RU216854U1 - SHELL-PROOF EXPLOSIVE FLUTTER - Google Patents

Abstract

The utility model relates to the field of blasting technology and the study of fast explosive processes, in particular, to radiographic studies of the physical and mechanical properties of materials subjected to intense dynamic loads created by loading devices using explosives (explosives). Anti-fragmentation explosive shutter contains an annular explosive charge in the body and a registration channel protruding beyond the body and made with the possibility of connection with the body of the localizing device. A fusible coating is applied to the inner surface of the registration channel. The registration channel covers the damper, which covers the distributor and an annular explosive charge that contacts with it at the end. The distributor is equipped with a detonation circuit connected to the detonation transfer element with an electric detonator, located on its outer surface symmetrically with respect to the detonation transfer element and evenly distributed over the entire end face of the distributor in contact with the annular explosive charge. The explosive charge ring is made stepped, while the central stage is made with a larger diameter than the outer ones, and sufficient for complete closing of the registration channel walls. The technical result is an increase in tightness and information content during explosive studies of toxic and radioactive substances. 4 ill.

Description

The utility model relates to the field of blasting technology and the study of fast explosive processes, in particular, to radiographic studies of the physical and mechanical properties of materials subjected to intense dynamic loads created by loading devices using explosives. Localizing thermal chambers used to study the properties of toxic radioactive materials have registration channels. To localize radioactive aerosols, the registration channels are blocked by explosive localizing devices - shutters.

A device for emergency closing of pipelines is known, including a housing connected to the pipeline with a channel perpendicular to the pipeline, in which a shut-off device equipped with an explosive drive is placed, with the possibility of translational movement in the channel under the action of explosion products formed during the detonation of an explosive charge (patent RU 2599213 C1, 10/10/2016, IPC F16K 17/40). The shut-off body is made with an internal cavity of a cylindrical shape, the channel in the area of intersection with the pipeline is conical, and the shut-off body is in the form of a truncated cone, while the taper angle of the channel corresponds to the taper angle of the shut-off body and is 5-10°, the diameter of the smaller base of the shut-off body corresponds to the cross section of the channel in the zone of intersection with the pipeline at a height of 0.6-0.8 from the height of the channel in this zone. As an explosive drive, a gas-dynamic pressure source installed in the cavity of the shut-off body is used, the diameter of the outer surface of which coincides with the size of the cavity of the shut-off body, and in its body, from the side of the zone of intersection of the channel with the pipeline, a hole is made, closed by a destructible membrane, opposite which an explosive charge is installed substance, detonation associated with the source of initiation, located outside the housing of the gas-dynamic pressure source. At the same time, the shut-off element and the gas-dynamic pressure source are fixed on the body of the device with the formation of a free volume between the inner wall of the shut-off element and the membrane.

This technical solution refers to locking devices of disposable (explosive) action, designed for emergency cut-off of channels through which accident products can escape into the environment and ensures quick and hermetic shutdown of the pipeline. The use of this device makes it possible to prevent the catastrophic development of an emergency in case of violation of the integrity of the pipeline and to minimize the material and environmental damage from the accident.

However, during operation, the locking element may be distorted due to the small area of its contact with the body during movement and the one-sided action of the flow through the pipeline, as a result of which it provides low tightness.

A radiolucent explosion localizer is known (patent RU 2208222 C1, 10.07.2003, IPC F42D 5/04), which includes one or more dispersant-filled chambers with a sheath made of elastic material and a cavity for accommodating a localizable explosive device. The shell is made of a material with a linear X-ray attenuation coefficient of not more than 20 m ^-1 .

This device is suitable for containment of toxic materials generated during the study, and its use allows the use of portable x-ray machines. However, the disadvantage of this device is the lack of protection against fragments generated during the explosion of the loading device, which can lead to depressurization of the localizing device and contamination of the surrounding space with hazardous substances. Also, the presence of a continuous shell of an X-ray attenuating material reduces the information content of the X-ray result.

The closest analogue, chosen as a prototype, is a dynamic shutter, known from the invention called "Localizing device for radiographic studies of explosive processes" (patent RU 2367899 C1, 20.09.2009, IPC F42D 5/04), in the body of which there is an explosive charge substance (BB), covering the registration channel, protruding beyond the body and connected to the body of the localizing device.

The locating device contains an explosion chamber, in the body of which two diametrically opposite holes are made for the passage of a radiographic radiation flux, and plugs, including elements sensitive to the specified radiation. Damping devices protruding beyond its limits (registration channels) are introduced into the openings of the body to reduce the explosive load, a plug is installed on the outer end of each of them. The plug includes an element that is sensitive to radiation and closes the hole in the housing of the localizing device, and other elements for hermetically fastening the specified element to the damping device. The damping device contains an input fixed at one end in the hole of the localizing device. The cylindrical shell of the damping device is attached to the outer flange of the input. The shell may be filled with a porous material. The dynamic shutter installed in front of the plug includes a cylindrical shell of the damping device. The shell walls have a damping pad. The body of the dynamic shutter localizes the products of the explosion due to the ring explosive charge used in it.

When high-speed fragments with high penetrating power are formed during the explosion of the dynamic model under study, which cannot be slowed down, a dynamic shutter is used to quickly close the cavity of the damping device shell within a time interval (~100 μs) after the passage of the radiation flux until the fragments approach.

After its operation, due to the convergence of the shell walls to the center, the cavity is blocked, the fragments are caught by the steel walls of the pinched shell and do not reach the thin-walled elements of the plug.

The body of the dynamic shutter protects the environment from the explosion products of the explosive charge used in it.

However, the principle of attaching the dynamic shutter to the localizing device is unreliable, which creates a dynamic effect at the attachment point; when conducting research, the formation of through pores during channel compression is possible, which leads to a decrease in tightness, and the presence of a barrier reduces the information content of the experiments.

The technical result obtained by using the proposed technical solution is to increase the tightness and information content during explosive studies of toxic and radioactive substances.

The specified technical result is achieved by the fact that the anti-fragmentation explosive shutter, in the body of which there is an explosive charge (HE) and a registration channel protruding beyond the body and connected to the body of the localizing device, according to the proposed technical solution, is equipped with a damper, covering the registration channel, a detonation transmission element with an electric detonator and a distributor covering the damper and in contact with the explosive charge, the central part of which is made with a large diameter, a fusible coating is applied to the inner surface of the registration channel, the distributor is equipped with a detonation circuit located on its outer surface symmetrically with respect to the detonation transmission element and associated with it , and evenly distributed over the entire end face of the distributor in contact with the explosive charge, which covers the damper.

The totality of the listed features achieves an increase in tightness and information content during explosive research. This was achieved through the following. The charge in contact with the detonation chain of the distributor, which is located on its surface symmetrically with respect to the detonation transfer element, has, respectively, a uniform effect on the registration channel when it is compressed, and the resulting microcavities in the registration channel are filled with a low-melting coating material of the inner surface of the channel. Due to the uniform compression of the channel, the impact on the fastening elements of the explosive shutter to the localizing device is also uniform, which minimizes the impact of the shutter on the localizing device. At the same time, the registration channel is made open for radiation, which ensures the X-ray flux is unchanged, and, consequently, reliable information taken during the radiographic registration of the object of study, which improves the detail of radiographic images. All this increases the reliability of the hermetic overlap of the channel during operation, allows you to work in an accident-free mode and makes it possible to register fast processes in the object of study without barriers.

When analyzing the prior art, no analogues were found that are characterized by features that are identical to all the essential features of this utility model. And also, the fact of the popularity of the influence of the features included in the formula on the technical result of the proposed technical solution has not been revealed. Therefore, the claimed utility model meets the condition of "novelty".

In FIG. 1 shows a localizing device.

In FIG. 2 shows the proposed explosive shutter.

In FIG. 3 shows a distributor.

In FIG. 4 shows the explosive shutter after operation.

Anti-fragmentation explosive shutter 1 is used in the localizing device 2 in the study of fast processes in toxic and radioactive materials under explosive action (Fig. 1). Explosive shutter contains: housing 3, explosive charge 4, damper 5, registration channel 6, distributor 7 and detonation transmission element 8 with electric detonator 9 (Fig. 2). The registration channel 6 is located in the body 3 of the shutter 1, protrudes beyond its limits and is connected to the body of the localizing device 2 by a flange. The channel 6 covers the damper 5, made in the form of a sleeve, which in turn covers the explosive charge 4, made in steps. In this case, the central part of the explosive charge is made with a large diameter sufficient for complete closing of the registration channel walls. The required diameter of the central part of the charge is calculated before the experiment.

The distributor 7 is made in the form of a bushing that covers the damper 5 and contacts with the explosive charge 4. The distributor 7 is equipped with a detonation circuit 10 located on its outer surface symmetrically with respect to the detonation transmission element 8 and associated with it (Fig. 3). At the same time, the detonation chain 10 is evenly distributed over the entire end of the distributor 7, which is in contact with the explosive charge 4. The detonation chain 10 is made in the form of rectangular grooves, which are located perpendicular and parallel to the axis of the distributor. At the intersection of the parallel and perpendicular grooves (points of initiation), the detonation chain is branched. Thus, the initiation points adjacent to the charge 4 are located equidistantly around the circumference.

A fusible coating is applied to the inner surface of the registration channel 6, which makes it possible to fill microvoids when the channel converges, thereby ensuring reliable sealing.

Shatterproof explosive shutter works as follows.

Explosive shutters 1 are installed in pairs opposite each other inside the localizing device 2. An object of study 11 with a loading explosive device is placed along the central axis of the localizing device at the level of the central axis of the explosive shutter. After undermining the loading device, after some time, X-ray registration of the process under study in the object is performed. At this moment, an initiating pulse is applied to the electric detonators 9 of the explosive shutters 1.

When a high-voltage pulse is applied to the electric detonator 9, the detonation of the explosive column in the detonation transfer element 8 is initiated. 4 from its end is symmetrical along the ring. In the sliding detonation mode, the registration channel 6 is compressed. The movement of the detonation wave along the charge 4 from layers of lesser thickness to the layer of maximum thickness, and then to layers of smaller thickness, ensures a smooth increase in the impact on the registration channel 6 and a smooth decrease when the detonation passes through the central section of the charge 4. Thus, a sharp transition from the uncompressed part of the registration channel 6 to the compressed part is prevented, preventing its breakage. The registration channel 6 is symmetrically compressed by the explosive charge 4 detonating along the ring. With symmetrical compression, there is no bending moment acting on the fastening of the registration channel 6 to the body of the localizing device 2.

Coating the inner surface of the registration channel 6 with a fusible coating makes it possible to fill microvoids when the channel shell converges, thereby ensuring reliable sealing. The initiation by a multi-point distributor 7 of the charge 4 and the staggered arrangement of the explosive create a uniform compression of the registration channel 6. The location of the shutter inside the body of the localizing device 2 does not require its own explosion-proof device for the shutter. The design of the shutter has no elements blocking the registration channel 6, which improves the clarity of images of radiographic or protonographic registration, and also allows high-speed video recording of the object.

Thus, the presented data testify to the fulfillment of the following set of conditions when using the claimed utility model:

- a tool that embodies the claimed device in its implementation, is intended for use in various industries (in technological systems of research, testing and production complexes associated with the movement of gas and liquid working environments, including aggressive and (or) radioactive environments);

- for the claimed device in the form in which it is characterized in the formula of the utility model, the possibility of its implementation is confirmed.

Therefore, the claimed utility model meets the condition of "industrial applicability".

Claims (1)

Anti-fragmentation explosive shutter, in the body of which there is an annular explosive charge and a registration channel protruding beyond the body and made with the possibility of connection with the body of the localizing device, characterized in that a fusible coating is applied to the inner surface of the registration channel, the registration channel covers the damper , which covers the distributor and the annular explosive charge in contact with it at the end, the distributor is equipped with a detonation circuit connected to the detonation transfer element with an electric detonator, located on its outer surface symmetrically with respect to the detonation transfer element and evenly distributed over the entire end face of the distributor in contact with the annular explosive charge, the explosive charge ring is stepped, while the central stage is made with a larger diameter than the outer ones, and sufficient for complete closing of the registration channel walls.

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