RU218841U1 - EQUALIZING JOINT - Google Patents

Abstract

The utility model relates to the field of railway transport, to devices for a seamless railway track, namely to an equalizing joint that serves to compensate for the longitudinal movements of the track caused by temperature changes in the summer and winter seasons, as well as the perception of dynamic loads from rolling stock. An equalizing joint containing a movable rail and a blade located on linings and attached to the base with fasteners, while the frame rail and the blade are limited on the sides by stops, and the frame rail has the ability to move longitudinally relative to the blade, while the distance from the blade of the blade to its planes cross-section, in which the width of the heads is 5 mm, 20 mm, 50 mm and 68.4 mm, will be equal to 930 mm, 2558 mm, 4450 mm, 5322 mm, respectively. EFFECT: increased service life of the leveling joint is provided by reducing the gradient of dynamic effects from the rolling stock on its structural elements by increasing the length of the blade. 3 ill.

Description

Technical field

The utility model relates to the field of railway transport, to devices for a seamless railway track, namely to an equalizing joint that serves to compensate for the longitudinal movements of the track caused by temperature changes in the summer and winter seasons, as well as the perception of dynamic loads from rolling stock.

The device provides a free change in the length of the rail track without the appearance of additional forces, both in the rails and in the under-rail base (sleepers).

The main structural elements of the leveling joint known from the prior art are: a movable (frame) rail and a blade, which are located on linings attached to the base by fasteners, while the frame rail and the blade are limited on the sides by stops, and the rail has the ability to move longitudinally relative to the blade . The movement of the frame rail relative to the wit occurs along a curved surface. The lines that form this surface are curves described by the equation of the elastic line of a cantilevered beam of constant cross section, bent under the action of a concentrated force applied at the end.

State of the art

From the prior art known source of information RU 97738 U1, 09/20/2010, which discloses the design of the leveling joint, containing a movable (frame) rail and a point, located on the lining and attached to the base with fasteners, while the movable (frame) rail and the point are limited stops on the sides, and the movable (frame) rail has the ability to move longitudinally relative to the blade, while the contact surface of the blade and the movable (frame) rail is curved, and the lines forming it are curves described by the equation of the elastic line of the cantilevered beam of constant section, bent under the influence of a concentrated force applied at the end, and the coordinate of an arbitrary point on the curve at a distance X from its beginning can be calculated by the formula

where V _i is the coordinate of the curve at an arbitrary point;

V _max - the value of the maximum bend of the movable (frame) rail at the end of the curve;

L is the length of the contact zone of the movable rail and the blade.

The disadvantages of the device known from the prior art is its low durability of operation, due to the fact that in the current realities of the operation of the railway track, with the current, increased turnover, as well as with its subsequent increase, when rolling the wheel of the rolling stock from the rolling (frame) rail to sharp edge, the structural elements of the leveling joint experience dynamic effects (stresses), which lead to premature failure of the sharp points of the leveling joints due to fatigue defects (wear, spalling).

Dynamic influences (stresses) arising during the transition of a wheel of a rolling stock from a rolling (frame) rail to a wit are due to the design of the wit.

At the same time, the wit is made with different overall characteristics along its entire length.

So the height of the wit in its tip is less than the height of its opposite end, which is connected to the movable (frame) rail, while the height at the opposite end is equal to the height of the movable (frame) rail.

Thus, the wit has a surface that has a height difference, characterized by the angle of rolling of the wheel (tilt) of the rolling stock from the rolling (frame) rail to the wit.

In addition, the construction of the wit in the above section with different heights at its beginning and end also has a different width of the wit's head.

The head of the wit is understood as its upper part of the profile, which at different distances from its tip will have a different character, due to changes in overall parameters, namely the roll angle of the wheel (tilt) of the rolling stock and the width of the wit's head.

In the process of passing the rolling stock along the design of the leveling joint, when the wheel of the rolling stock contacts the wit, it hits the wit with the occurrence of vertical acceleration and the redistribution of increasing dynamic loads from the rolling stock between the rolling (frame) rail and the wit.

When the wheel rolls, the resulting dynamic effects (stresses) in different planes (vertical, horizontal) lead to an increase in vertical accelerations and a change in the angular velocities of the wheels of the rolling stock axle, which have a negative impact on the durability of the equalizing joint structure.

Wits known from the prior art have a design characterized by different overall numerical values of the parameters (wit height, width of the wit head) along its entire length and which is also determined by the gradient of dynamic influences (the level of loads occurring in the contact zone of the rolling stock wheel and the elements of the equalization joint) on the wit , at which the impact of the wheel and the vertical acceleration of the rolling stock have values that can lead to a violation of the durability of the structural elements of the leveling joint.

This circumstance is primarily due to the numerical values of the length of the wit, namely the length of the zone of wheel rolling from the movable (frame) rail to the wit.

In addition, the increased traffic density on the railway network, to a greater extent, has a negative impact on the complex, consisting of several elements, the design of switch products, including the leveling joint, since the design of the elements of the leveling joints of the known prior art did not include parameters for the changed operating conditions, such as increased axle load from rolling stock, as well as an increased number of these impacts caused by an increase in carrying capacity.

The main reasons that reduce the durability of the operation of equalizing joints are the stresses caused by wheel impact when rolling from a movable frame rail to a point.

The impact of the wheel mainly falls on the wit, since its geometric parameters change along the length (change in the height of the wit, see above). This is due to the angle of inclination of the wit's tread surface, which varies depending on its length.

The dynamic effect of the wheels of the rolling stock on the blade of the leveling joint structure is the more intense, the greater the angle of inclination of the blade's tread surface.

Thus, it can be concluded that the smaller the length of the rollover zone of the leveling joint in relation to the change in its height in this section, the greater the gradients of dynamic influences act on the structural elements of the point, that is, the joint experiences large loads that can lead to exit failure of its individual elements, thereby reducing the durability of the leveling joint.

Disclosure of the essence of the utility model

The task to be solved by the claimed utility model is to eliminate the shortcomings of the prior art.

The technical result achieved in the implementation of the claimed utility model is to increase the durability of the equalization joint, by reducing the gradient of dynamic effects from the rolling stock on its structural elements by increasing the length of the wisecrack.

The consequence of the claimed technical result is an increase in the smoothness of the passage of the rolling stock on the design of the leveling joint.

The essence of the technical solution of the claimed utility model lies in the fact that the leveling joint, containing a movable frame rail and a blade, located on linings and attached to the base with fasteners, while the movable frame rail and the blade are limited on the sides by stops, and the movable frame rail has the ability to longitudinal movement relative to the wit, while the distances from the tip of the wit to the planes of its cross section, in which the width of the heads is 5 mm, 20 mm, 50 mm and 68.4 mm, will be equal to 930 mm, 2558 mm, 4450 mm, 5322 mm, respectively.

New in the claimed utility model is the increase in the length of the segments of the wit from its point to the planes of its cross section, which have certain values of the width of the wit's head.

These changes in the design of the proposed device made it possible to reduce the angle of impact of the wheel when rolling from the movable rail to the sharp point, which in turn made it possible to reduce vertical acceleration and improve the smoothness of the passage of the rolling stock along the design of the equalizing joint, thereby ensuring an increase in its service life.

The wit is divided into zones, to determine which cross sections are made along its length, in which the width of the wit's head has certain values, which are 5 mm, 20 mm, 50 mm and 68.4 mm.

The indicated widths of the head of the wit divide it into zones:

zone (A) from the tip of the wit to the plane of its cross section, in which the width of the wit's head is 5 mm, characterizes the process of the beginning of the contact between the wheel flange of the rolling stock and the wit;

zone (B) from the plane of the cross section of the wit, in which the width of its head is 5 mm, to the plane of the cross section of the wit, in which the width of its head is 20 mm, characterizes the process of continuing contact of the wheel of the rolling stock with the wit;

zone (B) from the plane of the cross section of the wit, in which the width of its head is 20 mm, to the plane of the cross section of the wit, in which the width of its head is 50 mm, characterizes the process of rolling the rolling stock wheel from the movable rail to the wit;

zone (D) from the plane of the cross section of the wit, in which the width of its head is 50 mm, to the plane of the cross section of the wit, in which the width of its head is 68.4 mm, characterizes the process of complete rolling of the wheel of the rolling stock onto the wit and its subsequent movement along leveling joint construction.

As a result of increasing the length of the above zones, it was possible to reduce the angle of impact of the wheel into the wit when it rolls from the moving rail, to reduce the vertical acceleration when the rolling stock is rolled into the equalizing joint, thereby ensuring better smoothness of passage along the design of the claimed utility model.

Brief description of the drawings

The essence of the claimed utility model is explained by the following description and the accompanying illustrations, which show:

Fig. 1 - a general view of the leveling joint is presented, in the form of a 3D model in isometry, made using the SolidWorks software package.

Fig. 2 - a front view of the wit, the design of the inventive leveling joint, indicating the zones of cross sections along its length, as well as their section in these zones.

Fig. 3 is a schematic representation of the angle of impact of the wheel into the wit for the technical solution of the prior art and the claimed one, respectively.

Implementation of the utility model

In FIG. 1 shows an equalizing joint (1), which includes (2) a movable rail, (3) a point, (4) a point of a point, (5) a lining (not the subject of the claimed utility model) and (6) side stops (not subject of the claimed utility model).

In FIG. 2 shows a drawing (front view) of a wit of the claimed utility model.

Zones (A, B, C, D) of the sharp joint of the leveling joint are characterized by the distance from the sharp point of the sharp joint to the plane of its cross section, in which the width of the sharp point head is 5 mm, 20 mm, 50 mm and 68.4 mm.

In confirmation of the claimed technical result, which consists in increasing the durability of the equalizing joint, by reducing the gradient of dynamic effects from the rolling stock on its structural elements by increasing the length of the blade, a value was used that characterizes the angle of inclination of the blade tread in each of the zones, which was calculated through tg (α _n ).

It is possible to determine this value as the ratio of the difference in heights in each of the cross sections of the zones of the wit to the distance from the tip of the wit to the plane of its cross section at the end of each of the zones:

where α is the angle of impact of the wheel into the wit (calculated for each zone separately);

n is an indicator indicating the corresponding zone of the wit (A, B, C, D);

h is the height of the wit in each of the cross sections of its zones;

l is the distance from the tip of the wit to the cross section of the end of each of its zones;

m - an indicator indicating the corresponding zone of the wit (in terms of indicating the height and its length).

The tangent of the angle is characterized by the ratio of the opposite leg to the adjacent one, that is, in this case, the ratio of the height, which will be unchanged for each corresponding wit zone, to the length, which will have a different value in each of the wit zones.

It should be noted that the heights of the wits (both known from the prior art and claimed) in each of the cross sections have a standard value: 115 mm, 123 mm, 135 mm and 140 mm.

To confirm the decrease in the angle of impact of the wheel into the wit, calculations were made according to the parameter (distance from the tip of the wit to the corresponding cross-sectional plane at the end of each of the zones of the wit, characterized by the width of the head in the section, see above) equalization joints, known from the prior art and claimed.

Wit 1 (prior art).

The distance from the point of the wit to the plane of its cross section at the end of each of the zones (the width of the wit's head is 5 mm, 20 mm, 50 mm and 68.4 mm):

in zone (A) 285 mm;

in zone (B) 1059 mm;

in zone (B) 1959 mm;

in the zone (G) 2374 mm.

Wit 2 (the claimed technical solution).

The distance from the point of the wit to the plane of its cross section at the end of each of the zones (the width of the wit's head is 5 mm, 20 mm, 50 mm and 68.4 mm):

in zone (A) 930 mm;

in zone (B) 2558 mm;

in zone (B) 4450 mm;

in the zone (G) 5322 mm.

As a result of the tests (presented in the form of calculations), the following experimental data were obtained, presented in table 1

The analysis of the obtained results indicates that the values of tg (α _η ) for the claimed utility model (Wit 2) are less than the values of the technical solution known from the prior art (Wit 1).

The decrease in the cured slope angle in the zones of the point (zone A, zone B, zone C) was achieved by increasing the distances from the point of the point of the claimed equalizing joint to the plane of its cross section at the end of each of the zones described above.

It should be noted that the values for zone G cannot be calculated, since this section does not have a slope angle.

In addition, to confirm the dependence of the vertical force on the angle of inclination, calculations were also carried out on an electronic computer (hereinafter referred to as a computer) using the Simpack software package (hereinafter referred to as PC Simpack).

Thus, with the help of the above PC, it was possible to obtain the calculated values of the vertical and lateral forces, as well as the stresses in the contact patch of the wit, which are given in tables 2 and 3.

At the same time, it should be noted that the experiments performed, simulating the possibility of rolling a wheel from a movable frame rail to a sharp point in Simpack PC, give the values of forces and stresses along the entire length of the segments, that is, since the wheel interacts gradually between the rail and the point when rolling, the value will be determining at once for several zones.

Thus, the obtained force values will characterize the moment when the wheel begins to roll from the movable rail to the wit (respectively, these are zones A, B, C) and the moment when the wheel completely rolls from the movable rail to the wit (and is completely on the wit) - respectively, this zone G.

The analysis of the results obtained indicates that the wit 2, the technical solution of the claimed utility model, experiences lower forces of both vertical and lateral forces in all areas of the wit zones of the equalizing joint, which also made it possible to reduce the stress on the wit.

In addition, it should be noted that although it is not possible to calculate the value of the angle of inclination in section G (see above), however, since the values of the forces in zones A, B, C of the wit were smaller compared to the forces acting on the wit of the prior art , but the values during the transition to the G zone also decreased, which can be explained by the general cumulative effect of the reduction in the acting forces and stresses along the entire length of the equalizing joint blade.

Accordingly, in the claimed utility model, a smoother entry of the rolling stock to the leveling joint will be provided by reducing the angle of impact of its wheel into the point, which will ensure greater durability of the structure, by reducing contact stresses and plastic deformations in the contact zone of the wheels of the rolling stock and the leveling point. joint.

Thus, the constructive implementation of the proposed utility model, namely the surge joint, made it possible to increase the durability of the surge joint by reducing the gradient of dynamic effects from the rolling stock on its structural elements by increasing the length of the blade.

Claims (1)

An equalizing joint containing a movable frame rail and a blade located on linings and attached to the base with fasteners, while the movable frame rail and the blade are limited on the sides by stops, and the movable frame rail has the ability to move longitudinally relative to the blade, characterized in that the distances from the points of the wit to the planes of its cross section, in which the width of the heads is 5 mm, 20 mm, 50 mm and 68.4 mm, will be equal to 930 mm, 2558 mm, 4450 mm, 5322 mm, respectively.

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