RU2181756C1 - Method for obtaining cedar oil and cedar flour having taste and odor - Google Patents

Abstract

FIELD: fat- and-oil, food-processing, medical industry and cosmetics. SUBSTANCE: method involves treating cedar nut with hexane at boiling temperature for 0.5-1 hour; grinding and extracting at boiling temperature, with volumetric nut to solvent ratio ranging between 1:1 and 1:2; discharging solvent for obtaining cedar oil and cedar cake; additionally grinding cedar oil cake and sieving on flour sieve for obtaining cedar flour. EFFECT: simplified method, wider range of use and improved quality of product. 2 ex

Description

 The invention relates to the food, medical and cosmetic industries and can be used to produce high-quality vegetable oil and cedar flour.

 A known method of producing cedar oil, which consists in extracting crushed pine nuts with hexane (or ether, or gasoline, or alcohol) in a Soxhlet apparatus with a volume ratio of nuts to solvent from 1: 0.8 to 1: 3, followed by removal of the solvent (RF patent 2096443, 1995, IPC 6 C 11 V 1/10). In the known method receive odorless cedar oil with the taste of anonymous oil.

 The disadvantage of this method is that it involves obtaining only cedar oil, and the remaining components containing a significant amount of nutrients are not used at all. In addition, in its industrial application, it is possible to obtain cedar oil of low quality due to the ingress of various resins and bitter substances contained in the weed impurity (scales from the bump), bark, mold, with an organic admixture of walnut.

 A known method of obtaining vegetable oil and food protein product such as flour (RF patent 2057794, 1992, IPC 6 11 V 1/06, A 23 L 1/10), including cleaning pine nuts from weed impurities, size calibration per fraction , collapse, separation of the kernel from the husk, followed by oil separation by pressing to obtain a food protein product such as flour.

 The disadvantages of this method are: the difficulty of peeling pine nuts and the insufficient completeness of extraction of pine nut oil by pressing.

 The aim of the present invention is to provide high-quality cedar oil by preventing the ingress of undesirable impurities (resins, bitter substances, etc.) that reduce the quality of the resulting product in the industrial production of cedar oil by the extraction method of unbroken cedar nuts, and the development of a non-waste technology for producing cedar flour with high consumer characteristics.

 This goal is achieved in that in the first stage, pine nuts immediately before extraction are treated (washed) with hexane at a boiling point of the solvent for 0.5-1 hours. At the same time, hexane removes substances that reduce the quality of the target product from the surface of the nut and weeds, while affecting the kernel, protected by a dense shell. After grinding, the treated pine nuts are subjected to extraction with hexane at a volume ratio of pine nuts: solvent from 1: 1 - 1: 2 at a boiling point of the solvent for 2-4 hours, followed by removal of hexane under vacuum. Get cedar oil and a post-extraction residue (cedar meal), from which the solvent is completely removed. At the second stage, cedar meal is ground and fractions are sorted. Grinding is carried out on a roll crusher with a gap between the rolls of 1.3-1.5 mm, sorting of fractions on a sieve with a hole diameter of 1 mm. Get cedar flour (yield 18-25%) and a solid residue.

 The inventive method differs from the known one in that in the first stage, pine nuts are pretreated with hexane before grinding for extraction and cedar flour is obtained in the second stage.

The method of obtaining products from pine nuts is as follows. Pine nuts with a moisture content of 12-22% are washed with hexane at a boiling point of the solvent for 0.5-1 hours, crushed once on a roller crusher with a gap between the rolls of 1.8-2 mm and extracted with hexane at a volume ratio of pine nut: solvent from 1 : 1 to 1: 2 and the boiling point of the extractant for 2-4 hours to obtain a cedar oil extract. Removal of hexane residues is carried out in a vacuum evaporation apparatus at a temperature of not more than 60 ^o C and a residual pressure of 10 mm RT. Art. The yield of extractive substances is 22-31%. Get cedar oil, which is a golden yellow oily liquid with a nutty smell and a pleasant taste characteristic of cedar oil. Insoluble in water, slightly soluble in alcohol, easily soluble in hexane, ether, gasoline. It contains moisture and volatile substances of not more than 0.15%, non-greasy impurities are absent; color number, mg iodine, not more than 25, acid number mg KOH / g not more than 4.0; peroxide value, mmol of active oxygen / kg, not more than 5.5; flash point, ^o С, no more than 225; refractive index at 20 ^{° C.} 1.4707-1.4898; density at 20 ^{° C.} 0.926-0.933, saponification number, mg KOH / g 197-256, iodine number, g I / 100 g 142-166.

 Cedar oil is rich in fat-soluble vitamins, unsaturated fatty acids (linoleic and linolenic), has high taste and is easily absorbed by the body.

Cedar flour is a fine powder of light gray color with darker inclusions, with a delicate nutty smell and a pleasant sweetish taste characteristic of cedar flour. It contains:
mass fraction of moisture and volatile substances - not more than 10%;
mass fraction of crude ash, calculated on absolutely dry matter - not more than 7.5%;
mass fraction of ash insoluble in hydrochloric acid in terms of absolutely dry matter - not more than 0.5%;
mass fraction of crude protein in terms of absolutely dry matter - not less than 55%;
mass fraction of crude fat in terms of dry matter - not more than 6%;
mass fraction of crude fiber in terms of dry fat-free substance - not more than 7.5%;
mass fraction of the residual amount of solvent (hexane) - not more than 0.05%.

Example 1. 80 kg of pine nuts with a moisture content of 18% are washed with hexane at a boiling point for 1 h, crushed on a roller crusher with a gap between rolls of 1.8 mm and extracted with hexane in an Sokslet apparatus type extraction unit with a volume ratio of pine nuts: solvent 1: 1, at the boiling point of the solvent for 3 hours (1 stage). The solvent is removed under vacuum in a vacuum evaporator at a temperature of 55 ^o C and a residual pressure of 10 mm RT. Art. Get cedar oil (18.2 kg) - 22.5%.

 Cedar oil is a golden yellow oily liquid with a nutty smell, pleasant taste, insoluble in water, slightly soluble in alcohol, easily soluble in hexane, ether, gasoline.

Contains:
Moisture and volatiles - 0.07%;
Color number, mg of iodine - 22;
Acid number, mg KOH - 2.43;
Peroxide value, mmol / kg - 5.2;
Iodine number, g I / 100 g - 147;
Density at 20 ^o С - 0.926;
The refractive index at 20 ^o With - 1.4769
The number of saponification, mg KOH / g - 251.

 The post-extraction residue - cedar meal - is crushed on a roller mill with a gap between the rollers of 1.3 mm, separated on a sieve, taking a fraction with a particle diameter of not more than 1 mm. Get cedar flour (15.1 kg) - 18.9%. Cedar flour is a fine powder of light gray color with darker inclusions with a subtle nutty smell and a pleasant sweetish taste.

It contains:
mass fraction of moisture and volatile substances - 9.3%;
mass fraction of crude ash, calculated on absolutely dry matter - 6.7%;
mass fraction of ash insoluble in hydrochloric acid in terms of absolutely dry matter - 0.5%;
mass fraction of crude protein in terms of absolutely dry matter - 61.3%;
mass fraction of crude fat in terms of dry matter - 5.6%;
mass fraction of crude fiber in terms of dry fat-free substance - 6.8%;
mass fraction of residual solvent (hexane) - not detected.

 Example 2. The process described in example 1 is repeated, only pine nuts are taken with a moisture content of 12%. Get cedar oil (22.5 kg) - 28.1% and cedar flour (15.4 kg) - 19.3%.

The resulting cedar oil has the following indicators:
Moisture and volatiles - 0.11%;
Color number, mg of iodine - 24;
Acid number, mg KOH - 1.56;
Peroxide value, mmol / kg - 5.5;
Iodine number, g I / 100 g - 144;
Density at 20 ^o С - 0.924
The refractive index at 20 ^o With - 1.4728
The number of saponification, mg KOH / g - 237.

Received cedar flour has the following indicators:
mass fraction of moisture and volatile substances - 9.8%;
mass fraction of crude ash, calculated on absolutely dry matter - 6.9%;
mass fraction of ash insoluble in hydrochloric acid in terms of absolutely dry matter - 0.5%;
mass fraction of crude protein in terms of absolutely dry matter - 60.4%;
mass fraction of crude fat in terms of dry matter - 5.2%;
mass fraction of crude fiber in terms of dry fat-free substance - 7.3%;
mass fraction of residual solvent (hexane) - not detected.

 The developed method allows to obtain high-quality cedar oil with a high yield and content of biologically active substances and edible cedar flour, which has high consumer characteristics, is available for industry.

Claims (1)

 A method of producing cedar oil and cedar flour with taste and odor, comprising pre-treating cedar nuts with hexane at a boiling point of the solvent for 0.5-1 hours, grinding and subsequent extraction with hexane at a volume ratio of pine nut: solvent 1: 1 - 1: 2 at the boiling point of the solvent for 2-4 hours, after which the hexane is removed in vacuo to isolate cedar oil, and the post-extraction residue is further crushed and sorted.