RU2191631C1 - Method of disintegration and concentration of hard materials and device for method embodiment - Google Patents

Abstract

FIELD: treatment of hard materials. SUBSTANCE: method of disintegration and concentration of hard materials consists in that treated material is preliminarily studied to determine its consumption, structure and properties which are analyzed and selected on base of performed analysis are combination and optimal parameters of physical actions for selective disintegration and concentration of treated material with separation of fractions of desired product with preset properties and size class, and with minimal consumption of power. Treated material is supplied to treatment zone and selected combination of physical actions is applied simultaneously to disintegrate treated material by boundaries of grains or crystals of desired product with preservation of their integrity and obtaining of fractions of desired product with preset class of size which is subsequently withdrawn from treatment zone. Device for method embodiment has a body, means for supply of treated material, a set of means for simultaneous execution of combination of physical actions onto treated material. Said set of means is electrically connected with synchronization and control unit, at least one means of treated material separation by size classes, means for withdrawal of produced fraction of desired product, and means for determination of composition, structure and properties of treated material. EFFECT: selective disintegration of treated material and separation of monomineral fractions or crystals of preset class of size with preset properties and minimal power consumption. 34 cl, 7 dwg, 5 ex

Description

 The present invention relates to the field of processing of solid materials, and more particularly to a method for the disintegration and enrichment of solid materials and a device for its implementation.

 The present invention may find application, for example, in the mining industry for the extraction of precious stones: diamond, emerald, ruby, garnet and others, for the beneficiation of magnetite, chromite, gold and platinum ores and ores of other valuable non-ferrous metals, for the production of mineral fertilizers and insulation materials for the electronic industry, in the building materials industry for crushing various natural and artificial materials, in particular concrete and products from them.

 One of the most important problems of disintegration and the effective extraction of valuable components is the improvement of methods and devices that can affect both the processed material and the conditions of disintegration and exposure parameters. Improving the known methods of disintegration and enrichment along with constructive innovations can improve the quality of the finished product and reduce energy consumption while reducing processing time.

 It is known that valuable components, such as non-ferrous, ferrous and noble metals and precious stones, are contained in rocks and ores in the form of scattered grains and crystals, and therefore the selectivity of destruction of mineral aggregates, rocks and ores is especially important in the process of disintegration to ensure maximum extraction and preservation of grains (crystals) of a valuable component with minimal over-grinding of valuable components of precious stones and rocks containing them.

 A known method and device for the destruction of solid materials, for example, minerals with semiconductor properties (US, A, 4540127, NKI 241/1). According to the known method, the material to be processed is placed between two rod electrodes in a container filled with water or another liquid medium, between which an electric discharge is created, ionizing and destroying the mineral. Discharge electrodes are installed in such a way that an electric discharge occurs in the material, which ensures its disintegration and the separation of valuable components, in particular diamonds from kimberlite rock.

 The known method implemented in the known device has limited capabilities in terms of performance and conductivity characteristics of the source material and is suitable for use in small laboratory installations.

 There is also a method of destruction of solid dielectrics and semiconductor materials (RU, 2149687, C1, IPC В 02 С 19/18), adopted as a prototype, according to which physical impact on the processed material is carried out by application to mechanical means of destruction and materials processed in their working volumes alternating frequency-modulated electric potential.

 The known method is implemented with the mandatory use of crushing equipment, for example a cone crusher or ball drum mill, in which all components of the processed material are crushed. Due to the application of alternating frequency-modulated electric potential to mechanical means, an increase in productivity at a given degree of dispersion or an increase in the degree of dispersion at a given performance is provided.

 However, the known method does not allow selective disintegration, that is, to destroy the processed material along the grain boundaries of different fractions while maintaining the integrity of grains and crystals and to isolate valuable components of a given size class, which is especially important for extracting precious stones, precious metals and other valuable components from the rock.

 In addition, in the process of implementing the known method, it is not possible to correct the parameters of the physical impact depending on the properties of the intermediate product, which does not allow to affect the quality of the target product.

 A known installation for the disintegration of materials (WO 99/03588, IPC B 02 C 19/18), comprising a housing of a special shape, filled with liquid and divided into two chambers by an inclined sieve with cells, the size of which decreases along the height of the housing. The upper chamber has an inclined wall on which a group of high-voltage electrodes is fixed, while the sieve itself serves as a low-voltage electrode. Mineral raw materials are continuously loaded into the upper chamber, which, falling into the zone between the electrodes, undergoes destruction upon application of a high potential, which results in an electric discharge between the electrodes.

 The setup described above allows dispersing materials according to different particle sizes from larger to smaller during the process, however, dispersed particles of different particle sizes accumulate in the same hopper, which requires additional separation.

 Thus, in the case of dispersion of materials containing valuable components, such as precious stones or noble, non-ferrous and ferrous metals, a second stage is required - the extraction of these valuable components directly, which complicates the process and requires the use of additional processing equipment.

 A device for crushing non-conductive materials (WO 96/26010, IPC B 02 C 19/18), adopted as a prototype, containing the first and second disintegration chambers filled with liquid, each of which has a means of supplying the processed material, a means of physical impact on the processed material made in the form of high-voltage and low-voltage electrodes, and means for dividing the processed material into size classes, made in the form of a sieve, simultaneously serving as a low-voltage electrode. The disintegration chambers are interconnected by means of transporting the intermediate product, and the second chamber has a means of removing the obtained fractions of the target product.

 The design of the known device provides for the implementation of disintegration in two stages, at each of which the electrode system creates an electric discharge that propagates in the liquid and destroys the processed material. However, the disintegration of the processed material at each stage is carried out under the influence of the same physical effect, which does not allow selective disintegration of the material.

 Obtained in the first stage, the intermediate is piped to the second stage, where the specified physical effect is repeated. This increases the energy consumption for obtaining the target product, as well as the cost of the device itself.

 In addition, in the known device it is not possible to control the properties of the intermediate product, which could be very useful in providing the desired properties of the target product by adjusting the parameters of the physical effect at each stage of the process.

 The product obtained at the second stage of disintegration requires additional fractionation using additional equipment, which also increases energy consumption and complicates the process installation.

 The basis of the invention is the task of developing a method for the disintegration and enrichment of solid materials and a device for its implementation, in which through the use of such physical effects on the processed material and conducting such studies before and during the implementation of the method, as well as through the use of appropriate devices, the possibility of selective disintegration of the processed material and the allocation of monomineral fractions or crystals of a given size class with specified physicists o-chemical properties with minimal energy consumption.

 The problem is solved in that in the method of disintegration and enrichment of solid materials, including the supply of the processed material to the processing zone, processing by physical impact on the processed material to obtain the target product, removal of the target product from the processing zone, according to the invention, before carrying out the specified physical impact the processed material and determine its composition, structure and properties, which are analyzed and selected according to the analysis results nation and parameters of physical effects that are optimal for selective disintegration and enrichment of the processed material with the allocation of fractions of the target product with desired properties and a given size class with minimal energy consumption, while the selected combination of physical effects is used as the physical effect on the processed material, which simultaneously to the destruction of the processed material along the boundaries of grains or crystals of the target product while maintaining their integrity aw and obtaining fractions of the target product of a given size class.

 The proposed method through the use of complex physical effects provides an increase in the efficiency of extraction of valuable components from the processed material while maintaining the integrity of their grains, such as precious stones, precious, non-ferrous and ferrous metals. A thorough preliminary study of the composition, structure and properties of the processed material allows you to choose the most suitable combination of physical effects.

 For the operational management of the dispersion process, it is useful in the process of implementing the specified combination of physical effects to analyze the intermediate product and adjust the parameters of at least one physical effect from the specified combination of physical effects.

 The proposed method allows you to place the treatment area in a liquid medium, a gaseous medium, or in a combination of a liquid and a gaseous medium, which makes it suitable for dispersion of various solid materials using the most effective physical effects, combined to provide the best processing results.

 It is advisable to choose a combination of physical effects from the group of physical effects, including: exposure to a magnetic field, exposure to an electric field, exposure to an electromagnetic field, mechanical impact, thermal exposure, exposure to acoustic vibrations.

 The choice of a specific combination of physical influences is determined by physical and chemical properties, the crystal structure of the processed material, for example, such as mineral and morphological composition, hardness, electrical conductivity, resonance properties and others.

 It is advisable to use a magnetic field as a magnetic field created in the treatment zone by solenoids, which are placed around this zone, and / or by a system of conductors through which a pulse current is passed and which are placed inside the treatment zone. It is advisable to use such an effect when processing a material containing ferro- or ferrimagnetic components, for example Fe, Co, Ni, Mn, magnetite, pyrrhotite and the like.

 It is favorable to use an electric field as an electric field created in the processing zone by a system of conductors to which a pulse voltage is applied, and as an electromagnetic field, use a high-frequency electromagnetic field created in a processing zone by a system of conductors through which alternating and / or pulse current is passed . It is useful to use at least one action selected from the group as a mechanical action: shock waves, tensile-compression forces, vibration, or shear forces, and when placing the treatment zone in a liquid medium, it is useful to use a pulsed change in the pressure of the liquid medium as a mechanical effect.

 It is possible to use heating of the medium surrounding the material to be treated, or heating of the material to be treated with an alternating electromagnetic field, and ultrasonic waves propagating in the treatment zone through the material to be treated as acoustic waves.

 To enhance the effect of intercrystalline bond breaking, at least one of the physical effects from the specified group of actions included in the combination is expediently carried out in a constant, variable, or pulsed mode, and each pulse action included in the combination is performed in repeated packets, while the packet repetition rate pulse effects are selected in the range from 0.1 to 200 Hz.

 Moreover, each packet of pulsed action is advantageously carried out by alternately using the force and / or field application vectors opposite in direction.

 For a more complete extraction of valuable components from the processed material, it is advisable to carry out the treatment in at least two stages, the first of which uses a combination of physical effects, identical or different with the combination of effects used in the second stage.

 To ensure the continuity of the technological cycle during the implementation of each stage, it is desirable to carry out continuous removal of the target products of a given size class from the treatment zone and at the same time to form at least two streams that differ in given size classes, hardness and density characteristics of the obtained grains or crystals of the target products, or a combination specified characteristics. The separation of the finished product directly during the implementation of the method allows to reduce the cost of its transportation.

 It is advisable to carry out the treatment in at least two stages, it is possible at the first stage to place the treatment zone in a gaseous medium in which the material to be treated is subjected to preliminary softening, then the treatment zone is transferred to a liquid medium and the second processing stage is carried out using the selected combination of physical effects, or at the first stage, the treatment zone can be placed in a liquid medium in which the processed material is subjected to preliminary softening, then the treatment zone move the unit in a gaseous medium and a second processing step is carried out using a selected combination of physical impacts.

 Using the proposed method makes it possible to selectively disintegrate the processed material and isolate monomineral fractions or crystals of a given size class with specified physicochemical properties with minimal energy consumption.

 The problem is also solved by creating a method of disintegration and enrichment of solid materials, including the supply of the processed material to the treatment zone, the implementation of the treatment by physical impact on the processed material to obtain the target product, removal of the target product from the treatment zone, while according to the invention, before carrying out the specified physical impact processed material and determine its composition, structure and properties, which analyze and according to the results of analysis in take a combination and parameters of physical effects that are optimal for selective disintegration and enrichment of the processed material with the selection of fractions of the target product with desired properties and a given size class with minimal energy consumption, while the selected combination of physical effects is used as the physical effect on the processed material, which in at least two stages, in the first of which the treatment zone is placed in a gaseous medium in which we process the first material is subjected to preliminary softening by simultaneously applying a combination of physical effects to the material, including exposure to an alternating magnetic field and electric and magnetic pulsed fields, and at the second stage the treatment zone is placed in a liquid medium and the treatment is carried out in two stages, each of which uses the same combination physical effects, including mechanical impact and exposure to electric and magnetic pulsed fields by creating a high voltage zryada, wherein the first step is carried out by separation of the desired products specify the size classes into at least two streams, the first of which is passed to a second treatment stage, and the second stream is continuously withdrawn from the treatment zone.

 When using concrete waste as a processed material with a particle size of less than 200 mm, they are examined with the determination of the strength of cement adhesions and bonds, the strength and hardness of the gravel contained in the processed material and its fractional composition, the size class of the target product is set, ranging from 5 to 20 mm in this case, at the first stage of the second stage of processing, the voltage amplitude of the pulses of the high voltage discharge is selected from 130 to 180 kV, and the pulse energy is from 5 to 8 kJ, at the second stage of the second stage of the amp the voltage of the pulses of the high voltage discharge is selected from 40 to 80 kV, and the pulse energy is from 0.3 to 1 kJ, and the mechanical action at both stages is carried out by oscillating with a frequency of 2 to 5 Hz and an amplitude of up to 20 mm, while the first processing stage, the products are divided into particle sizes into two streams, the first of which, containing the product with a particle size of 1 to 20 mm, is sent to the second processing stage, and the second stream containing the product with a particle size of less than 1 mm is continuously removed from the processing zone, than in the second stage separation processing is carried out on product size classes into two streams, the first of which contains the desired product size from 5 to 20 mm, and a second stream comprising product particle size less than 5 mm, each of which is withdrawn from the treatment zone.

 When using a rock containing colored gemstones with a particle size of less than 300 mm as a processed material, it is examined with the determination of particle size distribution, mineralogical and chemical compositions, crystalline structure and physical properties, the size class of the target product is set, ranging from 3 to 20 mm in this case, in the first stage of the second stage, the voltage amplitude of the pulses of the high voltage discharge is selected from 100 to 220 kV, and the pulse energy is from 1 to 8 kJ, in the second stage the amplitude of the impulse voltage Lox select from 40 to 80 kV, and the pulse energy from 0.1 to 0.5 kJ, and the mechanical action at both stages is carried out by oscillations with a frequency of 2 to 5 Hz and an amplitude of up to 20 mm, while in the first stage treatments carry out the separation of products according to size classes into two streams, the first of which, containing a product with a particle size of 1 to 20 mm, is sent to the second stage of processing, and the second stream containing a product with a particle size of less than 1 mm is continuously withdrawn from the treatment zone, and to the second processing stages carry out p separation of products according to size classes into two streams, the first of which contains the target product with a particle size of 3 to 20 mm, and the second stream containing the product with a particle size of less than 3 mm, each of which is removed from the treatment zone.

 When using a rock containing diamonds with a particle size of less than 500 mm as a processed material, it is examined with the determination of particle size distribution, mineralogical and chemical compositions, crystal structure and physical properties, the size class of the target product is set, ranging from 0.5 to 50 mm in this case, in the first stage of the second stage, the voltage amplitude of the pulses of the high voltage discharge is selected from 140 to 220 kV, and the pulse energy is from 3 to 10 kJ, in the second stage, the amplitude of the pulse voltage is selected from 50 to 120 kV, and the pulse energy is from 0.3 to 1.2 kJ, and the mechanical action at both stages is carried out by oscillating with a frequency of 2 to 5 Hz and an amplitude of up to 20 mm, while the separation is carried out at the first processing stage products by size classes into two streams, the first of which containing a product with a particle size of 0.1 to 50 mm is sent to the second stage of processing, and the second stream containing a product of a particle size of less than 0.1 mm is continuously removed from the treatment zone, and the second processing stage carry out the separation of products such as are for classes of particle size into two streams, the first of which contains the desired product size from 0.5 to 50 mm, and a second stream comprising the product of size less than 0.5 mm, each of which is withdrawn from the treatment zone.

 When using iron magnetite ore with a particle size of less than 300 mm as a processed material, it is examined with the determination of particle size distribution, mineralogical and chemical compositions, crystalline structure and physical properties, particle size classes of the target product are set, ranging from 10 to 60 mm and up to 0 , 5 mm, while in the first stage of the second stage, the voltage amplitude of the pulses of the high voltage discharge is selected from 150 to 200 kV, and the pulse energy is from 2 to 8 kJ, in the second stage, the amplitude of the pulse voltage in from 40 to 100 kV are selected, and the pulse energy is from 0.3 to 0.8 kJ, and the mechanical action at both stages is carried out by oscillations with a frequency of 2 to 5 Hz and an amplitude of up to 20 mm, while in the first stage of processing carry out the separation of products according to size classes into two streams, the first of which, containing a product with a particle size of from 0.5 to 60 mm, is sent to the second stage of processing, and the second stream containing a product with a particle size of less than 0.5 mm is continuously removed from the treatment zone, moreover, in the second stage of processing is carried out dividing the products according to size classes into two streams, the first of which contains the target product with a particle size of 10 to 60 mm, and the second stream containing the product with a particle size of less than 10 mm, each of which is removed from the treatment zone, while these flows are removed from the treatment zone carry out their magnetic separation by applying a magnetic field with a strength of from 8 to 400 A / m and form additional flows of magnetic concentrate.

 When using chromite ore with a particle size of less than 200 mm as the processed material, it is examined with the determination of particle size distribution, mineralogical and chemical compositions, crystal structure and physical properties, the size class of the target product is set, ranging from 5 to 20 mm, with the first at the stage of the second stage of processing, the voltage amplitude of the pulses of the high voltage discharge is selected from 130 to 180 kV, and the pulse energy is from 5 to 8 kJ, at the second stage of the second stage, the amplitude of the pulse voltage a high-voltage discharge is selected from 40 to 80 kV, and the pulse energy is from 0.3 to 1 kJ, and the mechanical action at both stages is carried out by oscillating with a frequency of 2 to 5 Hz and an amplitude of up to 20 mm, while in the first stage of processing carry out the separation of products according to size classes into two streams, the first of which, containing a product with a particle size of 1 to 20 mm, is sent to the second stage of processing, and the second stream containing a product of a particle size of less than 1 mm is continuously removed from the treatment zone, and in the second stage machining the webs carry out the separation of products according to size classes into two streams, the first of which contains the target product with a particle size of 5 to 20 mm, and the second stream containing the product with a particle size of less than 5 mm, each of which is removed from the treatment zone, while these flows are removed from processing zones carry out their gravitational separation and form additional flows of chromite concentrate.

 When using gold-containing low-sulfide quartz ore with a particle size of less than 200 mm as a processed material, it is examined with the determination of granulometric, mineralogical and chemical compositions, crystalline structure and physical properties, the size class of the target product is set, ranging from 30 to 50 mm, from 10 to 30 mm, from 1 to 10 mm and up to 1 mm, while in the first stage of the second processing stage, the voltage amplitude of the pulses of the high voltage discharge is selected from 130 to 180 kV, and the energy of the pulses ow - from 5 to 8 kJ, in the second stage of the second stage, the voltage amplitude of the pulses of the high voltage discharge is selected from 40 to 80 kV, and the pulse energy is from 0.3 to 1 kJ, and mechanical action at both stages is carried out by oscillating with a frequency of 2 to 5 Hz and an amplitude of up to 20 mm, while in the first stage of processing the products are divided into particle sizes into two streams, the first of which, containing the product with a particle size of 1 to 50 mm, is sent to the second stage of processing, and the second stream containing fineness product less than 1 mm, continuously withdrawn from the treatment zone, and at the second stage of processing, products are divided into particle sizes into four streams, the first of which contains the target product with a particle size of up to 1 mm, the second from 1 to 10 mm, the third from 10 to 30 mm and the fourth - from 30 to 50 mm, each of which is removed from the processing zone.

 The problem is also solved by the creation of a device for the disintegration and enrichment of solid materials, comprising a housing, means for supplying the processed material, means for physically affecting the processed material, at least one means for dividing the processed material into particle sizes and means for removing the obtained fractions of the target product, while The invention, the device contains a set of tools for simultaneously implementing a combination of physical effects on the processed material Block sync physical influences, connected electrically with said set of means for the simultaneous combination of physical impact, and means for determining the composition, structure and properties of the processed material.

 The proposed device due to the presence in it of a set of tools for the simultaneous implementation of a combination of physical influences provides an increase in the efficiency of extraction of valuable components from processed materials while maintaining the integrity of grains and crystals, for example precious stones, precious, non-ferrous and ferrous metals. A thorough preliminary study of the composition, structure and properties of the processed material allows you to choose a combination and parameters of physical effects that allow selective disintegration without violating the integrity of grains and crystals of a valuable component.

 For the operational management of the processing process, it is advisable that the device contains means for analyzing the properties of the intermediate product associated with a set of means for simultaneously implementing a combination of physical effects, and a control unit for physical effects electrically connected with a set of means for simultaneously performing a combination of physical effects.

 To reduce energy costs, it is useful that the device had a means for separating the obtained fractions of the target product according to the specified particle size classes and a means for returning fractions having a particle size larger than the specified one to the second processing stage.

 It is structurally advantageous that a liquid medium or gaseous medium or a combination of liquid and gaseous media is placed in the housing, while the material to be processed is immersed in the specified medium, and the set of means for simultaneously performing a combination of physical effects on the material to be processed is in contact with the specified media or isolated from contact with the specified medium.

 In one of the specific embodiments of the proposed device, it is possible that at least two disintegration chambers are formed in the housing, the first of which contains means for preliminary softening of the processed material and the first set of tools for simultaneously performing the first combination of physical effects on the processed material, and in the second the camera is placed a second set of tools for the simultaneous implementation of the second combination of physical effects on the processed material, with It is connected to the chamber means for moving treated material from one chamber to another.

 It is advisable that the first and second sets of means for simultaneously performing a combination of physical influences on the material to be processed are performed similarly and each of these means consists of two high-voltage electrodes connected to a power source through a pulse voltage and current generator, and a high-voltage rectifier transformer, and a grounded one an electrode made in the form of inclined stepped sections having separating holes of different sizes and mechanically connected with a vibrator, with this device should have a means of preliminary softening of the processed material, which is a solenoid, covering the middle part of the high-voltage electrodes and equipped with a solenoid power generator connected to the control and synchronization unit.

 To expand the spectrum of the obtained target product, it is advisable that the device had a means of magnetic separation or means of gravitational separation of the obtained fractions of the target product.

The invention is further explained in the description of specific options for its implementation and the accompanying drawings, in which:
FIG. 1 shows a device for the disintegration and enrichment of solid materials according to the invention;
figure 2 is a schematic diagram illustrating a method of disintegration and enrichment of solid materials;
figure 3 is a histogram of the distribution of spinel magnesia skarn;
4 is a histogram of the distribution of diamonds in a kimberlite pipe;
FIG. 5 is a histogram of the distribution of magnetite in calcite-magnetite ores;
6 is a histogram of the distribution of chromite grains in disseminated (nodular) ores;
Fig.7 is a histogram of the distribution of gold in low-sulfide quartz veins.

 The proposed method for the disintegration and enrichment of solid materials is that they pre-examine the material to be processed and determine its composition, structure and properties, which analyze and select the combination and parameters of physical effects that are optimal for the selective disintegration and enrichment of the processed material with the selection of fractions the target product with desired properties and a given particle size class with minimal energy consumption.

 As a processed material, in particular, ores containing inclusions of precious stones and precious metals, for example kimberlite or lamproite rock, magnesian skarn with noble spinel, gold-bearing and platinum-bearing ores of the black shale formation, emerald-containing ores (pegmatite, greensen) can be used Ruby-containing or sapphire-containing ores and others, as well as various wastes, such as concrete wastes.

 Depending on the type of material being processed, those of the above properties are determined that are most objective for choosing a combination of physical effects that allows achieving the most effective results, for example, for concrete waste - the strength of cement adhesions, crushed stone hardness and its fractional composition.

 After that, the processed material is fed into the treatment zone and a combination of physical effects is carried out, which is selected from the group including exposure to a magnetic field, exposure to an electric field, exposure to an electromagnetic field, mechanical exposure, thermal exposure, exposure to acoustic vibrations.

 The selected combination of physical effects is applied to the processed material until it breaks along the grain boundaries (crystals) while maintaining their integrity and obtaining fractions of a given size class, the intermediate product is analyzed and, if necessary, the parameters of at least one physical effect are adjusted.

 As an effect of the magnetic field, a magnetic field is used, created in the treatment zone by solenoids, which are placed around this zone, and / or by a system of conductors through which the pulse current is passed and which are placed inside the treatment zone.

 In this case, it is advisable to effect the magnetic field when processing materials containing ferro- or ferrimagnetic components, for example Fe, Co, Ni, Mn, magnetite, pyrrhotite and druten.

 An electric field is used as an electric field, which is created in the processing zone by a system of conductors to which a pulse voltage is applied, and as an electromagnetic field, a high-frequency electromagnetic field is used, which is created in the processing zone by a system of conductors through which an alternating and / or pulse current.

 At least one action that is selected from the group is used as a mechanical action: shock waves, tensile-compression forces, vibration, or shear forces, and when a treatment zone is placed in a liquid medium, a pulsed change in the pressure of the liquid medium is used as a mechanical effect.

 As a thermal effect, it is possible to use heating of the medium surrounding the material to be processed, or heating of the processed material with an alternating electromagnetic field, and ultrasonic waves propagating in the treatment zone through the processed material as acoustic waves.

 To enhance the effect of intercrystalline bond breaking, at least one of the physical effects from the specified group of actions included in the combination is expediently carried out in a constant, variable, or pulsed mode, and each pulse action included in the combination is performed in repeated packets, while the packet repetition rate pulse effects are selected in the range from 0.1 to 200 Hz. In this case, each packet of pulsed action is carried out by alternately using the force and / or field application vectors opposite in direction.

 For a more complete extraction of valuable components from the processed material, it is advisable to carry out the processing in at least two stages. In the first stage, a combination of physical effects is used, identical or different with the combination of effects that is used in the second stage of processing.

 To ensure the continuity of the technological cycle during the implementation of each stage, it is advisable to continuously remove the target products of a given size class from the treatment zone. At each stage of processing, at least two streams are formed, which differ in the given size classes, hardness and density characteristics of the obtained grains or crystals of the target products, or a combination of these characteristics.

 The separation of the finished product directly during the implementation of the method allows to reduce the cost of its transportation and, as a result, the total energy consumption.

 Depending on the type of material being processed, disintegration and enrichment can be carried out in at least two stages.

 In one case, at the first stage, the treatment zone is placed in a gaseous medium in which the material to be treated is subjected to preliminary softening, then the treatment zone is moved to a liquid medium and the second processing stage is performed using the selected combination of physical effects.

 In another case, at the first stage, the treatment zone is placed in a liquid medium in which the material to be treated is subjected to preliminary softening, then the treatment zone is transferred to a gaseous medium and the second processing stage is performed using the selected combination of physical effects.

 Let us consider a specific variant of the proposed method for the disintegration and enrichment of solid materials, in which the material to be treated is examined before physical action is carried out and its composition, structure and properties are determined, which are analyzed and the results of the analysis select a combination and parameters of physical effects that are optimal for selective disintegration and enrichment of the processed material with the selection of fractions of the target product with desired properties and a given size class with minimal energy expenditure.

 As a physical effect, a selected combination of physical effects is used, which are carried out in at least two stages.

 At the first stage, the treatment zone is placed in a gaseous medium in which the material to be treated is subjected to preliminary softening by simultaneously applying a combination of physical effects to the material, including exposure to an alternating magnetic field and electric and magnetic pulsed fields.

 At the second stage, the treatment zone is placed in a liquid medium and the treatment is carried out in two stages, each of which uses the same combination of physical effects.

 The combination of these effects includes mechanical impact and exposure to electric and magnetic pulsed fields formed by creating a high voltage discharge.

 In the first stage of the second processing stage, the target products are divided into predetermined size classes into at least two streams, the first of which is sent to the second processing stage, and the second stream is continuously withdrawn from the processing zone.

 For a better understanding of the invention, a specific embodiment of the proposed method described above using the patented device using the example of the use of concrete waste without reinforcement as a processed material is given below. At the same time, the parameters of physical effects that are most optimal for a given type of processed material are given and allow one to obtain a target product of a given size class with minimal energy consumption.

 The patented device for dispersing and enriching solid materials contains a housing 1 (Fig. 1) having a loading nozzle 2, in which a classifier with cell sizes A is installed (hereinafter referred to as classifier A), a means of supplying the processed material, which is a loading conveyor in the described embodiment 3 and a set of tools for the simultaneous implementation of a combination of physical effects.

 The housing 1 is divided by a vertical partition, forming, together with the walls and the bottom, the first and second disintegration chambers 4,5, in which the pair of high-voltage (BB) electrodes 6,7 are fixed, respectively. Under the BB electrodes 6.7, grounded electrodes are installed in pairs, which serve as classifiers with cell sizes respectively B, C, D (hereinafter classifiers B, C, D). The cell size of classifier A is selected based on the sizes of the largest pieces of the processed material, which can be dispersed in the device. The cell size of the classifiers B, C, D is selected in accordance with the specified size class of the intermediate and target product.

 In the housing 1 there is a means of removing the obtained fractions of the finished product, made in the form of three outlet pipes 8,9,10 located one above the other along the height of the housing 1.

 The classifiers B, C, D are mounted on the housing 1 with the possibility of relative oscillations created by the means of mechanical action - vibrodrive 11, which is kinematically connected with the specified classifiers B, C, D.

 Inside the first disintegration chamber 4, a solenoid 12 is installed in its upper part, which encloses the BB electrodes 6, which are equipped with protective potential-free casings 13 that prevent the electrodes 6 from being destroyed by the material being processed.

 The BB electrodes 6.7 are connected to the respective generators 14.15 of the pulse voltage and current, connected in pairs to the high voltage transformer rectifiers 16.17, and the solenoid 12 is connected to the generator 18 of the power supply of the solenoid.

 In the described embodiment, a set of means for simultaneously performing a combination of physical effects on the material being processed is formed by a set of explosive electrodes 6.7 and grounded electrodes (classifiers B, C, D) that create electric and magnetic pulsed fields, a solenoid 12 connected to a generator 18 and creating alternating magnetic field, and the classifiers B, C, D associated with the vibrator 11, which creates mechanical vibrations.

 The device also contains a block 19 synchronization of physical effects, electrically connected with a set of tools for the simultaneous implementation of a combination of physical effects and connected in the described embodiment to the generators 14,15,18.

 In addition, the patented device comprises a physical impact control unit 20 connected to the generators 14.15, and means for determining the composition, structure and properties of the processed material. In the described embodiment, the specified tool is an analyzer 21 of the properties of the processed material connected to the physical control unit 20, which in this embodiment of the device is combined with the analyzer of the properties of the intermediate product.

 The connection of the generators 14,15,18 to the electrodes 6,7 and the solenoid 12 is carried out through a common electrical input 22.

 In the upper part of the housing 1 there is a gaseous medium, in particular air, and in the lower part - a liquid medium - a process liquid, in particular water (the boundary of the medium in the drawing is conventionally shown by a dashed line).

 Part of the funds from the specified set of tools for the simultaneous implementation of a combination of physical effects on the processed material - BB electrodes 6.7, grounded electrodes (classifiers B, C, D) and solenoid 12 is in contact with gaseous and liquid media, and the other part is generators 14.15 , 18 and the vibrator 11 is isolated from contact with these media.

 In the described embodiment, two disintegration chambers 4,5 are formed in the housing 1, the first of which contains means for preliminary softening of the processed material and the first set of means for simultaneously performing the first combination of physical effects on the processed material - solenoid 12, BB electrodes 6 and classifiers B , D, serving simultaneously grounded electrodes and a means of mechanical action. In the second chamber 5 there is a second set of tools for simultaneously performing the second combination of physical effects on the material being processed — BB electrodes 7 and classifiers C, D, which simultaneously serve as grounded electrodes and a means of mechanical action.

 Chambers 4,5 are connected by means of moving the processed material from one chamber to another, which serves as part of the obliquely mounted classifier D.

 At the device output, depending on the composition of the processed material, a magnetic separation means 23 or gravity separation means (not shown) can be installed.

 The proposed method and device is not limited to the above specific example of carrying out the invention. Depending on the material being processed, the set of means for simultaneously performing a combination of physical effects may include any other devices suitable for combining selected physical effects that allow selective disintegration of the processed material and the isolation of monomineral fractions or crystals of a given size class with specified physicochemical properties with minimal energy costs.

 Patented device for disintegration and enrichment works as follows and is illustrated by the circuit shown in figure 2.

 Consider the operation of the device, in which waste material of concrete production with a particle size of less than 200 mm, not containing reinforcement, is used as the processed material.

 Previously, the analyzer 21 examines concrete production wastes and determines the strength of cement adhesions and bonds, the strength and hardness of the crushed stone contained in the processed material and its fractional composition, specify the fineness class of the target product, lying in the range from 5 to 20 mm. These data enter the block 19 control and synchronization of physical effects.

 Then, at the command of the block 19 for synchronizing physical effects on the BB electrodes 6.7 from the BB transformers-rectifiers 16.17, pulse voltage and current are supplied through the generators 14.15 of the pulse voltage and current, and an alternating voltage is supplied to the solenoid 12 through the generator 18. In this case, the power phase of the solenoid 12 is synchronized with the discharge of the explosive electrodes 6.

 At the same time, pieces of concrete by means of a conveyor 3 are fed to classifier A with mesh size A, where Lo> A particles are screened out, and particles with a particle size L1 fall into the processing zone.

 The processing of concrete waste is carried out in the described embodiment in two stages. At the first stage, the treatment zone is located in the first disintegration chamber 4 in the air in the zone of the location of the solenoid 12 and BB electrodes 6, by which, by the signal of the synchronization unit 19, the first combination K 0-1 of physical effects is created - an alternating magnetic field created by the solenoid 12, and electric and magnetic pulsed fields affecting the processed material. The parameters and type of exposure are selected in advance based on an analysis of the physicochemical properties of concrete mentioned above.

 In the described example, the amplitude of the voltage of the explosive pulses generated by the explosive electrodes 6 is 130-180 kV, the pulse repetition rate is 3-5 Hz, the delay in starting the explosive electrodes 6 in relation to each other is from 1 to 10 μs.

As a result of exposure to K _0-1 , softening of the starting material occurs, leading to a weakening of bonds.

The second stage of the method is carried out in two stages in a liquid medium, using a combination of effects K _1-1 , K _1-2 , for example, electric and magnetic pulsed fields in combination with mechanical action - vibration of the classifiers B, C, D through a vibration drive 11 synchronized with the work of other means of influence on the processed material.

 In the described example, the first stage of the second processing stage is carried out in the chamber 4 in a liquid medium due to magnetic and electric fields arising from the interelectrode discharge between the BB electrodes 6 and the classifier B, and mechanical impact due to the vibration of the classifiers B and D. The pulse energy is from 5 up to 8 kJ, the interelectrode gap between the BB electrodes 6 and the classifier B is from 120 to 150 mm, the cell size of the classifier B is 20 mm, the classifier D is 1 mm.

 The second stage of the second processing stage is carried out in a disintegration chamber 5 in a liquid medium, while the voltage amplitude of the pulses of the explosive discharge created by the explosive electrodes 7 is set from 40 to 80 kV, the pulse energy is from 0.3 to 1 kJ, and the pulse repetition rate is from 2 to 4 Hz, the delay in starting the electrodes is from 0.3 to 5 μs, the interelectrode gap between the explosive electrodes 7 and the classifier C is from 30 to 60 mm, and the cell size of the classifier C is 5 mm.

 Mechanical action at both stages is carried out by creating oscillations with a frequency of 2 to 5 Hz and an amplitude of up to 20 mm.

 As a result of the electropulse action in the processed material, tensile forces arise, similar to the forces initiated by the explosive effect. During electrical breakdown at high speed, a expanding discharge channel filled with dense (with the density of a solid) plasma propagates in a solid material. As a result of the explosion occurring during breakdown, solid pieces are broken into fragments along weakened (softened at the first stage) zones, mainly along intergranular boundaries of minerals with different electrical conductivities.

At the first stage of the second stage, a combination of effects K _{1-1 is} applied to the material, destroying it to a particle size of 20 mm and dividing it by classifier B into two streams, the first of which contains particles with a particle size D <L3 <B (+ 1-20 mm ), and the second - particles less than L2 <D (-1 mm); wherein the second stream is continuously withdrawn from the treatment zone and sent to the pipe 10, and the first stream is sent to the second processing stage, at which particles with microcracks are opened and cleaned of cement stone.

 At the second processing stage, the products are divided into two streams, the first of which contains the target product of strong fractions C <L5 <B (+ 5-20 mm), which is discharged through pipe 8, and the second stream, which contains the target product D <L4 < C (-5 mm), which is continuously withdrawn from the treatment area through the pipe 9.

 Moreover, in the process of implementing these combinations of physical influences in the analyzer (block 20), an intermediate product is analyzed - purified (enriched) crushed stone with a particle size of C <L5 <B (+ 5-20 mm) to assess the degree of surface cleanliness (absence of adhering particles of cement stone) , determining the size distribution in the specified class and the percentage of output relative to the original.

 To obtain the target product of the desired quality with minimal energy consumption at the command of block 20, the parameters of at least one physical impact and / or technological parameters in the selected ranges are adjusted.

 The target product of a given size class is removed from the treatment zone and then used or sent to the next stages of disintegration.

 The present invention can be used for disintegration and enrichment of a wide range of materials. Preliminary analysis of the source material allows you to choose the best combination of physical effects, which allows you to selectively extract all valuable components without destroying their structure and to obtain the target products of various particle sizes.

 The following are specific examples of the implementation of the proposed method for various solid materials.

Example 1
As the processed material, a breed containing colored gemstones is used. In particular, they use a rock containing spinel from magnesian skarns of the Goron and Pamir deposits.

 The specified material is pre-investigated with the determination of particle size distribution, mineralogical and chemical compositions, crystalline structure and physical properties.

 As a result of the analysis, a histogram of the spinel size distribution shown in FIG. 3 is compiled.

 As can be seen from the histogram, up to 50% of spinel particles from 3 to 10 mm in size and up to 35% of spinel particles from 12 to 20 mm are contained in the rock of the indicated field.

 According to the analysis of particle size distribution, the size class of the target product is set, lying in the range from 3 to 20 mm.

 Pieces of rock with a particle size of less than 300 mm are loaded into the proposed device for processing. The method is carried out similarly as described above.

 In the first stage of the second stage, the voltage amplitude of the pulses of the high voltage discharge is selected from 100 to 220 kV, and the pulse energy is from 1 to 8 kJ. In the second stage, the pulse voltage amplitude is from 40 to 80 kV, and the pulse energy is from 0.1 to 0.5 kJ.

 In this case, mechanical action at both stages is carried out by oscillating the classifiers B, C, D with a frequency of 2 to 5 Hz and an amplitude of up to 20 mm.

 At the first stage of processing, products are divided into particle sizes into two streams. The first stream containing the product with a particle size of 1 to 20 mm is sent to the second stage of processing.

 The second stream containing the product with a particle size of less than 1 mm is continuously withdrawn from the treatment zone.

 At the second processing stage, the products are divided into particle sizes into two streams, the first of which contains the target product with a particle size of 3 to 20 mm, and the second stream, which contains the product with a particle size of less than 3 mm, each of these streams being removed from the treatment zone.

Example 2
As the processed material, kimberlite rock containing diamonds from the kimberlite pipe Pomorskoye deposit named after M.V. Lomonosov.

 The specified material is pre-investigated with the determination of particle size distribution, mineralogical and chemical compositions, crystalline structure and physical properties.

 As a result of the analysis, a histogram of the size distribution of diamonds is shown, which is shown in Fig. 4.

 As can be seen from the histogram, the rock of the indicated deposit contains up to 70% of diamond particles with a particle size of 0.5 to 1 mm, up to 25% of diamond particles with a particle size of 1 to 2 mm, up to 5% of diamond particles with a particle size of 2 to 3 mm and about 1% of diamond particles with a particle size of 3 to 4 mm. According to the analysis of particle size distribution, the fineness class of the target product is set, lying in the range from 0.5 to 4 mm.

 Pieces of rock with a particle size of less than 500 mm are loaded into the proposed device for processing. The method is carried out similarly as described above.

 At the first stage of the second stage, the voltage amplitude of the pulses of the high voltage discharge is selected from 140 to 220 kV, and the pulse energy is from 3 to 10 kJ.

 In the second stage, the amplitude of the pulse voltage is selected from 50 to 120 kV, and the pulse energy is from 0.3 to 1.2 kJ.

 Mechanical action at both stages is carried out by vibration of classifiers B, C, D with a frequency of 2 to 5 Hz and an amplitude of up to 20 mm.

 At the first stage of processing, products are divided into particle sizes into two streams. The first stream contains a product with a particle size of from 0.5 to 4 mm, which is sent to the second stage of processing, and the second stream containing a product with a particle size of less than 0.5 mm is continuously removed from the treatment zone.

 At the second stage of processing, the products are divided into particle sizes into two streams, the first of which contains the target product with a particle size of 0.5 to 4 mm, and the second stream containing the product with a particle size of less than 0.5 mm. Each of the streams is removed from the processing zone.

 The above data on the distribution of diamond particles by size classes refer to a particular deposit; in other deposits, the histogram may contain particles up to 50 mm in size. In this case, the size of the target product can be from 0.5 to 50 mm.

Example 3
As the processed material, iron magnetite ore is used, in particular calcite-magnetite ore of the Kovdor massif, the Kola Peninsula (stage II carbonatites).

 The specified material is pre-investigated with the determination of particle size distribution, mineralogical and chemical compositions, crystalline structure and physical properties.

 As a result of the analysis, a histogram of the size distribution of magnetite shown in FIG.

 As can be seen from the histogram, the ore of the indicated deposit contains up to 45% of magnetite particles with a grain size of up to 0.5 mm and up to 55% of magnetite particles with a grain size of 10 to 60 mm. According to the results of the analysis of particle size distribution, the fineness classes of the target product are set, ranging from 10 to 60 mm and up to 0.5 mm.

 Pieces of rock with a particle size of less than 500 mm are loaded into the proposed device for processing. The method is carried out similarly as described above.

 In the first stage of the second stage, the voltage amplitude of the pulses of the high voltage discharge is selected from 150 to 200 kV, and the pulse energy is from 2 to 8 kJ.

 In the second stage, the amplitude of the pulse voltage is selected from 40 to 100 kV, and the pulse energy is from 0.3 to 0.8 kJ.

 Mechanical action at both stages is carried out by vibration of classifiers B, C, D with a frequency of 2 to 5 Hz and an amplitude of up to 20 mm.

 At the first stage of processing, products are divided into particle sizes into two streams. The first stream contains a product with a particle size of from 0.5 to 60 mm, which is sent to the second stage of processing, and the second stream containing a product with a particle size of less than 0.5 mm is continuously removed from the treatment zone.

 At the second processing stage, the products are also divided into particle sizes into two streams, the first of which contains the target product with a particle size of 10 to 60 mm, and the second stream containing the product with a particle size of less than 10 mm, each of which is removed from the treatment zone.

 At the outlet of these streams from the treatment zone using magnetic separation means 23, magnetic separation is carried out by applying a magnetic field with a strength of 8 to 400 A / m, which makes it possible to extract magnetite iron ore from the stream directly in the process itself, which reduces time and energy consumption.

Example 4
Below is another example of the implementation of the patented method, in which the chromite ore of the Rai-Iz, Polar Ural massif is used as the processed material.

 The specified material is analyzed with the determination of particle size distribution, mineralogical and chemical compositions, crystalline structure and physical properties.

 As a result of the analysis, a histogram of the distribution of chromite grains in disseminated (neodular) ores by size, shown in Fig.6.

 As follows from the compiled histogram, the ore of the indicated deposit contains up to 5% of chromite particles with a particle size of 0 to 1 mm, up to 45% of chromite particles with a particle size of 5 to 10 mm and up to 50% of chromite particles with a particle size of 15 to 20 mm. Based on the revealed particle size distribution, the fineness classes of the target product are set, ranging from 5 to 20 mm.

 Pieces of rock with a particle size of less than 200 mm are loaded into the proposed device for processing. The method is carried out similarly as described above.

 At the first stage of the second stage, the voltage amplitude of the pulses of the high voltage discharge is selected from 130 to 180 kV, and the pulse energy is from 5 to 8 kJ.

 In the second stage, the amplitude of the pulse voltage is selected from 40 to 80 kV, and the pulse energy is from 0.3 to 1 kJ.

 Mechanical action at both stages is carried out by vibration of classifiers B, C, D with a frequency of 2 to 5 Hz and an amplitude of up to 20 mm.

 At the first stage of processing, products are divided into particle sizes into two streams. The first stream contains a product with a particle size of 1 to 20 mm, which is sent to the second stage of processing, and the second stream containing a product with a particle size of less than 1 mm is continuously withdrawn from the treatment zone.

 At the second processing stage, the products are divided into particle sizes into two streams, the first of which contains the target product with a particle size of 5 to 20 mm, and the second stream containing the product with a particle size of less than 15 mm, each of which is removed from the treatment zone.

 At the same time, at the outlet of these streams from the treatment zone using gravitational separation means 23, gravitational separation is carried out, which makes it possible to increase the content of chromite concentrate in the stream.

Example 5
Below is another example of the implementation of the patented method, in which the processed material is used gold-containing low-sulfide quartz ore in the veins of the Yubileinoye deposit, Irkutsk region.

 The specified material is pre-investigated with the determination of particle size distribution, mineralogical and chemical compositions, crystalline structure and physical properties.

 As a result of studies, a histogram of the distribution of gold in low-sulfide quartz veins in size, shown in Fig.7.

 As follows from this histogram, the ore of the named deposit contains up to 8% of gold particles from 48 to 50 mm, up to 15% of particles from 30 to 33 mm, up to 25% of particles from 1 to 5 mm and up to 55% of particles up to 0.5 mm

 Based on the revealed particle size distribution, the fineness classes of the target product are set, lying in the range from 30 to 50 mm, from 10 to 30 mm, from 1 to 10 mm and up to 1 mm, which were enlarged with respect to dimensions in accordance with the histogram for technological reasons .

 In the described embodiment, the target product is all identified size groups of gold particles due to its high cost characteristics.

 Pieces of rock with a particle size of less than 200 mm are loaded into the proposed device for processing. The method is carried out similarly as described above.

 At the first stage of the second stage, the voltage amplitude of the pulses of the high voltage discharge is selected from 130 to 180 kV, and the pulse energy is from 5 to 8 kJ.

 In the second stage, the amplitude of the pulse voltage is selected from 40 to 80 kV, and the pulse energy is from 0.3 to 1 kJ.

 Mechanical action at both stages is carried out by vibration of classifiers B, C, D with a frequency of 2 to 5 Hz and an amplitude of up to 20 mm.

 At the first stage of processing, products are divided into particle sizes into two streams. The first stream contains a product with a particle size of from 0.5 to 50 mm, which is sent to the second stage of processing, and the second stream containing a product with a particle size of less than 0.5 mm is continuously removed from the treatment zone.

 At the second stage of processing, products are divided into particle sizes into four streams, the first of which contains the target product with a particle size of up to 1 mm, the second from 1 to 10 mm, the third from 10 to 30 mm and the fourth from 30 to 50 mm each of which is removed from the processing zone.

 Next, the flows are directed to a gravity separation means, in which a concentrate of the target product is obtained. During processing, these streams containing fractions of a given particle size distribution are sent to the analyzer, where the degree of purification of gold particles from quartz rock and the percentage of each fraction are determined. Based on the analysis, the parameters of at least one physical effect, for example, the interelectrode gap and / or the magnitude of the explosive pulses, are corrected at least at one processing stage.

 Operational regulation of the parameters of physical effects allows you to get the target product with the desired properties.

 As described above, the proposed method can be used for disintegration and enrichment of various solid materials, the processing of which, depending on the analysis of the source material, various combinations of physical effects can be selected. Moreover, the method can be carried out in several stages, in each of which several stages can be carried out to extract all the valuable components of the source material of a given size class with high energy characteristics.

Claims (34)

 1. The method of disintegration and enrichment of solid materials, in which the processing is carried out by physical action on the material to obtain the target product, characterized in that as a physical effect a combination of optimal effects is used, which is chosen with respect to the predefined properties that are most objective for the material being processed and are carried out simultaneously to the destruction of the material along the boundaries of grains and crystals of the target product while maintaining their integrity and obtaining fractions ı of a given size class.  2. The method according to claim 1, characterized in that during the implementation of the specified combination of physical effects analyze the intermediate product and adjust the parameters of at least one of this combination of physical effects.  3. The method according to claim 1, characterized in that as the processing zone using a liquid or gaseous medium or a combination of liquid and gaseous media.  4. The method according to p. 3, characterized in that the treatment is carried out in at least two stages, the first of which uses a combination of physical effects, identical or different with the combination of effects used in the second stage.  5. The method according to claim 4, characterized in that during the implementation of each stage, continuous removal of the target products of a given size class from the treatment zone is carried out.  6. The method according to claim 5, characterized in that when the target products are removed, at least two streams are formed that differ in the given size classes, hardness and density characteristics of the obtained grains or crystals of the target products, or a combination of these characteristics.  7. The method according to any one of claims 1 to 3, characterized in that the treatment is carried out in at least two stages, in the first of which a gaseous medium is used as the treatment zone, in which the material to be treated is subjected to preliminary softening, then the treatment zone is moved to liquid medium and carry out the second processing stage using the selected combination of physical effects.  8. The method according to any one of claims 1 to 3, characterized in that the treatment is carried out in at least two stages, the first of which uses a liquid medium as a treatment zone, in which the material to be treated is subjected to preliminary softening, then the treatment zone is moved to gaseous medium and carry out the second stage of processing using the selected combination of physical effects.  9. The method according to any one of claims 1 to 8, characterized in that the combination of physical effects is selected from the group of physical effects, including exposure to a magnetic field, an electric field, an electromagnetic field, mechanical impact, thermal exposure, exposure to acoustic vibrations.  10. The method according to any one of claims 1 to 8, characterized in that as a magnetic field, a magnetic field is used, created in the treatment zone by solenoids, which are placed around this zone, and / or by a system of conductors through which the pulse current is passed and which placed inside the treatment area.  11. The method according to claim 9, characterized in that as the impact of the electric field using an electric field created in the processing zone by a system of conductors that are supplied with a pulse voltage.  12. The method according to claim 9, characterized in that the high-frequency electromagnetic field created in the processing zone by a system of conductors through which an alternating and / or pulse current is passed is used as an electromagnetic field.  13. The method according to claim 9, characterized in that at least one action selected from the group is used as a mechanical impact: shock waves, tensile-compressive forces, vibration, or shear forces.  14. The method according to claim 9, characterized in that when used as a treatment zone of a liquid medium, a pulsed change in the pressure of the liquid medium is used as a mechanical effect.  15. The method according to p. 9, characterized in that the heat exposure using heating of the environment surrounding the processed material, or heating the processed material with an alternating electromagnetic field.  16. The method according to claim 9, characterized in that ultrasonic waves propagating in the processing zone through the processed material are used as acoustic vibrations.  17. The method according to claim 9, characterized in that at least one of the combination of physical effects is carried out in a constant, variable or pulsed mode.  18. The method according to 17, characterized in that each pulse action included in the combination is carried out in repeating packets, while the repetition rate of the packets of pulse actions is selected in the range from 0.1 to 200 Hz.  19. The method according to p. 18, characterized in that each packet of the pulsed action is carried out by alternately using the force and / or field application vectors opposite in direction.  20. A method for the disintegration and enrichment of solid materials, in which the treatment is carried out by physical action on the material to obtain the target product, characterized in that the combination of optimal effects is used as the physical effect, which is selected with respect to the predefined properties that are most objective for the material to be processed, with isolation fractions of the target product with desired properties and a given class size and carry out this combination of effects at least in two stages, in the first of which a gaseous medium is used as a treatment zone, in which the material to be treated is subjected to preliminary softening by simultaneously applying an alternating magnetic field and electric and magnetic pulsed fields to the material, and in the second stage, a liquid medium is used as a treatment zone and the processing is carried out in two stages, each of which uses the same combination of physical effects, including mechanical and electrical effects electric and magnetic pulsed fields by creating a high-voltage discharge, while in the first stage, the target products are divided into predetermined size classes into at least two streams, the first of which is sent to the second processing stage, and the second stream is continuously withdrawn from the treatment zone.  21. The method according to p. 20, characterized in that the waste material of concrete production with a particle size of less than 200 mm is used as the processed material, which is examined to determine the strength of cement adhesions and bonds, the strength and hardness of the gravel contained in the processed material and its fractional composition, set the class the size of the target product, ranging from 5 to 20 mm, while in the first stage of the second processing stage, the voltage amplitude of the pulses of the high voltage discharge is selected from 130 to 180 kV, and the pulse energy is from 5 to 8 kJ , at the second stage of the second stage, the voltage amplitude of the pulses of the high voltage discharge is selected from 40 to 80 kV, and the pulse energy is from 0.3 to 1 kJ, and mechanical action at both stages is carried out by oscillations with a frequency of from 2 to 5 Hz and an amplitude of up to 20 mm, while in the first stage of processing the products are divided into particle sizes into two streams, the first of which, containing the product with a particle size of 1 to 20 mm, is sent to the second processing stage, and the second stream containing the product with a particle size of less than 1 mm the product is separated from the treatment zone, and in the second processing stage, the products are divided into particle sizes into two streams, the first of which contains the target product with a particle size of 5 to 20 mm, and the second stream containing the product with a particle size of less than 5 mm, each of which is removed from processing zones.  22. The method according to p. 20, characterized in that as the processed material use a rock containing colored gemstones with a particle size of less than 300 mm, which is investigated with the determination of particle size distribution, mineralogical and chemical compositions, crystalline structure and physical properties, set the class the size of the target product, ranging from 3 to 20 mm, while in the first stage of the second stage, the voltage amplitude of the pulses of the high voltage discharge is selected from 100 to 220 kV, and the pulse energy is from 1 to 8 kJ, per second In the second stage, the pulse voltage amplitude is selected from 40 to 80 kV, and the pulse energy is from 0.1 to 0.5 kJ, and the mechanical action at both stages is carried out by oscillating with a frequency of 2 to 5 Hz and an amplitude of up to 20 mm, at the first stage of processing, products are divided into particle sizes into two streams, the first of which, containing a product with a particle size of 1 to 20 mm, is sent to the second processing stage, and the second stream containing a product with a particle size of less than 1 mm is continuously removed from the treatment zone , and on Tue At the second stage of processing, products are divided into particle sizes into two streams, the first of which contains the target product with a particle size of 3 to 20 mm, and the second stream containing the product with a particle size of less than 3 mm, each of which is removed from the processing zone.  23. The method according to p. 20, characterized in that as the processed material use a rock containing diamonds with a particle size of less than 500 mm, which is investigated with the determination of particle size, mineralogical and chemical compositions, crystalline structure and physical properties, set the size class of the target product lying in the range from 0.5 to 50 mm, while in the first stage of the second stage, the voltage amplitude of the pulses of the high voltage discharge is selected from 140 to 220 kV, and the pulse energy is from 3 to 10 kJ, in the second stage of amplitudes From 50 to 120 kV, the pulse voltage is selected from 0.3 to 1.2 kJ, and the mechanical energy at both stages is carried out by oscillations with a frequency of 2 to 5 Hz and an amplitude of up to 20 mm, while the first processing stage, the products are divided into particle sizes into two streams, the first of which, containing the product with a particle size of 0.5 to 50 mm, is sent to the second processing stage, and the second stream containing the product with a particle size of less than 0.5 mm is continuously withdrawn from processing zones, and in the second stage arr Work is carried out by dividing the products according to size classes into two streams, the first of which contains the target product with a particle size of 0.5 to 50 mm, and the second stream containing the product with a particle size of less than 0.5 mm, each of which is removed from the treatment zone.  24. The method according to p. 20, characterized in that as the processed material using iron magnetite ore with a particle size of less than 300 mm, which is investigated with the determination of particle size, mineralogical and chemical compositions, crystalline structure and physical properties, specify the size class of the target product, lying in the range of 5 to 60 mm, while in the first stage of the second stage, the voltage amplitude of the pulses of the high voltage discharge is selected from 150 to 200 kV, and the pulse energy is from 2 to 8 kJ, in the second stage the amplitude the voltage of the pulses is chosen from 40 to 100 kV, and the energy of the pulses is from 0.3 to 0.8 kJ, and the mechanical action at both stages is carried out by oscillating with a frequency of 2 to 5 Hz and an amplitude of up to 20 mm, with the first processing stages carry out the separation of products according to size classes into two streams, the first of which containing a product with a particle size of 5 to 60 mm is sent to the second processing stage, and the second stream containing a product with a particle size of less than 5 mm is continuously withdrawn from the treatment zone, and second stage of processing and carry out the separation of products by size classes into two streams, the first of which contains the target product with a particle size of 5 to 60 mm, and the second stream containing the product with a particle size of less than 5 mm, each of which is removed from the processing zone, while the output of these flows from treatment zones carry out their magnetic separation by applying a magnetic field with a strength of from 8 to 400 A / m and form additional flows of magnetic concentrate.  25. The method according to p. 20, characterized in that as the processed material using chromite ore with a particle size of less than 200 mm, which is investigated with the determination of particle size, mineralogical and chemical compositions, crystalline structure and physical properties, set the size class of the target product lying in the range from 5 to 20 mm, while in the first stage of the second processing stage, the voltage amplitude of the high-voltage discharge pulses is selected from 130 to 180 kV, and the pulse energy is from 5 to 8 kJ, in the second stage of the second tapa, the voltage amplitude of the pulses of the high voltage discharge is selected from 40 to 80 kV, and the pulse energy is from 0.3 to 1 kJ, and the mechanical action at both stages is carried out by oscillating with a frequency of 2 to 5 Hz and an amplitude of up to 20 mm, while at the first processing stage, the products are divided into particle sizes into two streams, the first of which, containing a product with a particle size of 1 to 20 mm, is sent to the second processing stage, and the second stream containing a product with a particle size of less than 1 mm is continuously removed from the treatment zone boots, moreover, at the second stage of processing, products are divided into particle sizes into two streams, the first of which contains the target product with a particle size of 5 to 20 mm, and the second stream containing the product with a particle size of less than 5 mm, each of which is removed from the treatment zone, in this case, when these flows are removed from the treatment zone, they are gravitationally separated and additional flows of chromite concentrate are formed.  26. The method according to p. 20, characterized in that as the processed material using gold-containing low-sulfide quartz ore with a particle size of less than 200 mm, which is investigated with the determination of particle size, mineralogical and chemical compositions, crystal structure and physical properties, set the size class of the target product lying in the range from 30 to 50 mm, from 10 to 30 mm, from 1 to 10 mm and up to 1 mm, while in the first stage of the second processing stage, the voltage amplitude of the pulses of the high voltage discharge is selected from 130 to 180 kV, and the pulse energy is from 5 to 8 kJ, in the second stage of the second stage, the voltage amplitude of the high-voltage discharge pulses is selected from 40 to 80 kV, and the pulse energy is from 0.3 to 1 kJ, and the mechanical action at both stages is carried out by oscillations with a frequency of 2 to 5 Hz and an amplitude of up to 20 mm, while in the first stage of processing, products are divided into particle sizes into two streams, the first of which, containing a product with a particle size of 1 to 50 mm, is sent to the second stage of processing, and the second stream containing the second product with a particle size of less than 1 mm is continuously withdrawn from the treatment zone, and at the second stage of processing, products are divided into particle sizes into four streams, the first of which contains the target product with a particle size of up to 1 mm, the second from 1 to 10 mm, the third from 10 to 30 mm and the fourth from 30 to 50 mm, each of which is removed from the treatment area.  27. A device for the disintegration and enrichment of solid materials, containing means for supplying the processed material, means for physically influencing it, at least one means for dividing the material into size classes and means for removing the obtained fractions of the target product, characterized in that it has a means for determining the most objective for the material being processed properties, a set of means placed in the housing for using a combination of physical effects electrically connected to their sync block tions and management.  28. The device according to p. 27, characterized in that it contains a means of analyzing the properties of the intermediate target product associated with a set of tools for implementing a combination of physical effects.  29. The device according to p. 27, characterized in that it has a means for separating the obtained fractions of the target product according to the specified particle sizes and a means for returning fractions having a particle size greater than the specified, to the second stage of processing.  30. The device according to item 27, wherein the housing contains a liquid or gaseous medium, or a combination of liquid and gaseous media, while the processed material is immersed in the specified environment, and a set of means for implementing a combination of physical effects is in contact with the specified means.  31. The device according to item 27, wherein the housing contains a liquid or gaseous medium, or a combination of liquid and gaseous media, while the processed material is immersed in the specified medium, and a set of means for implementing a combination of physical effects is made isolated relative to the medium.  32. The device according to p. 27, characterized in that the housing has at least two disintegration chambers, in the first of which there is a means of preliminary softening of the processed material and the first set of tools for the first combination of physical effects, and the second set of tools is placed in the second chamber for the implementation of the second combination of physical effects, while the cameras are connected by means of moving the processed material from one camera to another.  33. The device according to p. 32, characterized in that the first and second sets of means for performing a combination of physical effects are similar and each of these means is two high voltage electrodes connected to a power source through a pulse voltage and current generator and a high voltage rectifier transformer , and a grounded electrode, made in the form of inclined stepped sections having separating holes of different sizes, and mechanically connected with a vibrator, the device has dstvo preliminary softening linkages processed material comprising a solenoid encompassing the middle part of high-voltage electrodes and a solenoid is provided power generator connected to the control unit physical influences.  34. The device according to p. 27, characterized in that it has a means of magnetic separation or means of gravitational separation of the obtained fractions of the target product.

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