RU218427U1 - DEVICE FOR MANUFACTURING THREE-DIMENSIONAL OBJECTS - Google Patents

Abstract

The present utility model relates to additive manufacturing, more specifically to devices for manufacturing three-dimensional objects. The device for the manufacture of three-dimensional objects contains a base substrate assembled into a single structure for the formation of three-dimensional objects, an energy source for the formation of a melt bath on the specified substrate, a means for supplying the starting material intended for the layer-by-layer production of three-dimensional objects into the melting zone, a sealed working chamber, a vacuum system, control system to monitor and control the working conditions of all units of the system. An electron-optical system is used as an energy source for forming a melt pool on the specified substrate, in which three hot-cathode electron-beam guns are used using separate electron beams converging in one melt zone with an accelerating voltage not exceeding 10 kV, combined in a single cooled housing with a channel for supplying the source material, a gantry manipulator is used to move the energy source and the means for supplying the source material.

Description

The present utility model relates to additive manufacturing, more specifically to devices for manufacturing three-dimensional objects.

A method is known for the additive production of products from titanium alloys with a functional gradient structure (RF patent 2725537, B23K 15/00, B33Y 10/00, B33Y 70/10, publ. 02.07.2020). Blanks are obtained by additive electron beam shaping from titanium and nickel wire. The use of the invention makes it possible to improve the quality of blanks from nitinol, to reduce the number of undesirable phases and microheterogeneity (fluctuations) of the chemical composition, while increasing the uniformity of the chemical composition of the deposited material and the stability of the properties of the resulting blanks.

A known method of additive production of products from high-strength aluminum alloys with a functional gradient structure (RF patent 2721109, B23K 15/00, B23K 26/342, B23K 9/04, C23C 4/12, B82B 3/00, C22C 21/00, publ. May 15, 2020). A part of the product is made by feeding at least two wires into a melt bath, melting them by high-energy action of an electron beam with a change in the feed rate of at least one of the wires. At least one solid wire is used, made of a high-strength aluminum alloy, and one flux-cored wire, consisting of a sheath made of the material of at least one solid wire, and a filler in the form of nanosized particles matched by the crystal lattice parameter with a high-strength aluminum alloy. The feeding of solid wires is carried out with a change in the feed rate of at least one of them and a constant feed rate of the flux-cored wire. EFFECT: expanding the range of application of additive technologies in the production of products from high-strength aluminum alloys.

There is a known method for the additive production of products from titanium alloys with a functional gradient structure (RF patent 2700439, B22F 3/105, B33Y 70/00, B33Y 10/00, C22C 1/05, C22C 14/00, publ. 17.09.2019 ). The method includes manufacturing at least a part of the product by feeding the first wire and the second wire into the melt bath, allowing melting by the high energy action of the electron beam. The wire feed is carried out with a change in the feed rate of at least one of the said wires. The angle of inclination of the supply of the first wire into the molten bath is from 20° to 50°, and the angle of inclination of the supply of the second wire into the molten bath is from 20° to 60°. A solid titanium alloy wire is used as the first wire, and a flux-cored wire is used as the second wire, consisting of a sheath made of a solid wire material and a filler in the form of a powder of metal carbides or borides, or a mixture thereof with an average particle size of 2 μm or more. up to 180 microns. High hardness and wear resistance of products are ensured due to the minimum number of compositional inhomogeneities, gas porosity, defective boundary zones and extended phase boundaries.

In the given analogues, the material (wire) is fed at an angle to the electron beam, the angle of inclination of the material supply with respect to the horizontal plane remains constant, the angle with respect to the direction of motion changes. This creates different conditions for melting and the formation of a melt pool, respectively, the growth rate of the part will be different for different directions. Also, the disadvantages include the large dimensions of the assembly (print head).

A known method and system for manufacturing three-dimensional objects (US patent 10695835 B2, B29C 64/20, B22F 3/105, publ. 06/30/2020), selected as a prototype. The invention relates to additive manufacturing, more specifically to methods and systems for manufacturing three-dimensional objects by layered deposition of a starting material on a moving substrate, where the starting material is fed into the deposition zone on the substrate, melted there by an electron beam, and then solidifies upon leaving the heating zone, in resulting in the formation of a deposited layer of material.

The disadvantages of the prototype are the presence of a plasma gas (hydrogen), the regulation of the power of the electron beam by the pressure of the plasma gas in the cathode region of the electron gun, the low focusing properties of the selected type of electron beam gun, and the large dimensions of the assembly (print head).

The purpose of this utility model is to develop a system that enables easier and less expensive fabrication of three-dimensional objects through layer-by-layer deposition of the starting material, provides better controllability of the deposition process, which leads to higher quality of the parts produced, expands the possibilities of using various types of starting materials, and also provides safer working conditions for maintenance personnel, to provide an opportunity to create more compact, lighter, lighter and cheaper equipment for the manufacture of three-dimensional objects.

The technical result consists in increasing the uniformity of the chemical composition of the deposited material, increasing the stability of the properties of the resulting workpieces. Aligning the growth rates of 3D objects in different directions of movement of the table or "printing device", lowering the temperature in the melt bath.

The problem is solved by the fact that the device for the manufacture of three-dimensional objects contains a base substrate assembled into a single structure for the formation of three-dimensional objects, an energy source for the formation of a melt pool on the specified substrate, a means for supplying the starting material intended for the layer-by-layer production of three-dimensional objects into the melting zone, sealed a working chamber, a vacuum system, a control system for monitoring and controlling the working conditions of all units of the system. An electron-optical system is used as an energy source for forming a melt pool on the specified substrate, in which three thermal cathode electron-beam guns are used using separate electron beams converging in one melt zone with an accelerating voltage not exceeding 10 kV, combined in a single cooled housing with a channel for supplying the source material, a gantry manipulator is used to move the energy source and the means for supplying the source material. The basis for assembling the device is a sealed working chamber. The base plate is bolted to the camera base. The vacuum system is connected to the chamber through an ISO630 flange using a bolted connection. The power source and the source material supply means will be bolted to the manipulator. The manipulator is bolted to the walls of the working chamber. The control system is connected to other structural elements (base substrate, energy source, material supply, non-hermetic vacuum chamber, vacuum system) with detachable electrical connectors. An electron-optical system is used as an energy source for forming a melt bath on said substrate, in which each electron beam is formed by an independent electron-beam gun with an accelerating voltage not exceeding 10 kV. The optical axis of each electron beam gun is parallel to the central axis of the means for supplying the source material.

The claimed utility model contains deflecting coils for each electron beam gun to ensure convergence of electron beams in one melt zone. The electron beam gun contains an electron source in the form of a disk cathode with a diameter of 3 to 6 mm made of tantalum or tungsten-rhenium alloy in a ratio of 73/27 wt.%, respectively.

The cathode part of the electron-beam gun is made as a non-separable part, consisting of a high-voltage disk-shaped ceramic insulator in the form of a disk with a thickness of at least 8 mm, a heater, a cathode, and a control electrode. Metal wire up to 3 mm in diameter or round metal bars up to 10 mm in diameter can be used as starting material.

Figure 1 shows a device for the manufacture of three-dimensional objects. The device contains a working table 1, an electron beam gun with a material feeder 2, a vacuum chamber 3, a vacuum system 4, a portal manipulator 5, a control system 6.

On figa shows an electron beam gun. The cathode-beam gun contains a high-voltage disk ceramic insulator 7, a cathode 8, a heater 9, a control electrode 10, an anode 11, deflecting coils 12, a screen 13, a material supply nozzle 14, a connection fitting for the material feeder 15.

On figb shows the cathode part of the electron beam gun.

An example of the operation of the claimed device for the manufacture of three-dimensional objects is shown below.

A wire material with a diameter of 3 mm from the VT6 alloy was used as the starting material. The products were formed on a B6 alloy substrate. The material was fed at a right angle to the substrate. The following process parameters were used to form the product: power 1800 W (accelerating beam voltage 10 kV; total current of all three electron guns 180 mA). The product was grown simultaneously by feeding the material and moving the electron-beam gun with the material feeder by the portal manipulator along the X, Y, Z axes. The base substrate remains in a stationary state. The product was grown in layers. During the growth process, the molten bath is formed by three electron beams (beams) converging in the molten bath.

Claims (6)

1. A device for the manufacture of three-dimensional objects, containing an energy source for forming a melt pool on a base substrate for forming three-dimensional objects, characterized in that an electron-optical system is used as an energy source for forming a melt pool on the specified substrate, in which three thermal cathode electron beams are used. -beam guns using separate electron beams converging in one melt zone with an accelerating voltage not exceeding 10 kV, combined in a single cooled housing with a channel for supplying the source material, a portal manipulator is used to move the energy source and the means of supplying the source material. 2. Device according to claim 1, characterized in that the optical axis of each electron beam gun is parallel to the central axis of the means for supplying the source material. 3. The device according to claim 1, characterized in that it contains deflecting coils for each electron beam gun to ensure the convergence of electron beams in one zone of the melt. 4. The device according to claim 1, characterized in that the electron beam gun contains an electron source in the form of a disk cathode with a diameter of 3 to 6 mm made of tantalum or tungsten-rhenium alloy in a ratio of 73/27 wt.%, respectively. 5. The device according to claim 1, characterized in that the cathode part of the electron beam gun is made of an integral part, consisting of a high-voltage disk-shaped ceramic insulator in the form of a disk with a thickness of at least 8 mm, a heater, a cathode and a control electrode. 6. The device according to claim 1, characterized in that metal wire with a diameter of up to 3 mm or metal rods of round cross section with a diameter of up to 10 mm can be used as the starting material.

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