation.

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