RU2190826C2 - Noiseless cartridge - Google Patents

Abstract

FIELD: ammunition, in particular, cartridges of fighting and sporting automatic, semiautomatic and non-automatic small arms. SUBSTANCE: cartridge has a shot, cartridge case, piston with a diameter exceeding the caliber, installed for a working stroke up to its retardation in the cartridge case pitch, powder propelling charge with a device for its ignition and liquid filling the space between the shot and the piston. Glycerin-water solution or solution contains, %: glycerin, 46; alcohol, 19; water, 35 used as liquid. An eutectic mixture of glycerin and water, approximately 70 and 30% is recommended. In one of the modifications of construction the cartridge case is made tapered on the outer and inner sides, and its bottom part is detachable and envelops the piston-separator at least over the entire length of its working stroke, the inner surface of the bottom part conjugate to the surface of the piston-separator is made cylindrical, and the outer surface conjugate to the inner surface of the cartridge case is made tapered at least on the upper part of its height. At a fighting use of the cartridge the piston-separator expels the shot to the rifled bore by means of liquid. The active stroke of the shot exceeds the working stroke of the piston- separator. The liquid action of the shot continues in the remaining length of the barrel and partially beyond its limits. The liquid facilitates obturation of gases and absorption of sound. EFFECT: expanded abilities and improved characteristics of the noiseless cartridge. 4 cl, 3 dwg

Description

 The invention relates to ammunition, specifically to cartridges for combat and hunting automatic, semi-automatic and non-automatic small arms.

There are three main ways to reduce the sound level (jamming) when fired [1]:
- limiting the rate of expiration of powder gases from the bore;
- limitation of bullet speed to subsonic (not more than 300 m / s);
- cutoff (blocking) of the powder gases inside the cartridge case.

 The latter method was implemented, in particular, in an American silent cartridge (for a 11.2 mm smooth-bore revolver) containing a steel sleeve with an igniter capsule and a projectile chamber with a threaded section in front, a powder propellant charge, a projectile (shotgun container) and the piston separator [1, p. 624]. On the threaded section, the piston-separator stopped, cutting off (blocking) the powder and capsule gases inside the cartridge.

 Famous and domestic silent cartridge SP-4, containing a projectile (bullet), a sleeve, a piston-separator (otherwise - "pan-obturator") and a propellant propellant charge located between the piston-separator and the bottom of the sleeve, with a device for its ignition [2 and 3, fig. c, d]. The space between the neck of the sleeve and the piston separator is occupied by a projectile (with a partial annular air gap). SP-4 is used in smoothbore automatic weapons - PSS pistol.

 In the analogue cartridge, however, the active stroke of the projectile corresponds to the working stroke of the piston, which determines the relatively low efficiency of the latter as a translationally moving intermediate body (transmission link) of the projectile ejection device. Accordingly, the possibilities of providing the necessary velocity of rotation of the projectile or reducing the length of the cartridge at a given speed of rotation under conditions of flight stabilization are narrowed. There is also an overestimation of the mass and metal consumption of the cartridge; reserves remain to improve the conditions for obturation of powder and capsule gases.

 The closest to the claimed invention for the purpose and combination of design features is a silent cartridge (USA) containing a projectile (bullet), a sleeve, a piston-separator installed with the possibility of a stroke limited by the slope of the sleeve, a propelling charge with its ignition device and a liquid substance, the filling space between the projectile and the piston separator [4].

In it, the projectile (bullet) is centered due to the narrowing of the projectile chamber in the neck of the sleeve. The liquid filling the space between the projectile and the separator piston forms together with the latter a "hydraulic piston" and allows:
- to provide the possibility of use in automatic weapons by eliminating the release of part of the piston-separator for the primary dimensions of the cartridge;
- increase the active stroke of the projectile while maintaining the magnitude of the stroke of the piston-separator (or reduce the required magnitude of the stroke of the piston-separator while maintaining the magnitude of the active stroke of the projectile);
- to increase the momentum and, accordingly, additional opportunities to increase the length of the threaded portion of the barrel in order to increase the accuracy of fire;
- improve the obturation conditions of powder and capsule gases;
- reduce weight and metal consumption.

 However, the fact of using a liquid substance "in general", without specifying its specific properties and composition (in the description), cannot guarantee satisfactory technical and operational characteristics of the prototype cartridge. This narrows the possibilities of implementing a well-known technical proposal. Along with economic considerations (cost, fluid availability), one should rationally select (and optimize) its physical properties (density, freezing temperature, compressibility and sound absorption coefficient [5]), based on the specific working processes in the cartridge. In particular, water and alcohol do not meet the requirements for compressibility, at high pressures of the powder gases in the liner, as well as for frost resistance and other parameters. Recommendations for the use of amorphous substances - soft waxes, are also far from optimum.

 The objective of the invention is to expand the capabilities and improve the characteristics of the silent cartridge due to the rational choice of the composition of the liquid substance, as well as facilitating the assembly of the cartridge and making it possible to disassemble it for recovery with partial disposal.

 The solution to this problem is achieved by the fact that in a silent cartridge containing a shell, a sleeve, a piston with a diameter exceeding the caliber, installed with the possibility of a working stroke before braking in the slope of the sleeve, a powder propellant charge with its ignition device and a liquid filling the space between the shell and piston, as a liquid, a water-glycerin solution or a solution containing 46% glycerol, 19% alcohol, 35% water is used.

The solution to this problem is also achieved due to additional design features:
- water-glycerin solution may contain glycerin and water in a eutectic proportion;
- the sleeve can be made conical from the outer and inner sides, and its bottom part is removable and cover the piston-separator at least along the entire length of its working stroke, while the inner surface of the bottom part, paired with the surface of the piston-separator, can be made cylindrical, and the outer surface conjugated with the inner surface of the sleeve, conical at least at the top of its height.

 - the water-glycerin solution may contain an anti-corrosion additive.

 A water-glycerin solution with an anti-corrosion additive is one of the most rational fluids in terms of physical properties (density, freezing temperature and compressibility), economic and other parameters (cost, availability). The eutectic proportion of the solution ensures a minimum freezing temperature. The last set of additional features, listed above in the list of additional differences, allows you to compensate for the significant internal taper of some types of liners that impede the normal operation of the piston-separator. This design improves obturation and facilitates the removal of spent cartridge cases.

 Among the known devices and methods, no such combination of essential features would coincide with the declared one. At the same time, it is due to the latter that a new technical result is achieved in accordance with the task: expanding the capabilities and improving the characteristics of the silent cartridge due to the rational choice of the composition of the liquid substance, as well as facilitating the assembly of the cartridge and making it possible to disassemble it for recovery with partial disposal .

 The inventive silent cartridge device is illustrated in the drawings, where in FIG. 1 shows one possible design of a silent cartridge (with a cylindrical sleeve and a cylindrical piston separator), a longitudinal section; figure 2 is a second embodiment of a silent cartridge (with a conical sleeve and an N-shaped piston separator), a longitudinal section; figure 3 is a third option (with a developed bottom part), a longitudinal section, where d and D are the outer diameter of the projectile (bullet) and the sleeve, respectively.

 The silent cartridge contains a sleeve 1 of a bottle type, cylindrical (see FIG. 1) or conical (see FIG. 2), with a bullet or other projectile built into it 2. The duct 3 of the cartridge 1 has a diameter d (the projectile 2 is fixed by crimping). The inner surface of the sleeve 1 can be either cylindrical (see figure 1), and conical (see figure 2). It smoothly passes into the dulce, forming a ramp 4, mainly conical or close to it.

 The bottom part of the sleeve 1 is made in the form of a plug 5 with a cylindrical or conical thread 6 and a shock-igniter 7 integrated into it or some other ignition device, for example, an electric action. That is, the bottom of the sleeve 1 is removable or, in other words, the sleeve 1 is detachable.

 Between the projectile 2 and the plug 5, a piston-separator 8 is installed of a cylindrical shape (see figure 1) or with a weakly pronounced taper corresponding to the taper of the inner surface of the sleeve 1 (see figure 2).

 In an advantageous embodiment of the piston-separator 8, front 9 and / or rear 10 samples are provided. In this case, the front sampling 9 forms an annular sacrificial (deformable) part 11 of the piston-separator, and with the rear sampling 10, the piston-separator 8 rests on the bottom of the sleeve 1, in particular, in the annular part 12 of the plug 5 (see Fig. 2). Thus, in the second embodiment, the piston-separator 8 in a longitudinal section is H-shaped.

 In the embodiment with a developed plug 5 (see FIG. 3), the sleeve 1 is made, as in the second embodiment, tapered from the outside and inside, but the bottom part (plug) 5 covers the piston-separator 8 at least along its entire length working stroke. In this case, the inner surface of the bottom part (plug) 5, conjugated with the surface of the piston-separator 8, is cylindrical, and the outer surface, conjugated with the inner surface of the sleeve 1, is conical at least on the upper part of its length (height). The rest of its height is a threaded section 6 (cylindrical or conical).

 In any of the above or other possible design options, the space between the bottom part (plug) 5 of the sleeve 1 and the piston-separator 8 is filled with a powder propellant charge 13, and the space between the projectile 2 and the piston-separator 8 is filled with a liquid substance (hereinafter - “liquid” ) 14.

As liquid 14, a liquid is used with a compressibility lower than that of water, non-freezing in the real temperature range, specifically, a water-glycerin solution with an anti-corrosion additive, mainly in the eutectic proportion of glycerol and water (approximately 70 and 30%, respectively), providing a freezing point minus 38.9 ^o C. The closest possible substitute is Steol-M liquid (46% glycerol, 19% alcohol, 35% water). Pure glycerin is also allowed. The sound absorption coefficient in glycerin is two orders of magnitude higher than in water, and its compressibility is two times lower [5].

 The described examples of the structural implementation of the claimed device do not exclude other possible options within the framework of the claims.

 The device operates as follows.

 In the manufacturing process of the cartridge, or rather, its assembly, the crimping-fixing of the projectile 2 (formation of a barrel 3 with a ramp 4) is accompanied by squeezing of the liquid 14. The pressure (in the constructive versions of Fig. 2,3) is transmitted through the piston-separator 8 to the bottom of the sleeve ( plug 5), as a result of which undesirable charge compaction does not occur 13. In addition, a certain position of the separator piston (and, accordingly, charge density) is guaranteed, the same for all cartridges (at least in series), which together contributes to the stability of the parameter s patron.

 When the cartridge is used in combat, the operation of the igniter capsule (or other ignition device) 7 and the subsequent combustion of the charge 13 causes a sharp increase in pressure behind the piston-separator 8. The latter acts on the water-glycerin mixture 14 or its substitute, slightly compressing it (practically not compressing it) and pushes shell 2 into the threaded portion of the barrel. The displacement of the fluid 14 from the sleeve 1, thus, occurs on almost the entire working stroke of the piston-separator 8, i.e. until it is limited by ramp 4. When the inner diameter of the sleeve 1 is greater than the caliber, the active action of the piston-separator 8 on the projectile 2 through the fluid 14 (and, therefore, imparting rotation to the latter) occurs with a greater movement of the projectile 2 in comparison with the movement of the piston-separator 8. In other words, the active stroke of the projectile 2 is greater than the working stroke of the piston-separator 8. The impact of the fluid 14 with its kinetic energy on the projectile 2 continues on the remaining length of the barrel and partially beyond. The liquid 14 also acts as an additional sealant, together with the piston separator 8 preventing the breakthrough of powder and capsule gases outside the sleeve 1. In the presence of an anti-corrosion additive, long-term storage of the cartridge is not accompanied by significant oxidative processes, and the eutectic proportion of the components of the water-glycerin mixture does not freeze it in real temperature conditions for combat use. The braking process of the H-shaped piston 8 when interacting with the ramp 4 is accompanied by deformation of the sacrificial (deformable) part 11 (see Fig. 2,3) mainly in the form of crushing inward. Accordingly, the quenching of the kinetic energy of the H-shaped piston-separator 8 occurs more smoothly than cylindrical (see figure 1).

 In the embodiment of FIG. 3, the entire working stroke of the piston-separator 8 is carried out on the cylindrical section of the plug 5, and with any surface characteristics specified during the design and technological preparation of the project, i.e. there is no forced dependence on the geometry and characteristics of the inner surface of the "base" main part of the sleeve 1.

 Automatically or manually removed from the chamber the part of the cartridge remaining after firing is usually subject to recovery with partial disposal. In this case, the plug 5 is unscrewed, after which the piston-separator 8 is removed.

 Using the inventive device allows you to expand the capabilities and improve the characteristics of the silent cartridge.

Sources of information
1. Blagovestov A.I. What they shoot from the CIS: Handbook of small arms / Ed. ed. A.E. Taras. - Mn .: Harvest, 1999.-656c.-C. 93-95, 618-625.

 2. RU 2059189 C1, F 42 B 5/02, 04/27/1996.

 3. Volkhovsky N. L. Forces of special operations. - SPb .: Polygon-AST, MCMXCVI. - S. 96 (Fig. A, b - prototype device).

 4. US 4173186, F 42 B 5/02, 11/06/1979, Fig. 3.4 (prototype).

 5. Physical quantities: Reference book / Ed. I.S. Grigoryeva, E.Z. Meilikhova. - M .: Energoatomizdat, 1991 .-- 1232 p. S. 137.370.

Claims (4)

 1. Silent cartridge containing a shell, sleeve, piston with a diameter exceeding the caliber, installed with the possibility of a working stroke before braking in the slope of the sleeve, a propellant propellant charge with its ignition device and a liquid filling the space between the shell and the piston, characterized in that the liquid used is a water-glycerin solution or a solution containing 46% glycerol, 19% alcohol, 35% water.  2. The silent cartridge according to claim 1, characterized in that the water-glycerin solution contains glycerin and water in a eutectic proportion.  3. The silent cartridge according to claim 1, characterized in that the sleeve is made conical from the outer and inner sides, and its bottom part is removable and covers the piston at least along the entire length of the working stroke, while the inner surface of the bottom part is mated to the surface the piston is cylindrical, and the outer surface mating with the inner surface of the liner is conical at least at the top of its height.  4. The silent cartridge according to claim 1, characterized in that the water-glycerin solution contains an anti-corrosion additive.

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