RU2180478C2 - Wheat hybridization method - Google Patents

Abstract

FIELD: agriculture, in particular, plant selection. SUBSTANCE: method involves providing artificial pollination by means of cut plant stems enclosed in paper isolator; placing cut plant stems in nutrient solution and holding in refrigerator at decreased positive temperature before carrying out artificial pollination. Nutrient solution contains sugar 25-30 g, citric acid 5 g, chloramine 30 mg and thymol 5 crystals per 1 l of water. Method further involves removing cut plant stem from refrigerator, castrating and carrying out artificial pollination in laboratory or under field conditions. Method allows flowering period of intravariety hybridization parent plants having different flowering periods to coincide and hybridization process to be prolonged. EFFECT: simplified method and increased efficiency in wheat hybridization. 1 tbl, 1 ex

Description

 The invention relates to crop production, namely to plant breeding, as well as genetic research and can be applied in the hybridization of winter wheat varieties of different flowering periods of mother and father plants.

 A known method of hybridization of maternal and paternal plants of different flowering periods, in which by changing the timing of sowing, mowing plants and collecting pollen combine the timing of flowering [1].

 The disadvantage of this method is the inability to hybridize winter wheat varieties with different flowering periods under adverse weather conditions, when these flowering periods are compressed, especially in hot weather.

 In the zone of the Middle Volga, flowering, as a rule, ends in 3-5 days, and it is often not possible to accurately combine flowering of paternal and mother plants.

 The objective of the invention is to combine the timing of flowering varieties of flowering varieties of parental forms of hybridization.

 The objective of the invention is solved by the following set of features of the hybridization method.

 Cut stems of wheat plants are placed in a nutrient solution and kept in the refrigerator at low positive temperature until artificial pollination is carried out. The nutrient solution contains 25-30 g of sugar, 5 g of citric acid, 30 mg of chloramine and 5 thymol crystals per 1 liter of water. After being kept in the refrigerator, the cut stems of the plants are castrated and artificial pollination is carried out in the laboratory or in the field.

 The method is as follows.

Plants intended for hybridization are cut off at the surface of the soil at the time of start of heading. Plants are freed from the leaves, with the exception of one or two of the top, placed in a nutrient solution and kept in the refrigerator at a temperature of +5 +7 ^o C.

 In a particular embodiment of the method, after keeping the cut stems of the plants in the refrigerator, the latter are castrated and polluted in laboratory conditions, after which the ears of the mother and father plants are enclosed in a paper insulator, and the stems are placed in a nutrient solution.

Every day 2-3 times for 2-3 days shake the insulators for better pollination of plants. Every 3-5 days, the sections under water are updated by 1-2 cm with the subsequent replacement of the nutrient solution. Growing is carried out at a temperature of 20 ^o C with a humidity of 85% in sunlight until the grain is fully ripened.

 In another particular embodiment of the method, after being kept in the refrigerator, cut stems of the plants are enclosed in a paper insulator with plants developing in the field, which are castrated before.

 The nutrient solution contains 25-30 g of sugar, 5 g of citric acid, 30 mg of chloramine and 5 thymol crystals per 1 liter of water.

 Such a concentration of ingredients allows not only to preserve, but also to dose pollen.

Example
When using 40 g of sugar per 1 liter of water, the stem was saccharified with the inability to pass nutrients through the plant, the use of 20 g of sugar per 1 liter of water did not give a positive effect.

 When using 4.5 g of citric acid per 1 liter of water, the solution turned out to be too viscous. And when using 5.5 g of citric acid, the solution began to exfoliate.

 When using 20 mg of chloramine per 1 liter of water, the solution was difficult to move along the stem, and the use of 35 mg of chloramine per 1 liter of water negatively affected the vital activity of the plant, inhibiting its development.

 The use of precisely 5 thymol crystals per 1 liter of water supplemented the action of chloramine and also caused a stimulating effect on plant development. When using lower concentrations of thymol, this stimulating effect was not manifested.

 This version of the method was tested for several years and compared with the known method [1] (see table).

 From the table it follows that the growing and storage of breeding material at low positive temperatures up to 5-7 days, as a rule, did not affect the setting and weight of 1000 seeds of hybrid seeds.

 Thus, the proposed method of hybridization of wheat allows you to cross its various varieties with different flowering periods, regardless of weather conditions. The proposed method provided the setting of grain according to the varieties of hard winter wheat: Coral, Iceberg, Black Sea in the range from 13.0 to 20.0%. The mass of 1000 grains of hybrid seeds ranged from 9.6 to 16.8 g.

Bibliographic data
1. Konovalov Yu.V., Rudakov I.A. Hybridization of barley and spring wheat on cut shoots - Bulletin of the Russian Agricultural Academy, vol. 1. M: 1985.P. 66-73 (prototype).

Claims (1)

 A method of hybridization of wheat, including artificial pollination by means of cut stems of plants enclosed in a paper insulator, characterized in that the cut stems of plants are placed in a nutrient solution containing 25-30 g of sugar, 5 g of citric acid, 30 mg of chloramine and 5 thymol crystals per 1 l of water, and they are kept in the refrigerator at low positive temperature until artificial pollination is carried out.

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