RU217237U1 - UNIVERSAL PROBE ELECTRICIAN - Google Patents

Abstract

The utility model relates to the field of electrical measuring technology and can be used during commissioning, during electrical installation work, as an indicator of a wire that is energized with an alternating electric current relative to another, common wire (hereinafter referred to as the "phase"), as well as a meter for small resistance values of power chains. The utility model will simplify the work of a commissioning engineer and an electrician of power circuits by expanding the functionality of the device. The universal electrician's probe contains a series-connected probe, an incandescent lamp, a trinistor controlled by a control device and a power source, in addition, LEDs and a circuit of a series-connected input resistor and a neon lamp. A circuit of a series-connected input resistor and a neon lamp is connected between the positive pole and the output between the probe and the incandescent lamp, a series-connected protective resistor and a touch pad are introduced. The free terminal of the protective resistor is connected to the terminal of the neon lamp, connected to the negative pole of the power supply. In addition, the value of the input resistance is in the range of 1.5-2 MΩ. 2 ill.

Description

The utility model relates to the field of electrical measuring technology and can be used during commissioning, during electrical installation work, as an indicator of a wire that is energized with an alternating electric current relative to another, common wire (hereinafter referred to as "phases"), as well as a meter for small values of power resistance chains.

A universal probe-indicator is known (see Zvirbulis, A. Universal probe-indicator / A. Zvirbulis // Radio. - 2001. - No. 10. - P. 54), containing LEDs, logic elements, resistors, capacitors, a piezoelectric emitter and power supply. The electrical circuit of the device provides a parallel connection of the LEDs to each other and the sound alarm, which allows you to identify the "phase", determine the presence of direct voltage (interval 10 ... 120 V), alternating voltage (interval 10 ... 240 V), signals in telephone networks and in the broadcasting network , serviceability of fuses, resistors (resistance 0 ... 100 kOhm), capacitors (capacitance 0.05 ... 20 μF), as well as transitions of silicon diodes and transistors. The disadvantage of the above probe-indicator is the inability to measure small resistance values of power circuits (up to 10 ohms).

The closest to the claimed utility model is a probe for commissioning and electrical work (see Nigmatulin, Yu. Probe for commissioning and electrical work / Yu. Nigmatulin // Radio - No. 12. - P. 39), containing a trinistor controlled by a control device, a neon lamp indicating the presence of an alternating voltage of more than 80 V of industrial frequency, LEDs indicating a voltage of a lower value, and an incandescent lamp indicating the resistance of the measured loop, as well as a power source. The disadvantages of this probe are the inability to determine the "phase" wire.

The claimed utility model is aimed at solving the problem of increasing the efficiency and simplifying the work of a commissioning engineer and / or electrician of power circuits, as well as improving the safety of his work (eliminating negative consequences when determining the presence of voltage or resistance on non-de-energized equipment or in case of incorrect interpretation of the results of these measurements) .

The technical result, which the claimed utility model is aimed at, is to expand the functionality and increase the reliability of the device.

The technical result is achieved by the fact that the electrician's universal probe contains a probe connected in series, an incandescent lamp, a trinistor controlled by a control device, and a power source, in addition, LEDs and a circuit of a series-connected input resistor and a neon lamp. A circuit of a series-connected input resistor and a neon lamp is connected between the positive pole and the output between the probe and the incandescent lamp, a series-connected protective resistor and a touch pad are introduced. The free output of the protective resistor is connected to the output of the neon lamp, connected to the negative pole of the power source. In addition, the value of the input resistance is in the range of 1.5-2 MΩ.

The claimed utility model is illustrated by figures 1 and 2.

In FIG. 1 shows the block diagram of the probe;

in fig. 2 - circuit diagram.

The numbers indicate the following:

1 - trinistor,

2 - block A1,

3 - block A2,

4 - block A3,

5 - block A4,

6 - neon lamp,

7 - LED,

8 - LED,

9 - incandescent lamp,

10 - power supply,

11 - transistor,

12 - probe,

13 - flexible wire,

14 - resistor,

15 - resistor,

16 - capacitor,

17 - transistor,

18 - transistor,

19 - transistor,

20 - touch pad,

21 - input resistor,

22 - protective resistor,

23 - transistor,

24 - zener diode.

The claimed device consists of a trinistor 1 controlled by a control device presented as a set of blocks 2-5. Neon lamp 6 indicates the presence of an alternating voltage of more than 80 V of industrial frequency, a voltage of a lower value is indicated by LEDs 7 and 8. The resistance of the measured loop indicates the visible glow of the filament of a small-sized incandescent lamp 9. To power the probe, a power source 10 is used, for example, a battery of galvanic cells with voltage 3 V. Power switch is not required due to the low current consumption in standby mode (less than 1 µA).

The control device works as follows. If at the ends of the probe probe 12 and flexible wire 13 (with a crocodile clip at the end) there is an alternating or constant voltage of any polarity, then block 3 issues a blocking signal to block 4, which performs the function of a logic element 2I, and further passage of the signal to open the trinistor 1 is terminated. In this case, a neon lamp 6 and one (at a constant voltage) or two (at a power frequency voltage of 50 Hz) LEDs in block 3 light up (the polarity of the applied voltage is also indicated). If there is no voltage on probe 12 and flexible wire 13, block 3 gives an enabling signal to block 4, and if there is active resistance of the measured circuit between probe 12 and flexible wire 13, then block 2 is triggered and with a time delay t = 0.5 s it gives a signal permission to the second input of block 4. As a result, a signal appears at the output of the latter, which is amplified by block 5, and a signal is output from its output to the control electrode of the trinistor 1. The trinistor 1 opens, and if the ohmic resistance between the probe 12 and the flexible wire 13 is sufficiently small ( not more than 10 Ohm), then the incandescent lamp 9 lights up. By the degree of its incandescence, one can approximately estimate the resistance value of the circuit. By the brightness of the LEDs in block 3, you can also estimate the amount of voltage applied to the probe 12 and flexible wire 13.

The universal probe works as follows. Block 2 is made on transistor 11. When the probe probe 12 is connected to the measured resistance of the circuit, transistor 11 opens along the circuit: plus power supply 10 - flexible wire 13 - measured resistance Rx -probe 12 - resistor 14 - emitter junction of transistor 11 - minus power supply 10 After a time delay t = 0.5 s, determined by elements 15 and 16, the opening signal is applied to the base of transistor 17, which acts as a power amplifier. If at the same time transistors 18 and 19 are closed, then transistor 17 opens, an opening signal is sent to the control electrode of trinistor 1. The latter opens, and lamp 9 lights up if the measured resistance is 10 ohms or less. To determine the “phase”, the service engineer applies the end of the probe 12 to the wire, while touching the sensor pad 20 with his thumb. voltage indicator). A capacitive current begins to flow through the human body, under the influence of which the neon lamp 6 begins to glow, the current is limited by a protective resistor 22. For a person, this current lies far below the sensitivity threshold, about 220 V / 2 MΩ = 100 μA. To increase the reliability and safety of the universal probe operation, the trinistor controlled by the control device, neon lamp, LEDs, incandescent lamp, power supply, protective and input resistors are placed inside the explosion-proof housing.

In the case when voltage is applied to probe 12 of the probe, with a negative pole to probe 12, LED 8 lights up, indicating the polarity of the applied voltage, and transistor 18 also opens. With its collector-emitter junction, it shunts the base of transistor 17 to the housing, thereby prohibiting the passage signal to open trinistor 1.

In the case when voltage is applied to probe 12 of the probe, with a positive pole to probe 12, LED 7 lights up, indicating the polarity of the applied voltage, and transistor 23 also opens. The collector current of transistor 23 opens transistor 19, which shunts the base of the transistor with its collector-emitter junction 17 on the body, thereby prohibiting the passage of the signal to open the trinistor 1.

Since the power supply 10 is connected to the opposite applied voltage to the probe 12, to equalize the conditions for opening transistors 18 and 19, a zener diode 24 is included in the base circuit of transistor 18, the voltage drop across which is approximately equal to the voltage of power supply 10. Transistors 18 and 19 will open at the same the voltage value on the probe 12 for any polarity. When AC voltage is applied to probe 12, both LEDs 7 and 8 light up, transistors 18 and 19 open alternately, keeping transistor 17 closed.

To improve the reliability and safety of the universal probe, the trinistor 1, the control device represented by blocks 2-5, the neon lamp 6, the incandescent lamp 9, the power supply 10, the protective 22 and input 21 resistors are placed inside the explosion-proof housing.

This probe allows an employee to check the installation of cable lines of an electrical installation without the use of digital and pointer measuring instruments (multimeters), namely, ring cable lines throughout the entire electrical circuit (from source to receiver), determine a break in any cable conductor, determine a ground fault and (or ) closure of conductors to each other. The probe is equipped with a thyristor that performs the function of an "electronic key", allowing it to automatically show the presence of mains voltage on the probe probes (voltage indicator mode), while protecting the electronic components of the boards participating in the "ringing" mode and the incandescent lamp from failure.

Claims (3)

1. A universal electrician's probe containing a series-connected probe, an incandescent lamp, a trinistor controlled by a control device and a power source, in addition, LEDs and a circuit of a series-connected input resistor and a neon lamp, characterized in that a circuit of a series-connected input resistor and a neon lamp is connected between the positive pole and the output between the probe and the incandescent lamp, a series-connected protective resistor and a touch pad are introduced, while the free output of the protective resistor is connected to the output of the neon lamp connected to the negative pole of the power source, while the value of the input resistance is in the range 1 .5-2 MΩ. 2. Universal electrician's probe according to claim 1, characterized in that the trinistor controlled by the control device, neon lamp, LEDs, incandescent lamp, power supply, protective and input resistors are placed inside the explosion-proof housing. 3. A universal electrician's probe according to claim 1, characterized in that a battery of galvanic cells with a voltage of 3 V acts as a power source.

Images