RU2181672C2 - Ground fault detector in traction network of electrified transport (alternatives) - Google Patents

Abstract

FIELD: electrified transport power supply systems. SUBSTANCE: device has transducer measuring total current of contact system feeders in particular power circuit and voltage sensor in first substation. There are transducer measuring total current of contact system feeders in same circuit and voltage sensor in second substation, as well as first adder and recording unit. According to first alternative, device has current sensor for faulty contact system and multifunction phase angle converter, adders, and also first, second, third, fourth, and fifth multifunction converters and function converter. According to second alternative, it has in addition sixth multifunction converter and second recording unit for locating ground fault. EFFECT: enhanced precision of ground fault detection. 2 cl, 4 dwg

Description

 The invention relates to electrified on alternating current transport and can be used in traction power supply systems to determine the location of a short circuit.

 In the first embodiment, current and voltage sensors are installed at adjacent traction substations. There are a registration unit, phase angle sensors, adders, phase angle converters, functional and five multifunction converters. The fifth multifunction converter is capable of generating an output signal characterizing the distance from one substation to a short circuit point, implementing the corresponding computational algorithm, depending on the currents and phase angles of the first and second substations, signals generated by phase angle converters, first, second, third and fourth multifunction converters. In the feedback circuit between the fifth and first, as well as the second multifunctional converters, a functional converter is included that takes into account the shunting effect of the earth. The technical result consists in increasing the accuracy of determining the distance to the place of a short circuit.

 In the second embodiment, current and voltage sensors are installed. There are two recording units, phase angle sensors, adders, phase angle converters, functional and six multifunction converters. The fifth multifunction converter is configured to generate an output signal characterizing the distance from one of the substations to the short circuit point, and the sixth multifunction converter is configured to generate an output signal characterizing the resistance of a short circuit, implementing the corresponding computational algorithm depending on currents, voltages, and phase angles of the first and second substations, signals generated by phase angle converters, first, second nd, third and fourth multifunctional transducers. The technical result consists in increasing the accuracy of determining the distance to the place of a short circuit and in assessing the nature of this damage.

1st option
The invention relates to electrified on alternating current transport and can be used in traction power supply systems to determine the location of a short circuit of a contact network.

 A device for determining the location of a short circuit in the contact network of railways of alternating current [1]. It contains a current sensor, a voltage sensor, a division unit and a registration unit. In case of a short circuit, the current sensor detects the current I, the voltage sensor detects the voltage U, the division unit performs the operation Z = U / I, and the registration unit records the result of the division Z, the value of which judges the remoteness of the short circuit location.

 Other designs of such devices and the principles of their operation, based on the determination of the same value of Z, are described in [2]. All of them have the same disadvantages arising from the fact that in fact between the value of Z and the distance to the place of damage in many cases there is no direct relationship. A particularly large error is introduced by the resistance of the electric arc in the place of a short circuit. For this reason, an error in determining the distance to the short circuit location by the value of Z can reach 4 km or more, which makes the use of the device meaningless.

More accurate results can be obtained by simultaneous two-sided measurements of the emergency mode parameters from two adjacent substations A and B. A device [3] for determining the location of damage is known, which contains a total current sensor I _{A of the} feeders of this supply arm and a voltage sensor U _A at the first substation A , the total current sensor I _{B of the} feeders of the same supply arm and the voltage sensor U _B at the second substation B, as well as summation, division and registration units. The device at substations records the values Z _A = U _A / I _A and Z _B = U _B / I _B. Then it calculates the value of Z _A / (Z _A + Z _B ) or Z _B / (Z _A + Z _B ), which are fixed in the registration unit. Based on these values, the remoteness of the place of damage on the contact network is judged. The device [3] is adopted as a prototype.

The device properties are described in [4]. Based on his analysis [4], it follows that the dependences Z _A / (Z _A + Z _B ) and Z _B / (Z _A + Z _B ) in some areas nonlinearly depend on the distance to the place of damage. Because of this, and also because of the influence of the electric arc in the place of a short circuit, the error of the device can reach 2 km or more [5].

 The technical result of the invention is to increase the accuracy of determining the distance to the short circuit in the contact network.

второй многофункциональный преобразователь фазового угла формирует выходной сигнал ψ_B, реализуя вычислительный алгоритм в виде выражения

первый сумматор формирует выходной сигнал α₁, реализуя вычислительный алгоритм в виде выражения α₁ = φ₁+ψ_A, второй сумматор формирует выходной сигнал α_A, реализуя вычислительный алгоритм в виде выражения α_A = φ_A+ψ_A, третий сумматор формирует выходной сигнал α_B, реализуя вычислительный алгоритм в виде выражения α_B = φ_B+ψ_B, первый многофункциональный преобразователь формирует выходной сигнал М, реализуя вычислительный алгоритм в виде выражения

второй многофункциональный преобразователь формирует выходной сигнал

реализуя вычислительный алгоритм в виде выражения

третий многофункциональный преобразователь формирует выходной сигнал I_к, реализуя вычислительный алгоритм в виде выражения

четвертый многофункциональный преобразователь формирует выходной сигнал α_к, реализуя вычислительный алгоритм в виде выражения

пятый многофункциональный преобразователь формирует выходной сигнал l_к, реализуя вычислительный алгоритм в виде выражения

где z_вс, x_вс - полное индуктивно развязанное сопротивление взаимной индуктивной связи контактных сетей смежных путей и его индуктивная составляющая на длине 1 км;
z_с - полное индуктивно развязанное сопротивление контактной сети одного пути на длине 1 км;
z_р, r_p, x_p - полное индуктивно развязанное сопротивление рельсовой цепи и его активная и индуктивная составляющие на длине 1 км;
Z_пА, Z_пВ - сопротивления соответственно первой и второй подстанций;

фазовый угол (аргумент) полного сопротивления z_с-z_вс;
ν - коэффициент, учитывающий снижение сопротивления рельсовой цепи за счет шунтирующего влияния земли;
l_к - выходной сигнал, характеризующий расстояние от первой подстанции до места короткого замыкания.The technical result is achieved by the fact that a device for determining the distance of a short circuit in a traction network of an electrified vehicle, comprising a current sensor I _A measuring the total current of the feeders of the contact network of a given power arm, and a voltage sensor U _A at the first substation, a current sensor I _B measuring the total current of the feeders of the contact network of the same supply arm, and the voltage sensor U _B at the second substation, as well as the first adder and the registration unit, are additionally equipped with a current sensor I ' _{1 of the} feeder of the damaged circuit active network, phase angle sensors φ ₁ and φ _A , respectively, the first multifunction phase angle converter and the second adder at the first substation, the phase angle sensor φ _B , the second multifunction phase angle converter and the third adder at the second substation, as well as the first, second, third , the fourth and fifth multifunction converters and a functional converter, and the output of the current sensor I ' _{1 is} connected to the first input of the phase angle sensor φ ₁ , the second input of the first and third input to of multifunction converters, the output of the current sensor I _{A is} connected to the first input of the phase angle sensor φ _A , to the first input of the first multifunction phase angle converter, the fourth input of the first, fifth input of the second, the first input of the third and second input of the fourth multifunction converters, the output of the voltage sensor U _{A is} connected to the second inputs of the phase angle sensor φ ₁ , the phase angle sensor φ _A and the first multifunction phase angle converter, respectively, and to the third input of the fifth multifunction converter, the output of the current sensor I _{B is} connected to the first inputs of the phase angle sensors φ _B and the second multifunction phase angle sensor, to the third input of the third and fourth input of the fourth multifunction converters, the output of the voltage sensor U _{B is} connected to the second inputs of the phase angle sensor φ _B and the second multifunction phase angle converter, the output of the phase angle sensor φ _{1 is} connected to the first input of the first adder, second the first input of which is connected to the output of the first multifunction phase angle converter, and the output is of the third input of the first and fourth input of the second multifunction converters, the output of the phase angle sensor φ _{A is} connected to the first input of the second adder, the second input of which is connected to the output of the first multifunction phase angle converter and the fourth input of the fifth multifunction converter, and the output is connected to the fifth input of the first, sixth input of the second, second input of the third and third the input of the fourth multifunction converters, the output of the phase angle sensor φ _{B is} connected to the first input of the third adder, the second input of which is connected to the output of the second multifunction converter of the phase angle, and the output is connected to the fourth input of the third and fifth input of the fourth multifunction converters, the output of the first multifunction converter is connected to the first inputs of the second and fifth multifunction converters, respectively, the output of the second multifunction converter The device is connected to the second input of the fifth multifunction converter, to the sixth input of which the output of the third and first inputs of the fourth are connected, and the output of the fourth multifunction converters is connected to the fifth input, and the output is connected to the recording unit and through the functional converter to the first input of the first and second input of the second multifunctional transducers, the first multi-phase angle converter generates an output signal ψ _a, implementing the computational algorithm expressed in the form eniya

the second multifunctional phase angle converter generates an output signal ψ _B , realizing a computational algorithm in the form of an expression

the first adder generates the output signal α ₁ , implementing the computational algorithm in the form of the expression α ₁ = φ ₁ + ψ _A , the second adder generates the output signal α _A , realizing the computational algorithm in the form of the expression α _A = φ _A + ψ _A , the third adder generates the output the signal α _B , implementing the computational algorithm in the form of the expression α _B = φ _B + ψ _B , the first multifunction converter generates the output signal M, realizing the computational algorithm in the form of the expression

a second multifunction converter generates an output signal

implementing a computational algorithm in the form of an expression

the third multifunction converter generates an output signal I _k , realizing a computational algorithm in the form of an expression

the fourth multifunction converter generates an output signal α _k , realizing a computational algorithm in the form of an expression

the fifth multifunction converter generates an output signal l _k , realizing a computational algorithm in the form of an expression

where z _sun , x _sun - full inductively decoupled resistance of mutual inductive coupling of contact networks of adjacent paths and its inductive component over a length of 1 km;
z _с - full inductively decoupled resistance of the contact network of one path over a length of 1 km;
z _p , r _p , x _p - full inductively decoupled resistance of the rail circuit and its active and inductive components over a length of 1 km;
Z _pA , Z _pV - resistances of the first and second substations, respectively;

phase angle (argument) of the impedance z _with -z _sun ;
ν - coefficient taking into account the decrease in the resistance of the rail circuit due to the shunting effect of the earth;
l _to - output signal characterizing the distance from the first substation to the place of short circuit.

 The invention is illustrated by the diagrams and vector diagram shown in FIG. 1, FIG. 3, FIG. 4. In FIG. 1 shows a block diagram of a device corresponding to paragraph 1 of the claims. The power circuit and its equivalent circuit shown in FIG. 3, as well as the vector diagram depicted in FIG. 4, serve to prove (justify) the performance and the stated objectives of the invention.

The structural diagram of the device (Fig. 1) contains:
1 - current sensor I ' ₁ feeder of a damaged contact network installed in the first substation (UA1);
2 - a sensor measuring the total current I _{A of} all feeders of a given power arm at the first substation (UA2);
3 - voltage sensor U _A at the first substation (UV1);
4 - a sensor that measures the total current I _{B of} all feeders of the same power arm at the second substation (UA3);
5 - voltage sensor U _B at the second substation (UV2);
6 - phase angle sensor φ _{1 of the} current I ' ₁ at the first substation (Uφ1);
7 - phase angle sensor φ _{A of} current I _A at the first substation (Uφ2);
8 - phase angle sensor φ _B current I _{B of the} second substation (Uφ3);
9, 10 - respectively, the first (UCψ1) and second (UCψ2) multifunction phase-angle converters;
11, 12, 13 - respectively, the first (SM1), second (SM2) and third (SM3) adders;
14, 15, 16, 17, 18 - respectively, the first (UC1), second (UC2), third (UC3), fourth (UC4) and fifth (UC5) multifunction converters;
19 - functional converter (US);
20 is a first registration unit (HS1).

 Elements 2, 3, 4, 5 and 20 are used in the prototype [3]. The remaining elements and the relationships between them are new.

 Elements 1, 2, 3, 6 and 7 are installed at the first substation. Elements 4, 5 and 8 are installed in the second substation.

 The remaining elements of the structural diagram can be installed both at any of the substations, and at the energy control center. The transmission of signals from sensors 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7 and 8 to the remaining elements of the circuit (when placing the sensors and other elements at different geographically remote objects) is carried out in the usual (known) way using telemechanics (telemetry) systems, for example, [6]. Since such a signal transmission is known, in the application or scheme of FIG. 1 it is not specifically allocated and not limited.

 The output of the current sensor 1 is connected to the first input of the phase angle sensor 6, the second input of the first 14 and the third input of the second 15 multifunction converters. The output of the current sensor 2 is connected to the first input of the phase angle sensor 7, the first input of the multifunction phase angle converter 9, the fourth input of the first 14, the fifth input of the second 15, the first input of the third 16 and the second input of the fourth 17 multifunction converters. The output of the voltage sensor 3 is connected to the second inputs of the phase angle sensors 6 and 7 and to the third input of the fifth multifunction converter 18.

 The output of the phase angle sensor 6 is connected to the first input of the adder 11, the output of the phase angle sensor 7 is connected to the first input of the adder 12, and the second inputs of the adders 11 and 12 are connected to the output of the multifunction converter of the phase angle 9, to which the fourth input of the fifth multifunction converter 18 is also connected The output of the adder 11 is connected to the third input of the first 14 and the fourth input of the second 15, and the output of the adder 12 is connected to the fifth input of the first 14, the sixth input of the second 15, the second input of the third 16 and the third input h Fourth to 17 multifunction converters.

 The output of the current sensor 4 is connected to the first input of the phase angle sensor 8, to the first input of the multifunction converter of the phase angle 10, to the fourth input of the third 16 and the fifth input of the fourth 17 multifunction converters. The output of the phase 8 sensor is connected to the first input of the adder 13, to the second input of which the output of the multifunction phase converter 10 is connected. The output of the adder 13 is connected to the fourth input of the third 16 and the fifth input of the fourth 17 multifunction converters.

 The output of the first multifunction converter 14 is connected to the first input of the second multifunction converter 15 and to the first input of the fifth multifunction converter 18, to the second input of which the output of the second 15 is connected, the output of the fourth 17 is connected to the fifth input, and the output of the third 16 multifunction converters is connected to the sixth input.

 The output of the fifth multifunction converter 18 is connected to the registration unit 20 and through the functional converter 19 to the first input of the first 14 and the second input of the second 15 multifunction converters.

Current sensors 2 and 4 record, respectively, at the first and second substations, the total currents I _A and I _{B of the} feeders of the contact network of this supply arm. Current sensor 1 detects the current I ' _{1 of the} damaged contact network at the first substation. Voltage sensors 3 and 5 record the voltages U _A and U _B, respectively, at the first and second substations. The phase angle sensors 6, 7 and 8 detect the phase angles φ ₁ , φ _A , and φ _B, respectively, between voltage U _A and current I ' ₁ , as well as voltage U _A and current I _{A of the} first substation and voltage U _B and current I _B second substation.

где Z_пА - сопротивление первой подстанции.The first multifunctional phase angle converter 9 generates a signal ψ _A at the output, realizing a computational algorithm in the form of an expression

where Z _pA is the resistance of the first substation.

где Z_пВ - сопротивление второй подстанции.The second multifunctional phase angle converter 10 generates an output signal ψ _B , realizing a computational algorithm in the form of an expression

where Z _pV is the resistance of the second substation.

Первый многофункциональный преобразователь 14 формирует выходной сигнал М, реализуя вычислительный алгоритм в виде выражения

где z_c, x_c - известное полное индуктивно развязанное сопротивление контактной сети одного пути и его индуктивная составляющая на длине 1 км;
z_вс, x_вс - известное полное индуктивно развязанное сопротивление взаимной индуктивной связи контактных сетей смежных путей и его индуктивная составляющая на длине 1 км;
z_p, r_p, x_р - известное полное индуктивно развязанное сопротивление рельсовой цепи и его активная и индуктивная составляющие на длине 1 км;

известный фазовый угол (аргумент) полного сопротивления z_c-z_вс;
ν - коэффициент, учитывающий снижение сопротивления рельсовой цепи за счет шунтирующего влияния земли.Adders 11, 12, and 13 form the output signals α ₁ , α _A , α _B , respectively, by implementing computational algorithms in the form of expressions
α ₁ = φ ₁ + ψ _A , (3)
α _A = φ _A + ψ _A , (4)

The first multifunction converter 14 generates an output signal M, realizing a computational algorithm in the form of an expression

where z _c , x _c is the known total inductively decoupled resistance of the contact network of one path and its inductive component over a length of 1 km;
z _sun , x _sun - the known total inductively decoupled resistance of mutual inductive coupling of contact networks of adjacent paths and its inductive component over a length of 1 km;
z _p , r _p , x _p is the known total inductively decoupled resistance of the rail circuit and its active and inductive components over a length of 1 km;

known phase angle (argument) of the impedance z _c -z _sun ;
ν - coefficient taking into account the decrease in the resistance of the rail circuit due to the shunting effect of the earth.

Третий многофункциональный преобразователь 16 формирует выходной сигнал I_к, реализуя вычислительный алгоритм в виде выражения

Четвертый многофункциональный преобразователь формирует выходной сигнал α_к, реализуя вычислительный алгоритм в виде выражения

Пятый многофункциональный преобразователь 18 формирует выходной сигнал l_к, реализуя вычислительный алгоритм в виде выражения

Функциональный преобразователь 19 формирует зависимость между удаленностью l_к короткого замыкания и коэффициентом ν,, учитывающим шунтирующее влияние земли (утечку тока из рельсов в землю) на участке от первой подстанции до места короткого замыкания. На основании [7] такой функциональный преобразователь может реализовывать вычислительный алгоритм (или нелинейную зависимость) в виде выражения

где m - известная величина, зависящая от значения сопротивления контура рельсы-земля и высоты подвеса контактной сети;
γ - известный коэффициент распространения рельсовой цепи.The second multifunction converter 15 generates an output signal α _M , realizing a computational algorithm in the form of an expression

The third multifunction converter 16 generates an output signal I _k , realizing a computational algorithm in the form of an expression

The fourth multifunction converter generates an output signal α _k , realizing a computational algorithm in the form of an expression

The fifth multifunction converter 18 generates an output signal l _k , realizing a computational algorithm in the form of an expression

The functional converter 19 forms a relationship between the distance l _{to the} short circuit and the coefficient ν taking into account the shunting effect of the earth (current leakage from the rails to the ground) in the area from the first substation to the place of the short circuit. Based on [7], such a functional converter can implement a computational algorithm (or non-linear dependence) in the form of an expression

where m is the known value, depending on the resistance value of the rail-to-ground circuit and the height of the suspension of the contact network;
γ is a known rail chain propagation coefficient.

In order for the recording unit 18 to fix the distance l _to taking into account the actual value of the coefficient ν corresponding to this particular distance, the functional converter 19 is included in the feedback circuit of the first 14 and second 15 multifunction converters.

 The current sensors 1, 2 and 4 are carried out in a known manner on the basis of, for example, measuring current transformers. The voltage sensors 3 and 5 are performed in a known manner on the basis of, for example, voltage measuring transformers. The phase angle sensors 6, 7 and 8 are carried out in a known manner based on digital or analog phase meters [8].

 Functional and multifunctional converters 9, 10, 14, 15, 16, 17, 18 and 19 can be performed using analog [9] or digital microcircuits and microprocessor sets [10].

In the event of a short circuit in the contact network, current sensors 1, 2 and 4, voltage sensors 3 and 5, phase angle sensors 6, 7 and 8 fix emergency mode parameters I ' ₁ , I _A , I _B , U at the first and second substations _A , U _B , φ ₁ , φ _A , φ _B. Signals carrying information about the constant parameters of substations, traction network parameters and emergency mode parameters are supplied to the corresponding inputs of the adders, multifunctional and functional converters, which, according to the given algorithms (1) - (11), determine the distance of the short circuit l _to .

Achievable technical result (advantages compared to the prototype) is as follows:
- unambiguous and direct dependence of the desired distance l _to on the emergency mode parameters and the constant parameters of the traction network;
- the absence of the influence of arc resistance on the results of determining the distance l _to ;
- the absence of the effect of current leakage from the rails into the ground (shunting effect of the earth) on the results of determining l _to .

Calculations show that the main error in determining the distance l _to using this invention is caused by the fact that the voltages U _{A, xx} and U _{B, xx} may, in real conditions, not coincide in phase. However, as you know, the angle between them is small and does not exceed 2-3 degrees. The error in determining the distance l _k in this case is no more than 200-400 m, i.e. at least 5-10 times less than the prototype.

2nd option
The invention relates to electrified on alternating current transport and can be used in traction power supply systems to determine the distance and resistance of the arc (transition resistance) in the place of a short circuit.

 A device for determining the location of a short circuit in the contact network of railways of alternating current [1]. It contains a current sensor, a voltage sensor, a division unit and a registration unit. In the event of a short circuit, the current sensor detects the current I, the voltage sensor detects the voltage U, the division unit performs the operation Z = U / I, and the registration unit records the result of the division Z, the value of which judges the remoteness of the place of the short circuit.

 Other designs of such devices and the principles of their operation, based on the determination of the same value of Z, are described in [2]. All of them have the same disadvantages arising from the fact that in fact between the value of Z and the distance to the place of damage in many cases there is no direct relationship. A particularly large error is introduced by the resistance of the electric arc in the place of a short circuit. For this reason, an error in determining the distance to the short circuit location by the value of Z can reach 4 km or more, which makes the use of the device meaningless.

More accurate results can be obtained by simultaneous two-sided measurements of the emergency mode parameters from two adjacent substations A and B. A device [3] for determining the location of damage is known, which contains a total current sensor I _{A of the} feeders of this supply arm and a voltage sensor U _A at the first substation A , the total current sensor I _{B of the} feeders of the same supply arm and the voltage sensor U _B at the second substation B, as well as summation, division and registration units. The device at substations records the values Z _A = U _A / I _A and Z _B = U _B / I _B. Then it calculates the value of Z _A / (Z _A + Z _B ) or Z _B / (Z _A + Z _B ), which are fixed in the registration unit.

 Based on these values, the remoteness of the place of damage on the contact network is judged. The device [3] is adopted as a prototype.

The device properties are described in [4]. Based on his analysis [4], it follows that the dependences Z _A / (Z _A + Z _B ) and Z _B / (Z _A + Z _B ) in some areas nonlinearly depend on the distance to the place of damage. Because of this, and also because of the influence of the electric arc in the place of a short circuit, the error of the device can reach 2 km or more [5].

 None of the analogs can determine the resistance of the electric arc (transient resistance) in the place of a short circuit, which would make it possible to predict the nature of the damage.

 The technical result of the invention is to increase the accuracy of determining the distance to the short circuit and determining the arc resistance (transition resistance) in the place of damage on the contact network.

второй многофункциональный преобразователь фазового угла формирует выходной сигнал ψ_B, реализуя вычислительный алгоритм в виде выражения

первый сумматор формирует выходной сигнал α₁, реализуя вычислительный алгоритм в виде выражения α₁ = φ₁+ψ_A, второй сумматор формирует выходной сигнал α_A, реализуя вычислительный алгоритм в виде выражения α_A = φ_A+ψ_A, третий сумматор формирует выходной сигнал α_B, реализуя вычислительный алгоритм в виде выражения α_B = φ_B+ψ_B, первый многофункциональный преобразователь формирует выходной сигнал М, реализуя вычислительный алгоритм в виде выражения

второй многофункциональный преобразователь формирует выходной сигнал α_M, реализуя вычислительный алгоритм в виде выражения

третий многофункциональный преобразователь формирует выходной сигнал I_к, реализуя вычислительный алгоритм в виде выражения

четвертый многофункциональный преобразователь формирует выходной сигнал α_к, реализуя вычислительный алгоритм в виде выражения

пятый многофункциональный преобразователь формирует выходной сигнал l_к, характеризующий расстояние от первой подстанции до места короткого замыкания, реализуя вычислительный алгоритм в виде выражения

где R_д - сигнал, формируемый на выходе шестого многофункционального преобразователя и соответствующий сопротивлению места короткого замыкания, полученный путем реализации указанным преобразователем вычислительного алгоритма в виде выражения

z_вс, x_вс - полное индуктивно развязанное сопротивление взаимной индуктивной связи контактных сетей смежных путей и его индуктивная составляющая на длине 1 км;
z_с - полное индуктивно развязанное сопротивление контактной сети одного пути на длине 1 км;
z_р, r_p, x_р - полное индуктивно развязанное сопротивление рельсовой цепи и его активная и индуктивная составляющие на длине 1 км;
Z_пA, Z_пВ - сопротивления соответственно первой и второй подстанций;

фазовый угол (аргумент) полного сопротивления z_c-z_вс;
ν - коэффициент, учитывающий снижение сопротивления рельсовой цепи за счет шунтирующего влияния земли;
l_к - выходной сигнал, характеризующий расстояние от первой подстанции до места короткого замыкания.The technical result is achieved by the fact that a device for determining the distance of a short circuit in the traction network of an electrified vehicle, containing a current sensor I _A measuring the total current of the feeders of the contact network of a given power arm and a voltage sensor U _A at the first substation, a current sensor I _B measuring the total the current of the feeders of the contact network of the same supply arm and the voltage sensor U _B at the second substation, as well as the first adder and the registration unit, are additionally equipped with a current sensor I ' _{1 of the} feeder of the damaged circuit mains supply, phase angle sensors φ ₁ and φ _A , respectively, the first multifunction phase angle converter and the second adder at the first substation, the phase angle sensor φ _B , the second multifunction phase angle converter and the third adder at the second substation, as well as the first, second, third , fourth, fifth and sixth multifunctional transducers functional transducer and the second recording unit, wherein the sensor output current I _'1 is coupled to the first sensor input phase angle φ _1, the second y input of the first and the third input of the second multi-function converters, the current output of the sensor I _A is connected to the first sensor input phase angle φ _A, to the first input of the first multi-function converter phase angle to a fourth input of the first, fifth input of the second, the first input of the third and the second input of the fourth multifunction transducers, the output of the voltage sensor U _{A is} connected to the second inputs of the phase angle sensor φ ₁ of the phase angle sensor φ _A and the first multifunction converter phase angle, and to the third input of the fifth multifunction converter, the output of the current sensor I _{B is} connected to the first inputs of the phase angle sensor φ _B and the second multifunction phase angle converter, to the third input of the third and fourth input of the fourth multifunction converters, the output of the voltage sensor U _{B is} connected to the second entrances
respectively, the phase angle sensor φ _B and the second multifunction phase angle converter, the output of the phase angle sensor φ _{1 is} connected to the first input of the first adder, the second input of which is connected to the output of the first multifunction phase angle converter, and the output to the third input of the first and fourth input of the second multifunction converters , the sensor output of the phase angle φ _a is connected to the first input of the second adder, the second input of which is connected to the output of the first transformation multifunction STUDIO phase angle and the fourth input of the fifth multifunction converter, and an output coupled to a fifth input of the first, sixth input of the second, the second input of the third and the third input of the fourth multifunction transducer sensor output phase angle φ _B is connected to the first input of the third adder, the second input of which is connected to the output of the second multifunction phase angle converter, and the output to the fourth input of the third and fifth input of the fourth multifunction converters, the output of the first m multifunctional converter is connected to the first inputs of the second and fifth multifunctional converters, the output of the second multifunctional converter is connected to the second input of the fifth multifunctional converter, the output of the third and first input of the fourth is connected to the sixth input, and the output of the fourth multifunctional converters is connected to the fifth input, and the output is connected to the first registration unit and through the functional converter to the first input of the first and second input du second multifunctional transducers, wherein a first input of said multifunction converter connected to the output of the second multi-function converter, a second input connected to the output of the first multifunction inverter phase angle, the third input is connected to the voltage sensor output U _A, a fourth input connected to the output of the third and fifth input - to the output of the fourth multifunction converters, and its output is connected to the seventh input of the fifth multifunction converter and to the input of the second registration unit, while the multifunction phase angle converter generates an output signal ψ _A , implementing a computational algorithm in the form of an expression

the second multifunctional phase angle converter generates an output signal ψ _B , realizing a computational algorithm in the form of an expression

the first adder generates the output signal α ₁ , implementing the computational algorithm in the form of the expression α ₁ = φ ₁ + ψ _A , the second adder generates the output signal α _A , realizing the computational algorithm in the form of the expression α _A = φ _A + ψ _A , the third adder generates the output the signal α _B , realizing the computational algorithm in the form of the expression α _B = φ _B + ψ _B , the first multifunction converter generates the output signal M, realizing the computational algorithm in the form of the expression

the second multifunction converter generates an output signal α _M , realizing a computational algorithm in the form of an expression

the third multifunction converter generates an output signal I _k , realizing a computational algorithm in the form of an expression

the fourth multifunction converter generates an output signal α _k , realizing a computational algorithm in the form of an expression

the fifth multifunction converter generates an output signal l _k characterizing the distance from the first substation to the place of a short circuit, realizing a computational algorithm in the form of an expression

where R _d is the signal generated at the output of the sixth multifunction converter and corresponding to the resistance of the short circuit, obtained by the implementation of the specified converter computing algorithm in the form of the expression

z _sun , x _sun - full inductively decoupled resistance of mutual inductive coupling of contact networks of adjacent paths and its inductive component over a length of 1 km;
z _с - full inductively decoupled resistance of the contact network of one path over a length of 1 km;
z _p , r _p , x _p - full inductively decoupled resistance of the rail circuit and its active and inductive components over a length of 1 km;
_PA Z, Z _nB - the resistance of the first and second substations;

phase angle (argument) of the impedance z _c -z _sun ;
ν - coefficient taking into account the decrease in the resistance of the rail circuit due to the shunting effect of the earth;
l _to - output signal characterizing the distance from the first substation to the place of short circuit.

 The invention is illustrated by the diagrams and vector diagram shown in FIG. 2, FIG. 3, FIG. 4. In FIG. 2 shows a block diagram of a device corresponding to claim 2 of the claims. The power circuit and its equivalent circuit shown in FIG. 3, as well as the vector diagram depicted in FIG. 4, serve to prove (justify) the performance and the stated objectives of the invention.

The structural diagram of the device (Fig. 2) contains:
1 - current sensor I ' ₁ feeder of a damaged contact network installed in the first substation (UA1);
2 - a sensor measuring the total current I _{A of} all feeders of a given power arm at the first substation (UA2);
3 - voltage sensor U _A at the first substation (UV1);
4 - a sensor that measures the total current I _{B of} all feeders of the same power arm at the second substation (UA3);
5 - voltage sensor U _B at the second substation (UV2);
6 - phase angle sensor φ _{1 of the} current I ' ₁ at the first substation (Uφ1);
7 - phase angle sensor φ _{A of} current I _A at the first substation (Uφ2);
8 - phase angle sensor φ _{B of the} current I _B at the second substation (Uφ3);
9, 10 - respectively, the first (UCψ1) and second (UCψ2) multifunction phase-angle converters;
11, 12, 13 - respectively, the first (SM1), second (SM2) and third (SM3) adders;
14, 15, 16, 17, 18 - respectively, the first (UС1), second (UС2), third (UС3), fourth (UС4) and fifth (UС5) multifunction converters;
19 - functional converter (US);
20 is a first registration unit (HS1);
21 - the sixth multifunction converter (US6);
22 is a second registration unit (HS2).

 The output of the current sensor 1 is connected to the first input of the phase angle sensor 6, the second input of the first 14 and the third input of the second 15 multifunction converters. The output of the current sensor 2 is connected to the first input of the phase angle sensor 7, the first input of the multifunction phase angle converter 9, the fourth input of the first 14, the fifth input of the second 15, the first input of the third 16 and the second input of the fourth 17 multifunction converters. The output of the voltage sensor 3 is connected to the second inputs of the phase angle sensors 6 and 7 and to the third input of the fifth multifunction converter 18.

 The output of the phase angle sensor 6 is connected to the first input of the adder 11, the output of the phase angle sensor 7 is connected to the first input of the adder 12, and the second inputs of the adders 11 and 12 are connected to the output of the multifunction converter of the phase angle 9, to which the fourth input of the fifth multifunction converter 18 is also connected The output of the adder 11 is connected to the third input of the first 14 and the fourth input of the second 15, and the output of the adder 12 is connected to the fifth input of the first 14, the sixth input of the second 15, the second input of the third 16 and the third input h Fourth to 17 multifunction converters.

 The output of the current sensor 4 is connected to the first input of the phase angle sensor 8, to the first input of the multifunction converter of the phase angle 10, to the fourth input of the third 16 and the fifth input of the fourth 17 multifunction converters. The output of the phase 8 sensor is connected to the first input of the adder 13, to the second input of which the output of the multifunction phase converter 10 is connected. The output of the adder 13 is connected to the fourth input of the third 16 and the fifth input of the fourth 17 multifunction converters.

 The output of the first multifunction converter 14 is connected to the first input of the second multifunction converter 15 and to the first input of the fifth multifunction converter 18, to the second input of which the output of the second 15 is connected, the output of the fourth 17 is connected to the fifth input, and the output of the third 16 multifunction converters is connected to the sixth input.

 The output of the fifth multifunction converter 18 is connected to the registration unit 20 and through the functional converter 19 to the first input of the first 14 and the second input of the second 15 multifunction converters.

 The first input of the sixth multifunction converter 21 is connected to the output of the second multifunction converter 15. The second input of the sixth multifunction converter 21 is connected to the output of the first multifunction phase angle converter 9. The third input of the sixth multifunction converter 21 is connected to the output of the voltage sensor 3. The fourth input of the sixth multifunction converter 21 is connected to the output of the third multifunction converter 16, and the fifth input to the output of the fourth nogofunktsionalnogo inverter 17. The output of the sixth inverter multifunction 21 is connected to the seventh input of the fifth inverter 18 and the multifunction to the input register 22 of the second block.

Current sensors 2 and 4 record, respectively, at the first and second substations, the total currents I _A and I _{B of the} feeders of the contact network of this supply arm. Current sensor 1 detects the current I ' _{1 of the} damaged contact network at the first substation. Voltage sensors 3 and 5 record the voltages U _A and U _B, respectively, at the first and second substations. The phase angle sensors 6, 7 and 8 detect the phase angles φ ₁ , φ _A , and φ _B, respectively, between voltage U _A and current I ' ₁ , as well as voltage U _A and current I _{A of the} first substation and voltage U _B and current I _B second substation.

где Z_пА - сопротивление первой подстанции.The first multifunctional phase angle converter 9 generates a signal ψ _A at the output, realizing a computational algorithm in the form of an expression

where Z _pA is the resistance of the first substation.

где Z_пВ - сопротивление второй подстанции.The second multifunctional phase angle converter 10 generates an output signal ψ _B , realizing a computational algorithm in the form of an expression

where Z _pV is the resistance of the second substation.

где z_с, x_вс - известное полное индуктивно развязанное сопротивление контактной сети одного пути и его индуктивная составляющая на длине 1 км;
z_вс, x_вс - известное полное индуктивно развязанное сопротивление взаимной индуктивной связи контактных сетей смежных путей и его индуктивная составляющая на длине 1 км;
z_p, r_p, x_p - известное полное индуктивно развязанное сопротивление рельсовой цепи и его активная и индуктивная составляющие на длине 1 км;

известный фазовый угол (аргумент) полного сопротивления z_c-z_вс;
ν - коэффициент, учитывающий снижение сопротивления рельсовой цепи за счет шунтирующего влияния земли.Adders 11, 12, and 13 form the output signals α ₁ , α _A , α _B , respectively, by implementing computational algorithms in the form of expressions
α ₁ = φ ₁ + ψ _A , (3)
α _A = φ _A + ψ _A , (4)
α _B = φ _B + ψ _B. (5)
The first multifunction converter 14 generates an output signal M, realizing a computational algorithm in the form of an expression

where z _c , x _sun is the known total inductively decoupled resistance of the contact network of one path and its inductive component over a length of 1 km;
z _sun , x _sun - the known total inductively decoupled resistance of mutual inductive coupling of contact networks of adjacent paths and its inductive component over a length of 1 km;
z _p , r _p , x _p is the known total inductively decoupled resistance of the rail circuit and its active and inductive components over a length of 1 km;

known phase angle (argument) of the impedance z _c -z _sun ;
ν - coefficient taking into account the decrease in the resistance of the rail circuit due to the shunting effect of the earth.

реализуя вычислительный алгоритм в виде выражения

Третий многофункциональный преобразователь 16 формирует выходной сигнал I_к, реализуя вычислительный алгоритм в виде выражения

Четвертый многофункциональный преобразователь формирует выходной сигнал α_к, реализуя вычислительный алгоритм в виде выражения

Пятый многофункциональный преобразователь 18 формирует выходной сигнал l_к, реализуя вычислительный алгоритм в виде выражения

Шестой многофункциональный преобразователь 21 формирует выходной сигнал R_д, реализуя вычислительный алгоритм в виде выражения

Функциональный преобразователь 19 формирует зависимость между удаленностью l_к короткого замыкания и коэффициентом ν, учитывающим шунтирующее влияние земли (утечку тока из рельсов в землю) на участке от первой подстанции до места короткого замыкания. На основании [7] такой функциональный преобразователь может реализовывать вычислительный алгоритм (или нелинейную зависимость) в виде выражения

где m - известная величина, зависящая от значения сопротивления контура рельсы-земля и высоты подвеса контактной сети;
γ - известный коэффициент распространения рельсовой цепи.The second multifunction converter 15 generates an output signal

implementing a computational algorithm in the form of an expression

The third multifunction converter 16 generates an output signal I _k , realizing a computational algorithm in the form of an expression

The fourth multifunction converter generates an output signal α _k , realizing a computational algorithm in the form of an expression

The fifth multifunction converter 18 generates an output signal l _k , realizing a computational algorithm in the form of an expression

The sixth multifunction converter 21 generates an output signal R _d , implementing a computational algorithm in the form of an expression

The functional Converter 19 forms a relationship between the distance l _{to the} short circuit and the coefficient ν, taking into account the shunting effect of the earth (current leakage from the rails to the ground) in the area from the first substation to the place of the short circuit. Based on [7], such a functional converter can implement a computational algorithm (or non-linear dependence) in the form of an expression

where m is the known value, depending on the resistance value of the rail-to-ground circuit and the height of the suspension of the contact network;
γ is a known rail chain propagation coefficient.

In order for the recording unit 18 to fix the distance l _to taking into account the actual value of the coefficient ν corresponding to this particular distance, the functional converter 19 is included in the feedback circuit of the first 14 and second 15 multifunction converters.

 The current sensors 1, 2 and 4 are carried out in a known manner on the basis of, for example, measuring current transformers. The voltage sensors 3 and 5 are performed in a known manner on the basis of, for example, voltage measuring transformers. The phase angle sensors 6, 7 and 8 are carried out in a known manner based on digital or analog phase meters [8].

 Functional and multifunctional converters 9, 10, 14, 15, 16, 17, 18 and 19 can be performed using analog [9] or digital microcircuits and microprocessor sets [10].

 The multifunctional converter 21 can be performed using analog [9] or digital microcircuits and microprocessor sets [10].

In the event of a short circuit in the contact network, current sensors 1, 2 and 4, voltage sensors 3 and 5, phase angle sensors 6, 7 and 8 fix emergency mode parameters I ' ₁ , I _A , I _B , U at the first and second substations _A , U _B , φ ₁ , φ _A , φ _B. Signals carrying information about the constant parameters of substations, traction network parameters and emergency mode parameters are supplied to the corresponding inputs of adders, multifunctional and functional converters, which, according to the given algorithms (1) - (9) and (11), (12), (13 ) the distance of the short circuit l _to and the arc resistance (transition resistance) R _d .

Achievable technical result (advantages compared to the prototype) is as follows:
- unambiguous and direct dependence of the desired distance l _to on the emergency mode parameters and the constant parameters of the traction network;
- the absence of the influence of arc resistance on the results of determining the distance l _to ;
- the absence of the influence of current leakage from the rails to the ground (shunting effect of the earth) on the results of determining l _k ;
- the ability to determine the resistance of the arc in the place of short circuit, which allows to predict the nature of the damage.

Justification of algorithms for the 1st and 2nd options
The rationale for the operability and accuracy of the invention is based on the well-known inductively decoupled equivalent circuit of the traction network of the electrified railway section [7]. In FIG. 3a, the power supply circuit from two adjacent substations A and B of the double-track section (inter-substation zone) with a sectioning station is shown. The distance from the substation A to the point K of the short circuit is l _k , to the station of the PS sectioning is l ₁ . The distance from the sectioning station PS to substation B is l ₂ . Devices for determining the distance of a short circuit are located at the installation sites of high-voltage switches QA1, QA2, QB1, QB2. The rationale is for a device located at the installation location of the QA1 switch. For its placement with other switches, the rationale is similar.

 The above power supply circuit corresponds to the inductively isolated equivalent circuit shown in FIG. 3b and reproduced from [7].

In the equivalent circuit, the notation
U _{A, xx} , U _{B, xx} are the open circuit voltages of substations A and B, respectively;
U _A , U _B - voltage on the buses of substations A and B, respectively;
I _A , I _B - total currents of feeders of a given power arm, respectively, of substations A and B;
I _to - current in the arc in the place of a short circuit;
I ' ₁ , I'' ₁ - currents of the damaged contact network, respectively, in sections l _k and l ₁ -l _k ;
Z _pA , Z _pV - resistances of substations A and B, respectively;
Z _pA , Z _pB are the resistances of the rail circuit, respectively, in the sections l _k and l ₁ + l ₂ -l _k , i.e. from point K to the corresponding substations A and B;
Z ' ₁ , Z " ₁ - resistance of the damaged contact network, respectively, in the areas l _to and l ₁ -l _to ;
Z _1q is the resistance of the contact network of another path in the area l ₁ ;
Z ' _sun , Z " _sun - resistance, taking into account the mutual inductive effect of the contact networks of two paths on the sections, respectively, l _to and l ₁ -l _to ;
Z ₂ - the resistance of the contact network of two paths on the plot l ₂ ;
R _d - the resistance of the electric arc.

где z_c - значение полного погонного индуктивно развязанного сопротивления контактной сети одного пути на длине 1 км;
z_вс - погонное значение индуктивно развязанного сопротивления взаимоиндукции между контактными сетями двух путей на длине 1 км;
z_p - погонное значение индуктивно развязанного сопротивления рельсовой цепи на длине 1 км;
ν - коэффициент, учитывающий снижение сопротивления рельсовой цепи за счет шунтирующего влияния земли.In accordance with [7] we have:

where z _c is the value of the total linear inductively decoupled resistance of the contact network of one path over a length of 1 km;
z _sun is the linear value of the inductively decoupled mutual induction resistance between the contact networks of two paths over a length of 1 km;
z _p is the linear value of the inductively decoupled resistance of the rail circuit over a length of 1 km;
ν - coefficient taking into account the decrease in the resistance of the rail circuit due to the shunting effect of the earth.

Подставив сюда выражения (14) и решив уравнение относительно l_к, получаем:

Формула (15) определяет однозначную зависимость удаленности l_к короткого замыкания от влияющих факторов. Для ее практического использования необходимо иметь сведения не только о величине напряжения U_A и токах I_A, I'₁ (и их фазовых углах), которые могут быть измерены, но и о величинах I_к (и его фазовом угле) и R_д, которые в момент внезапного короткого замыкания измерены быть не могут.Based on the second law of Kirchhoff, we have:

Substituting expressions (14) here and solving the equation for l _k , we obtain:

Formula (15) determines the unambiguous dependence of the distance l _{to the} short circuit on influencing factors. For its practical use, it is necessary to have information not only about the voltage U _A and currents I _A , I ' ₁ (and their phase angles), which can be measured, but also about the values of I _k (and its phase angle) and R _d , which cannot be measured at the time of a sudden short circuit.

A feature of the algorithms proposed in the invention is the countdown of all vectors of sinusoidal values of voltages and currents in the equivalent circuit from one axis. The directions of the open-circuit stress vectors U _{A, xx} and U _{B, xx} , which are considered to be coincident in phase, are taken as such an axis. In addition, a well-known position is used, according to which the impedance of traction transformers is taken equal to its inductive component (Z _pA = X _pA ).

Ток I_A отстает от напряжения U_A на угол φ_A. Ток I'₁ отстает от напряжения U_A на угол φ₁. В свою очередь напряжение U_A отстает от напряжения U_A,xx на угол ψ_A, который зависит от падения напряжения

в сопротивлении подстанции. Поскольку это сопротивление носит практически чисто индуктивный характер, то вектор падения напряжения

опережает вектор тока

на угол 90^o. Векторная диаграмма для подстанции В имеет аналогичный вид.In the vector diagram shown in FIG. 4 shows the relative positions of the vectors

The current I _A lags the voltage U _A by an angle φ _A. The current I ' ₁ lags the voltage U _A by an angle φ ₁ . In turn, the voltage U _A lags behind the voltage U _{A, xx} by an angle ψ _A , which depends on the voltage drop

in the resistance of the substation. Since this resistance is almost purely inductive, the voltage drop vector

ahead of the current vector

at an angle of 90 ^o . The vector diagram for substation B has a similar form.

 Based on the theorems of cosines and sines for a triangle, we obtain expressions (1) and (2) from these vector diagrams.

где I_к,а, I_к,p - соответственно активная и реактивная составляющие тока I_к.The complex value of the short circuit current is known to be

where I _{to, a} , I _{to, p} - respectively, the active and reactive components of the current I _to .

и током

равен α_A = φ_A+ψ_A. Аналогично имеем величину фазового угла между напряжением

и током

, равным α_B = φ_B+ψ_B. Следовательно, имеем:
I_к,a = I_Acosα_A+I_Bcosα_B
I_к,р = I_Asinα_A+I_Bsinα_B.
Модуль тока короткого замыкания равен:

Подставив сюда выражения для I_к,а и I_к,р, получим формулу (8). Аргумент тока короткого замыкания равен:

Подставив сюда значение I_к,р и I_к из формулы (8), получим выражение (9). Обозначим:

где

аргументы сопротивлений соответственно

и

Используя фазовые углы

измеренные от одной оси, формулу (15) представим в виде:

Знаменатель этого выражения представим в виде:

Используя для показательной функции формулу Эйлера, получим значение активной М_а и реактивной М_р составляющих величины М.From the vector diagram (Fig. 4) it follows that the phase angle between the voltage

and current

is equal to α _A = φ _A + ψ _A. Similarly, we have the phase angle between the voltage

and current

equal to α _B = φ _B + ψ _B. Therefore, we have:
I _{k, a} = I _A cosα _A + I _B cosα _B
I _{k, p} = I _A sinα _A + I _B sinα _B.
The short-circuit current module is:

Substituting here the expressions for I _{k, a} and I _{k, p} , we obtain formula (8). The short circuit current argument is:

Substituting here the value of I _{to, p} and I _to from the formula (8), we obtain the expression (9). Denote:

Where

resistance arguments respectively

and

Using phase angles

measured from one axis, we represent the formula (15) in the form:

The denominator of this expression is represented as:

Using the Euler formula for the exponential function, we obtain the value of the active M _a and reactive M _p components of M.

Модуль величины

равен

Подставив сюда значения M_а и М_р, получим формулу (6). Аргумент величины

равен:

Подставив сюда значение М_р и значение М из формулы (6), получим формулу (7).

Magnitude modulus

is equal to

Substituting here the values of M _a and M _p , we obtain the formula (6). Value argument

is equal to:

Substituting here the value of M _p and the value of M from the formula (6), we obtain the formula (7).

Поскольку расстояние l_к не имеет мнимой части по определению (оно вещественно), то в числителе выражения (17) сумма всех членов, содержащих множитель j, равна нулю, т. е.Given the obtained expressions, formula (16) can now be represented as:

Since the distance l _to does not have an imaginary part by definition (it is real), the sum of all terms containing the factor j in the numerator of expression (17) is zero, i.e.

U _A sin (ψ _A -α _M ) -I _to R _d sin (α _to -α _M ) = 0 (18)
Solving this expression with respect to arc resistance, we obtain formula (13). Taking into account condition (18) and substituting formula (13) into expression (16), we obtain expression (10).

Sources of information
1. Figurnov EP, Samsonov Yu.Ya. Device for determining the location of a short circuit in the contact network of railways of alternating current. A.S. 161410, class G 01 r; 21 e. 29/10; B 61 m; 20 to 20, stated 787278 / 24-7, publ. 07.16.62, BI 7.

 2. Figurnov E. P. Protection of electric traction AC networks from short circuits. M .: Transport, 1979. 160 p.

3. A.S. USSR 740555, Mkl ² V 60 M 1/100. A device for determining the location of damage to the traction network of an electrified railway. A.S. Bochev, V.V. Kuznetsov, M.Yu. Tupchenko, E.P. Figurnov (USSR). - 2662505 / 24-11; declared 09/13/78; publ. 06/15/80, BI 22
4. Bochev A.S., Kuznetsov V.V., Tupchenko M.Yu. A possible way to determine the location of a short circuit in a traction network of 2x25 kV. - In the book: Operating modes, diagnostics and control of railway power supply devices. Rostov n / a, 1979.P. 43-47.

 5. Tupchenko M. Yu. Determination of places of damage in electric traction networks 2x25 kV with autotransformers. PhD thesis. - M.: MIIT, 1984.

 6. The system of telemechanics "Lisna" for electrified railways / E. E. Baykeev, G. M. Korsakov, V.Ya. Ovlasyuk, N.D. Sukhoprudsky. Ed. N.D. Sukhoprudsky. - M .: Transport, 1979. 215 p.

 7. Figurnov EP Resistance of electric traction network of single-phase alternating current. Electricity, 1997, 5. S. 23-29.

 8. Fundamentals of metrology and electrical measurements / B.Ya. Avdeev, E.M. Antonyuk, E.M. Dushin et al. / Ed. EAT. Dushina. - 6th ed., Revised. and add. - L .: Energoatomizdat, 1987.

 9. Aleksenko A. G., Colombet E. A., Starodub G. I. Application of precision analog microcircuits. Ed. 2nd, rev. and add. - M .: Radio and communications, 1985.

 10. Digital and analog integrated circuits: Reference book / S.V. Yakubovsky, L.I. Nisselson, V.I. Kuleshov et al .; Ed. S.V. Yakubovsky. - M .: Radio and communications, 1990.496 s.

Claims (2)

1. A device for determining the distance of a short circuit in the traction network of an electrified vehicle, containing a current sensor I _A measuring the total current of the feeders of the contact network of a given power arm, and a voltage sensor U _A at the first substation, a current sensor I _B measuring the total current of the feeders of the contact network of the same shoulder power and voltage sensor U _B at the second substation, as well as the first adder and the register unit, characterized in that it is further provided with a current sensor I _'1 feeder damaged catenary dates ikami phase angles, respectively, φ ₁ and φ _A, the first multi-function converter phase angle and the second adder at the first substation, the sensor phase angle φ _B, the second multi-function converter phase angle and the third adder at the second substation, as well as first, second, third, fourth and fifth multifunction transducers and functional converter, wherein the current sensor output I _'1 is coupled to a first input of the phase angle φ of the sensor _1, the second input of the first second and third input multifunction tional converters, current output of the sensor I _A is connected to the first sensor input phase angle φ _A, to the first input of the first multi-function converter phase angle to a fourth input of the first, fifth input of the second, the first input of the third and the second input of the fourth multifunction transducer voltage sensor output U _A connected respectively to the second inputs of the phase angle φ of the sensor _1, the sensor phase angle φ _a and a first phase angle multifunction converter and to the third input of the fifth multifunction tional converter current sensor output I _B is connected to first inputs, respectively, of the sensor phase angle φ _B and the second multifunctional inverter phase angle, to the third input of the third and fourth input of the fourth multifunction transducer voltage sensor output U _B is connected to the second inputs, respectively, of the sensor phase angle φ _B and the second multifunction phase angle converter, the output of the phase angle sensor φ _{1 is} connected to the first input of the first adder, the second input of which connected to the output of the first multifunction phase angle converter, and the output to the third input of the first and fourth input of the second multifunction converters, the output of the phase angle sensor φ _{A is} connected to the first input of the second adder, the second input of which is connected to the output of the first multifunction phase angle converter and the fourth input fifth multifunction converter, and the output is connected to the fifth input of the first, sixth input of the second, second input of the third and third input of the fourth nogofunktsionalnyh transducers, the sensor output of the phase angle φ _B is connected to the first input of the third adder, the second input of which is connected to the output of the second multifunction inverter phase angle, and an output - to a fourth input of the third and fifth input of the fourth multifunction transducer output first multifunctional converter is connected to first inputs respectively, of the second and fifth multifunction converters, the output of the second multifunction converter is connected to the second input of the fifth multifunction converter, to the sixth input of which the output of the third and first input of the fourth is connected, and the output of the fourth multifunction converters is connected to the fifth input, and the output is connected to the recording unit and through the functional converter to the first input of the first and second input of the second multifunction converters, the first multifunction phase-angle converter generates an output signal ψ _A , realizing a computational algorithm in the form of the expression

the second multifunctional phase angle converter generates an output signal ψ _B , realizing a computational algorithm in the form of an expression

the first adder generates the output signal α ₁ , implementing the computational algorithm in the form of the expression α ₁ = φ ₁ + ψ _A , the second adder generates the output signal α _A , realizing the computational algorithm in the form of the expression α _A = φ _A + ψ _A , the third adder generates the output the signal α _B , realizing the computational algorithm in the form of the expression α _B = φ _B + ψ _B , the first multifunction converter generates the output signal M, realizing the computational algorithm in the form of the expression

a second multifunction converter generates an output signal

implementing a computational algorithm in the form of an expression

the third multifunction converter generates an output signal I _k , realizing a computational algorithm in the form of an expression

the fourth multifunction converter generates an output signal α _k , realizing a computational algorithm in the form of an expression

the fifth multifunction converter generates an output signal l _k , realizing a computational algorithm in the form of an expression

where z _sun , x _sun - full inductively decoupled resistance of mutual inductive coupling of contact networks of adjacent paths and its inductive component over a length of 1 km;
z _с - full inductively decoupled resistance of the contact network of one path over a length of 1 km;
z _p , r _p , x _p - full inductively decoupled resistance of the rail circuit and its active and inductive components over a length of 1 km;
Z _nA , Z _nB are the resistances of the first and second substations, respectively;

phase angle (argument) of the impedance z _c -z _sun ;
ν - coefficient taking into account the decrease in the resistance of the rail circuit due to the shunting effect of the earth;
l _to - output signal characterizing the distance from the first substation to the place of short circuit. 2. A device for determining the distance of a short circuit in the traction network of an electrified vehicle, containing a current sensor I _A measuring the total current of the feeders of the contact network of a given power arm, and a voltage sensor U _A at the first substation, a current sensor I _B measuring the total current of the feeders of the contact network of the same shoulder power and voltage sensor U _B at the second substation, as well as the first adder and the register unit, characterized in that it is further provided with a current sensor I _'1 feeder damaged catenary dates ikami phase angles, respectively, φ ₁ and φ _A, the first multi-function converter phase angle and the second adder at the first substation, the sensor phase angle φ _B, the second multi-function converter phase angle and the third adder at the second substation, as well as first, second, third, fourth, fifth and sixth multifunctional converters, a functional converter and a second registration unit, and the output of the current sensor I ' _{1 is} connected to the first input of the phase angle sensor φ ₁ , the second input of the first and the third input of the second multifunctional converters, the output of the current sensor I _{A is} connected to the first input of the phase angle sensor φ _A , to the first input of the first multifunctional phase angle converter, the fourth input of the first, the fifth input of the second, the first input of the third and second input of the fourth multifunction converters, the output the voltage sensor U _{A is} connected to the second inputs, respectively, of the phase angle sensor φ ₁ , the phase angle sensor φ _A and the first multifunction phase angle converter and to the third input of the fifth multifunction converter, the output of the current sensor I _{B is} connected to the first inputs of the phase angle sensor φ _B and the second multifunction converter of the phase angle, to the third input of the third and fourth input of the fourth multifunction converters, the output of the voltage sensor U _{B is} connected to the second inputs respectively, of the phase angle sensor φ _B and the second multifunctional phase angle converter, the output of the phase angle sensor φ _{l is} connected to the first input of the first the adder, the second input of which is connected to the output of the first multifunction phase angle converter, and the output is to the third input of the first and fourth input of the second multifunction converters, the output of the phase angle sensor φ _{A is} connected to the first input of the second adder, the second input of which is connected to the output of the first multifunction converter phase angle and the fourth input of the fifth multifunction converter, and the output is connected to the fifth input of the first, sixth input of the second, second input of the tre the third and third input of the fourth multifunction converters, the output of the phase angle sensor φ _{B is} connected to the first input of the third adder, the second input of which is connected to the output of the second multifunction phase angle converter, and the output to the fourth input of the third and fifth input of the fourth multifunction converters the converter is connected to the first inputs of the second and fifth multifunction converters, respectively, the output of the second multifunction of the other converter is connected to the second input of the fifth multifunction converter, to the sixth input of which the output of the third and first input of the fourth are connected, and the output of the fourth multifunction converters is connected to the fifth input, and the output is connected to the first recording unit and through the functional converter to the first input of the first and second the input of the second multifunction converters, and the first input of the said multifunction converter is connected to the output of the second multifunction converter, a second input connected to the output of the first multifunction inverter phase angle, the third input is connected to the voltage sensor output U _A, a fourth input connected to the output of the third and fifth input - to the output of the fourth multifunctional transducers and its output connected to the seventh input of the fifth multifunction converter and to the input of the second registration unit, while the first multifunction phase angle converter generates an output signal ψ _A , realizing a computational algorithm in de expressions

the second multifunctional phase angle converter generates an output signal ψ _B , realizing a computational algorithm in the form of an expression

the first adder generates an output signal α ₁ , implementing a computational algorithm in the form of the expression α ₁ = φ ₁ + ψ _A , the second adder generates an output signal

realizing the computational algorithm in the form of the expression α _A = φ _A + ψ _A , the third adder generates the output signal α _B , realizing the computational algorithm in the form of the expression α _B = φ _A + ψ _B , the first multifunction converter generates the output signal M, implementing the computational algorithm in form of expression

the second multifunction converter generates an output signal α _M , realizing a computational algorithm in the form of an expression

the third multifunction converter generates an output signal I _k , realizing a computational algorithm in the form of an expression

the fourth multifunction converter generates an output signal α _k , implementing a computational algorithm in the form of an expression

the fifth multifunction converter generates an output signal l _k characterizing the distance from the first substation to the place of a short circuit, implementing a computational algorithm in the form

where R _D is the signal generated at the output of the sixth multifunction converter and corresponding to the resistance of the short circuit, obtained by the implementation of the specified converter computing algorithm in the form of the expression

where z _sun , x _sun - full inductively decoupled resistance of mutual inductive coupling of contact networks of adjacent paths and its inductive component over a length of 1 km;
z _с - full inductively decoupled resistance of the contact network of one path over a length of 1 km;
z _p , r _p , x _p is the total inductively decoupled resistance of the rail circuit and its active and inductive components over a length of 1 km;
Z _nA , Z _nB are the resistances of the first and second substations, respectively;

phase angle (argument) of the impedance z _with -z _sun ;
ν - coefficient taking into account the decrease in the resistance of the rail circuit due to the shunting effect of the earth.

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