RU2188946C1 - Method of coal deposit development - Google Patents

Abstract

FIELD: mining industry. SUBSTANCE: method includes mining of series of contiguous seams by combined underground-opencast winning method. Mining is carried out successively from top down. Mining of each outcropping seam includes, first, mining operations by underground methods, and remaining reserves at their outcrop are extracted by opencast methods with location of overburden rocks in internal dump and relief reclamation. In working of not outcropping lower seams, use is made only of underground technology. EFFECT: efficient utilization of land resources, reduced harmful effect on environment. 5 dwg

Description

 The invention relates to the mining industry and can be used in the development of a coal deposit, consisting of a suite of adjacent layers.

 Known technology for the development of mineral deposits by open pit mining, including the production of overburden and mining operations [1].

The disadvantages of the known technology are:
- dependence on climatic conditions;
- disturbance of large areas of land under cuts and dumps of waste rock;
- high economic costs of land restoration in the Far North due to the small fertile soil layer;
- air pollution, especially blasting.

 A known method of development of a coal deposit, including the development of a suite of adjoining seams using a combined underground-open-pit mining method [2]. Prototype.

 The disadvantage of this method is that it does not provide for the placement of overburden rocks in the internal dump and the restoration of the terrain.

 The purpose of the invention is the elimination of disadvantages.

 The proposed method is characterized in that the mining is carried out sequentially from top to bottom, mining is carried out underground by each layer that first comes to the surface, and the remaining reserves at the outlet of the formation are mined by open method with placement of overburden rocks in the internal dump and restoration of the terrain, and when mining of lower layers that do not have access to the surface, apply underground mining technology.

 The method is illustrated by drawings, where figure 1 shows in plan a characteristic area of the developed field; in Fig.2 is a section aa in Fig.1; in FIG. 3 - section of open work at the outlet of the reservoir; figure 4 is a section bb in figure 3; figure 5 is a section CC in figure 3.

 Symbols adopted in the drawings: 1 - adits; 2 - lower layer of coal; 3 - exit to the day surface; 4 - upper layer; 5 - inclined workings; 6 - ventilation adit; 7 - preparatory and rifled workings; 8 - the main reserves of the reservoir; 9 - remaining stocks; 10 - waste rock; 11 - breed face; 12 - waste space.

 The method is as follows. Due to the fact that the deposit is located in mountainous areas and a significant part of the formation is elevated and has exits to the day surface almost along the entire contour, the deposit is opened by adits 1 along the lower coal seam 2, with access to the day surface 3. From adits 1 spend inclined workings 5, designed for coal transportation, ventilation and other auxiliary works, up to the very top layer 4. A ventilation adit 6 is conducted along the upper stratum 4, as well as preparatory and rifted excavations 7, after which the main reserves 8 of this stratum are worked out underground using mechanized complexes. The remaining coal reserves 9, located at the outlet of the formation on the surface, are recovered by open cast mining. In this case, the waste rock 10 extracted in the rock face 11 is moved into the spent space 12 and laid in such a way as to give the surface its original appearance. In the process of mining the upper layer, preparatory and rifting workings are carried out on the underlying layer, and the operational work on it begins after the complete development of the upper layer. According to this scheme, all the layers of the suite are worked out. The lowest coal seams that do not have access to the day surface are mined only by underground mining.

 After working out all the layers of the formation, only narrow strips of disturbed surface remain at the elevation in the places of open cast mining. Since these strips are surrounded on all sides by surfaces with forest vegetation, after some time natural reclamation occurs and vegetation appears on disturbed lands.

The advantages of this method are:
- mining is independent of climatic conditions;
- surface disturbance from mining and environmental pollution are minimal.

Sources of information
1. A.P. Kilyachkov "Technology of mining", M., Nedra, 1985, p.355-370.

 2. A.S. USSR 1060794 A, E 21 C 41/00, 1983

Claims (1)

 A method of developing a coal deposit, including the development of a suite of adjoining seams using a combined underground open-pit mining method, characterized in that the mining is carried out sequentially from top to bottom, mining is carried out underground for each seam going to the surface, and the remaining reserves at the outlet of the seam are mined the method with the placement of overburden rocks in the internal dump and restoration of the terrain, and when mining the lower layers, which do not have access to the day surface st, only use of underground mining technology.

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