RU2171562C1 - Share - Google Patents

Abstract

FIELD: agricultural engineering. SUBSTANCE: share has casing, two disks of different diameters having sharpened outer edges, roller bearings, seed pipe, baffle (sweeper), pressure spring and carrier. Disk rotation shafts are arranged in casing so that disks converge in front part to define wedge with acute angle of 11-12 deg. Contact (convergence) points are on line extending through centers of circles and defining an angle with vertical line of δ=40-46 deg for rotation at different frequencies and cutting of stubble and plant remains. Such construction provides for self-cleaning of share and, consequently, eliminates manual work for additional cleaning. EFFECT: enhanced reliability in operation, improved seeding quality and increased yield. 4 dwg

Description

 The invention relates to agricultural machinery, in particular to disk coulters for sowing cereals, legumes and other crops.

 A close device that can perform seed placement in the soil is the device presented in the USSR copyright certificate N 1676484, class. A 01 C 7/20, 1991

 This coulter contains a housing of complex shape, a seed guide and two disks displaced relative to each other in the direction of movement, the plane of the front disk deviating from the direction of movement, the plane of the rear lying in the plane of movement of the unit. This design of the coulter leads to unilateral impact on it from the side of the soil, violating the stability of its movement, and therefore to the uneven distribution of seeds in the soil, which does not provide the basic requirement of agricultural technology. In addition, this design is prone to clogging with crop and plant residues, which leads to a decrease in the reliability of its operation.

 The closest technical solution to the proposed invention (prototype) is the design of a double-disc coulter (NI Klenin, VA Sakun. Agricultural and reclamation machines. M: Kolos, 1994, S. 222.225).

 This double disc coulter consists of a housing; two disks of the same diameter, pointed along the outer circles and located to each other at an acute angle; two rolling bearings; a reflective plate, it is also a scraper; branch pipe for seeds; leash and pressure spring. When the coulter moves, the discs rotate, cut into the soil, forming a furrow into which the seeds are fed. This design allows this coulter to work on high density soils.

 However, these coulters are prone to clogging with crop and plant residues, which reduces the reliability of their work, worsens the quality of sowing, and therefore leads to lower yields. Periodic manual cleaning requires additional labor costs.

 The technical challenge is the ability to ensure self-cleaning of the coulter, increasing the reliability of its work, improving the quality of sowing, and therefore, increasing productivity.

The solution to this technical problem is achieved in the proposed opener design, comprising a housing, two discs of different diameters, pointed around the outer circumferences, two rolling bearings, a nozzle for seeds, a reflection plate (scraper), a pressure spring and a leash, where according to the invention the discs are made with different diameters , and their axis of rotation are located in the opener body so that the discs converge in the front part, forming a wedge with an acute angle (11 ... 12 ^o ), and the point of contact (convergence) lies on the line passing through the prices three circles of discs and forming an angle with the vertical δ = 40 ... 60 ^o .

где
n₁ и n₂ - частоты вращения соответственно меньшего и большего диска; V₁ = V₂ = V - поступательная скорость сеялки (сошника): R₁ и R₂ - радиусы соответственно меньшего и большего дисков: π = 3,14 - постоянное число отсюда

, то есть частота вращения каждого диска обратно пропорциональна его радиусу. Оси вращения расположены в корпусе сошника таким образом, что диски сходятся в передней части, образуя клин с острым углом (11...12^o), причем точка соприкосновения (схождения) их лежит на линии, проходящей через центры окружностей дисков и образующей угол с вертикалью δ = 40...60^o, что соответствует при работе сошника ее положение выше поверхности почвы, но ниже горизонтального диаметра меньшего диска. Вращаясь с разными частотами и соприкасаясь в передней части заостренными элементами, диски разрезают пожнивные и растительные остатки, причем меньший диск, имея большую частоту вращения, выполняет роль режущего элемента, а больший диск, имея меньшую частоту вращения - противорежущего элемента, что обеспечивает самоочистку сошника.Disks pointed on the outer circles, crashing into the soil, rotate at different frequencies, namely:

Where
n ₁ and n ₂ are the rotational speeds of the smaller and larger discs, respectively; V ₁ = V ₂ = V is the translational speed of the seeder (opener): R ₁ and R ₂ are the radii of the smaller and larger discs, respectively: π = 3.14 is a constant number from here

, that is, the rotation frequency of each disk is inversely proportional to its radius. The rotation axes are located in the coulter body so that the disks converge in the front part, forming a wedge with an acute angle (11 ... 12 ^o ), and the point of contact (convergence) of them lies on a line passing through the centers of the disk circles and forming an angle with the vertical δ = 40 ... 60 ^o , which corresponds to the position of the coulter when it is above the soil surface, but below the horizontal diameter of the smaller disk. Rotating with different frequencies and touching the front parts with pointed elements, the disks cut crop and plant residues, the smaller disc having a higher rotational speed acts as a cutting element, and the larger disc, having a lower rotational speed, acts as a cutting element, which ensures the coulter self-cleaning.

The novelty and originality of the proposed design lies in the fact that the coulter discs are made of different diameters, which, cutting the soil, roll with different rotational speeds inversely proportional to the radii, and the rotational axes of the discs are located in the case so that the discs converge in front, forming a wedge with angle γ = 11 ^o ... 12 and the contact point lies on a line passing through the centers of circular discs and forming an angle with the vertical δ = 40 ... 60 ^o, which corresponds with the coulter its position - above the surface of n chvy but lower horizontal smaller disk diameter. Thanks to this design, the disks, rotating with different frequencies and touching the front parts with pointed elements, cut crop and plant residues, which ensures the coulter self-cleaning, leading to increased reliability, elimination of manual labor for additional cleaning, increased productivity, improved sowing quality and increased the crop.

 The proposed opener design allows its use in seeders with mechanical and pneumatic seed delivery.

 In FIG. 1 shows the opener - front view; FIG. 2 is a side view; FIG. 3 - section along aa; FIG. 4 - fragment D of FIG. 3 sections AA.

The coulter consists of a housing 1, equipped with axles - 2 and 3; disks - 4 and 5, pointed along the outer circles; two rolling bearings - 6 and 7; a branch pipe for seeds - 8, a reflective plate (it is a scraper) - 9; the leash - 10 and the pressure spring - 11. The housing 1 is equipped with axles 2 and 3 with such an arrangement that the discs 4 and 5 are inclined at an acute angle (11 ... 12 ^o ) and touch at the point "m", which lies in front on a line passing through the centers of the circles of the disks and forming an angle with the vertical δ = 40 ... 60 ^o .

, сошник под действием собственной силы тяжести и нажимной пружины 11 входит в почву, образуя бороздку, в которую подаются семена из семяпровода 12, через патрубок для семян 8 и с помощью отражательной пластины 9.The coulter works as follows. Moving with a leash 10 in the direction of the arrow

, the coulter under the influence of its own gravity and pressure spring 11 enters the soil, forming a groove into which the seeds are fed from the vas deferens 12, through the pipe for seeds 8 and with the help of the reflective plate 9.

Disks 4 and 5, having different diameters, but the same translational speed V, rotate freely in rolling bearings 6 and 7 on axes 2 and 3, acquire different speeds, inversely proportional to their radii. Due to the different rotational speeds of the disks 4 and 5 and their location to each other at an acute angle (11 ... 12 ^o ), the point of contact "m" lies in front of the line passing through the centers of the circles of the disks and forming an angle with the vertical δ (40. ..60 ^o ), which corresponds to the position of the coulter above the soil surface, but below the horizontal diameter of the smaller disc, the coulter cuts crop and plant residues that accumulate on the soil surface, that is, within the point "m" . A smaller disk 4, having a higher rotational speed, acts as a cutting element, and a larger disk 5, having a lower frequency, acts as an opposing element. When cutting crop and plant residues, the latter is diverted by the disk planes 4 and 5 to the sides and the coulter self-cleaning, which leads to increased reliability of the coulter, elimination of additional (heavy) manual labor, increased productivity of the sowing unit and improved quality of sowing, and, consequently, increase productivity.

Claims (1)

A coulter comprising a housing, two discs sharpened on the outer circumferences and located at an acute angle to each other, two rolling bearings, a nozzle for seeds, a reflective plate, a pressure spring and a leash, characterized in that the discs are made with different diameters and their axes rotations are located in the opener body so that the disks converge in the front part, forming a wedge with an acute angle (11 - 12 ^o ), and the point of contact (convergence) lies on a line passing through the centers of the disk circles and forming an angle with the vertical δ = 40 - 60 ^o .

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