RU216726U1 - STREET LIGHT WITH CYLINDRICAL SOLAR PANEL - Google Patents

Abstract

The utility model relates to electrical engineering, namely to devices designed to convert solar energy into electrical energy. The street lamp contains a cylindrical pole, a cylindrical solar panel mounted on the pole with fixing rings, and a luminaire mounted on the top of the pole, the cylindrical solar panel consists of a cylindrical flexible base, a panel of single-crystal solar photocells mounted on the base, a cylindrical transparent protective casing installed on top of the panel, wherein each single-crystal solar photocell of the panel is made divided into parts, and the electrical connection of the photocells to each other is made in parallel and in series. The technical result is to increase the efficiency of work while ensuring the durability of the structure. 14 w.p. f-ly, 4 ill.

Description

Field of technology to which the utility model belongs

This utility model relates to electrical engineering, namely to devices designed to convert solar energy into electrical energy.

State of the art

To date, hundreds of projects based on solar energy have been implemented around the world. Countries located closer to the equator, as well as with a hot and warm climate (the countries of the Persian Gulf, Australia and southern Europe), have 340-355 sunny days a year, which favorably affects the implementation of such projects. But, as a rule, this is accompanied by a low level of precipitation and a high concentration of dust in the air. As a result, existing solar energy parks face the following problems.

A high concentration of dust in the air leads to a rapid dusting of flat solar panels, usually installed 35 degrees above a street light, which leads to a decrease in the efficiency of the panels. As an example, a solar panel covered by 7% dust stops producing electricity, as a result of which solutions on flat solar panels located above the lantern need to be dusted weekly. At the same time, cleaning 100-150 street light poles with a pole height of 10 meters will require additional labor, equipment, human resources, which will unreasonably lead to additional costs and an increase in the cost of service and maintenance of the project.

Also, all solar panels are subject to the so-called "shadow effect", which does not allow solar cells to work at maximum power.

From the prior art known source KR20120093697A, 08/23/2012, which describes the solar panel. The panel may preferably be a solar module and be located on the east, south and west sides of the lamp post, preferably formed as a thin plate that can be bent to fit around the outer surface of the post in a quadrilateral shape. The solar battery module may include one of the solar-charged batteries and a control unit to control the on/off of the lamp unit.

The disadvantages of this solution is that such a design has a shadow effect, has low efficiency, low capacity and power, in addition, there is a sail effect that affects stability and safety when installed on vertical structures, while it does not have protection from dust and scratches, which affects the durability, reliability and preservation of the original design parameters, including the efficiency. Also, this implementation of the panel is quite laborious.

The claimed solution eliminates these shortcomings and allows you to achieve the claimed technical result.

Utility Model Disclosure

The technical task is to develop a street lamp with a solar panel, which has high efficiency with high efficiency and the absence of the effect of shadow and windage, which is a durable, reliable and safe design with low labor intensity during manufacture and installation, which can be used for main roads.

The technical result is to increase the efficiency of work while ensuring the durability of the structure.

To solve the task with the achievement of the claimed technical result, the street lamp contains a cylindrical pole, a cylindrical solar panel mounted on the pole with fixing rings, and a lamp mounted on the top of the pole, the cylindrical solar panel consists of a cylindrical flexible base, a panel of monocrystalline solar photocells installed on the basis of a cylindrical transparent protective casing installed on top of the panel, each single-crystal solar photocell of the panel is made divided into parts, and the electrical connection of the photocells to each other is made in parallel and in series.

In addition, each monocrystalline solar cell of the panel is divided into six parts.

In addition, the photocells of the first half of the panel are connected to each other in series, the photocells of the second half of the panel are also connected to each other in series, and the two said halves of the photocells are connected to each other in parallel.

In addition, the electrical connection of the parts of each photocell of the panel to each other is made in series and in parallel.

In addition, parts of the first half of the photocell are connected to each other in series, parts of the second half of the photocell are also connected to each other in series, and the two said halves of the photocell are connected to each other in parallel.

In addition, the flexible base is made of ethylene tetrafluoroethylene or polyethylene terephthalate.

In addition, polyethylene terephthalate is made electrically conductive or with an aluminum gasket for connecting photocells.

In addition, the aluminum spacer is made with a layer of 0.1mm.

In addition, the parts of each monocrystalline solar cell are made at a distance of 5 mm between them.

In addition, the cylindrical transparent protective cover is made of glass or acrylic or PVC.

In addition, borosilicate glass is used as the glass.

In addition, it additionally includes anti-reflective, anti-heating and nanoceramic coatings.

In addition, fixing rings are installed on both sides of the cylindrical solar panel.

In addition, the fixing rings are made of a high-quality polymer that does not expand or contract when exposed to external temperatures due to its physical properties.

In addition, each locking ring consists of two halves.

Brief description of the drawings

Fig.1 - Street lamp with a solar panel;

Fig.2 - Photocell (solar cell) divided into parts with a connection diagram of the parts;

Fig.3 - Solar panel of photocells;

Fig.4 - Scheme of connection of photocells of the solar panel.

The following elements are marked in the figures:

1 - Street lamp;

2 - Pillar;

3 - Lamp;

4 - Solar panel;

5 - Fixing rings.

Implementation of the utility model

The claimed street lamp 1, which is shown in FIG. 1 comprises a cylindrical pole 2, a cylindrical solar panel 4 mounted on and around the pole, and a lamp 3 mounted on top of the pole above the solar panel.

The claimed design of the solar cylindrical panel 4 is a sandwich cylinder of several main layers stacked on top of each other, namely:

- base substrate,

- A panel of photocells, including a positive contact, a p-layer, an intermediate n-p layer, an n-layer, a negative contact.

- Protective transparent coating (glass or transparent material) with dustproof, antistatic and nanoceramic layers.

As a base layer, a substrate made of polyethylene or a similar material is used, for example, based on a component of ETFE (Ethylenetetrafluoroethylene), which is flexible/semi-flexible, which allows the panel to be rolled into a cylinder.

In addition, two types of materials can be used as the back pad, such as: conductive PET or PET with 0.1 mm aluminum spacer (layer) for connecting photocells.

Photocells are installed on the substrate. The solar cell can be an organic or chemical solar cell (eg single crystal solar cell or CIGS or CDTE). Each cell is divided (cut), for example, along, into six parts, to obtain the necessary flexibility, which is necessary to give the panel a fully cylindrical shape. The distance between cells can be equal to 5 mm.

Also, an antiglare substrate can be placed between the base substrate and the positive contact of the panel layer with photocells.

Since the panel has a round shape, about 30-50% of the total area of the cylinder works during the day, and 50% is in the shade. In the claimed solution, the cells are connected to each other by serial and parallel connection, which ensures the complete elimination of the shadow effect.

Acrylic, PVC or a transparent glass cylinder with built-in reflector elements can be used as a protective transparent coating, which can increase the efficiency of power generation by 2-5%.

Borosilicate glass can be used as a glass cylinder, because the panel is constantly outdoors under the influence of various climates, and with a high solar cell life factor of 20-25 years, it is necessary to reliably cover the panel during this service life.

The acrylic, PVC, or clear glass cylinder is coated with a nano-ceramic coating that provides scratch resistance, heat reduction, anti-dust and anti-static properties.

Between the protective transparent coating and the negative contact of the panel layer with photocells, a layer of transparent adhesive or silicone can be made.

Appropriate rings can be used to fasten and fix the panel to the pole at the top and bottom.

The panel after manufacturing on the back side has a horizontal output (junction box) with only two +/- contacts for full-fledged work. A protective diode can also be soldered in to prevent the circulation of electric current, which prevents the panel from heating up.

The main advantages over analogues:

1) The shape of the panel is a cylinder. Others use flat panel, quadrilateral vertical panels, hexagonal vertical panels. The polyhedral shapes of the panels have a shadow effect, and the production of their panels is laborious and expensive, since they require a cylindrical frame.

2) No one separates (cuts) the solar cell into parts, including six parts, and does not electrically connect in a special way both the photocells themselves and, accordingly, their parts, which is an innovation.

If we consider the technological solutions of analogues, they mainly use an amorphous silicone photocell, the efficiency of which does not exceed 8-10% and makes it possible to produce low-power street lights, a maximum of 80-90W per LED lamp. That is, if the flashlight is two-armed, then they will be forced to use two LED lamps of 45W each.

Some manufacturers use a single crystal PV cell, but they don't cut the cage, they bend it 25% and create a three-row panel on an aluminum frame, having three rows of vertical PV panels, which is 33% lower than the capacity of their panels compared to the declared one. Also, the production of panels is expensive.

Compared to flat panels, the proposed solution does not have a sailing effect and remains stable at wind levels of 6-7 categories at wind speeds of 50-61 km/h. Efficiency - 360 degrees, which can significantly increase the power of the panel to generate electricity.

In addition, this solution makes it possible to implement the production of solar street lamps for main roads, which in principle cannot be implemented with standard flat panels: to obtain 500W of electricity, it is required to install about 2-3 flat panels per 1 pole, which will increase the weight of the structure, effect windage, etc.

Thanks to the new technological design, it is possible to install up to 7 panels per pole with an average power of one panel of -110-180W.

Also, panels of analogues, in addition to the effect of windage due to the shape, have a lot of weight (about 25-45kg), which can also affect the windage of the pole, which is unsafe. In the event of a car accident when a car collides with a pole, a heavy module (s) can cause damage to vehicles and people in the car when falling. Unlike such analogues, the claimed panel weighs 10 kg, and the panel production technology itself allows you to roll a flat sheet into a cylindrical shape and install a glass cylinder on top, which is an inexpensive, technologically simple and effective solution for this type of product.

For the claimed solution, the task was to create a highly efficient street lamp, increase the area covered by the surface of the panel with the sun or light, and achieve a higher efficiency of energy generation. Since the panel has a cylindrical shape, the visibility to the sun is 360 degrees, so the task was to determine the diameter of the pole, as it turned out for a pole 16m high (maximum height for use in street lighting), the optimal outer diameter is 200-217mm, this diameter is ideal for the windage of the poles , with wind gusts up to level VII.

If the working diameter is 200mm, respectively, in order to insert the panel inside the glass tube, it is necessary to determine the width of the "sheet" of the solar panel: D*π=L or 200*3.14=628mm, i.e. the width of the panel or base is 628mm. But a transparent material is used to cover the panel, respectively, the wall thickness of the coating (glass, PVC, etc.) is 5mm; by default, the width is 595mm, respectively.

The standard solar mono/poly silicone cage is 125mmX125mm, respectively, according to the width of the sheet, we can place four cages with a size of 125mmX125mm, then by determining the chord, for bending we determined the length of the chord equal to 20mm.

Accordingly, a 125mm cage can be cut into six parts, this expensive operation is performed on a special laser cutter. When divided into a smaller number of parts, the efficiency will decrease by 25%, and for a larger number, the time and labor intensity of manufacturing will increase, and the risk of marriage and cell damage increases.

The distance between the separated parts of the element can be equal to 5mm, as a result of which it became possible to bend each row of cells by 45-50%, as a result, it was possible to achieve greater panel capacity, as well as efficiency, which made it possible to develop absolutely industrial solutions using 120W LED lamps. For example, it is possible to install 4-6 120W LED lamps on one 14 meter pole. None of the analogues can work with powerful industrial lamps, the maximum that the market will offer is 60-80W LED lamps. The distance between the parts of the photocell was chosen to be 5 mm, since when a distance of less or more than 5 mm is obtained, the contacts will break.

Scheme of connecting cells (cells) of photocells to each other and in the panel.

In low-precision electricity (5V, 12V, 24V, etc.) DC there is polarity, +/- and two types of connection is series and parallel, when two elements are connected in series, for example, we have: Voltage=12V⋅ 2=24V, Current=5A, Power=5W⋅2=10W, and when connected in parallel: Voltage=12V=12V, Current=5A⋅2=10A, Power=5W⋅2=10W, i.e. connection (series or parallel) it is possible to change the current or voltage, this allows you to create solutions or panels of different voltages and currents (the power remains the same and is summed in any connection).

If we take three elements (cells) A, B, and C, connect them in series, then when the connection is broken, in this case it is a cylindrical panel (there is a shadow effect), then the network breaks, and if cell B for some reason or for some reason falls into the shadow (the connection is broken), then the serial connection will break the connection between A and C, and out of the three elements only one C will work, but if you establish a parallel connection, then when the network breaks, element B, elements A and C will continue to work .

Standard mono/poly silicone cage or element (cell) 125mmX125mm has the following parameters:

Voltage: 0.5V

Current: 3A

Power: 1.5W

When cutting the element (cell) into 6 parts (Fig.1) we get: 0.5V=0.5V, 3A:6=0.5A, 1.5Watt:6=0.25Watt

Parameters of 1/6 of the cell:

Voltage: 0.5V

Current: 0.5A

Power: 0.25W

If you connect all cell elements in parallel, then the cell parameters will not change:

Voltage: 0.5V

Current: 3A

Power: 1.5W

And if in sequence:

Voltage: 3V

Current: 0.5A

Power: 1.5W

From figure 2, we see that we have 32 cells or elements on the panel, if we connect all the cells in parallel, we get

Voltage: 0.5V

Current: 3A⋅32=96A

Power: 1.5W⋅32=48W

And if in sequence:

Voltage: 0.5V⋅32=16V

Current: 3A

Power: 1.5W⋅32=48W

As a result, we can see that when connected in parallel, we have a low voltage that does not allow the panel to function normally, and when connected in series, the current is too low to charge the batteries.

In this regard, a mixed 50/50 connection scheme was developed, i.e. the first half has a serial connection, the second half also has a serial connection with each other, and the two halves together have a parallel connection, for example, in the case of 6 (six) parts of the photocell, their connection is as follows (Fig.1): the first 3 (three) parts are in series connected to each other, the other 3 (three) are also connected in series, and 2 (two) of these halves of 3 (three) parts are connected to each other in parallel, and in the case of a panel consisting of 32 (thirty-two) elements, the principle of connecting photocells between themselves is the same: one 16 (sixteen) in series, the other 16 (sixteen) in series, 2 (two) of these halves of 16 (sixteen) are connected in parallel, which eliminates the shadow effect, plus increases the efficiency of energy generation.

With this connection, the parameters of the cell (photocell) are as follows:

Voltage: 0.5V⋅3=1.5V (three cells two segments of 1/6 in series)

Current: 0.5A⋅2=1A (2 by 1/3 in parallel)

Power: 1A⋅1.5V=1.5Watt

With this connection, the panel parameters are as follows:

Voltage: 1.5V⋅16=24V

Current: 1A⋅2=2A

Power: =48W

This structure has good voltage and current strength.

The design of a street lamp having a solar panel of a cylindrical shape, the photocells of which have the above-described electrical connection between each other, provide an increase in the efficiency of the lamp, make it possible to obtain a lamp with a solar panel with a high efficiency, which does not have a shadow effect and the wind effect, and is also durable, reliable and safe design with low labor intensity of manufacturing and installation/dismantling, which can be applied to main roads.

For a fully functional assembly of the panel, we need to place the panel in a cylindrical transparent tube, for this purpose, in order to avoid physical or mechanical damage to the panel and contacts, we heat the tube and the panel itself to a certain temperature, which will allow the panel to be elastic, as well as the contacts between the cells. After we place the panel in the tube, the materials have cooled and the panel is in place, we will seal the seam between the two ends of the panel with rubber silicone or epoxy, which will give us tightness and prevent dust from entering between the glass and the panel itself.

The corresponding two rings can be used to fasten and fix the panel on the pole at the top and bottom. The fastening ring and fixing the panel for various types of fastening can be made of high-quality polymer, which does not have expansion or contraction when exposed to external temperatures due to its physical properties. Each ring consists of two halves, which allows to reduce the production cost of fabrication and press, as well as to simplify the installation / dismantling of the panel. Installation and gluing of fixing rings is carried out on both sides of the glass cylinder. The rings can also act as protective covers to prevent various debris and dust from getting between the panel and the glass, extending the life of the panel and the efficiency of the flashlight. The rings have fasteners and holes for bolts for further fixing the panel to the fasteners and beds. The panel can be installed at any angle, as well as on any fixture.

After installing the panel, the energy generation process begins, because. 30-50% of the panel surface is under the sun, the position of the sun does not affect the quality of energy generation, so when calculating electricity generation, we use a time factor of 10 hours per day. Weather conditions also have little effect on energy generation, because, having a cylindrical shape, dust does not stick to the panel, plus everything else we use antistatic as a nano layer that does not allow dust to accumulate on the surface of a transparent tube.

In winter, if snow or icing occurs on the surface of the panel, then during the day the panel heats up according to its physical properties by 25-40 degrees and the snow and ice melt away, as a result of which the cylindrical shape of the panel does not need to be cleaned. Parallel/Series connection allows the panel to avoid the shadow effect and operate on 100% of the visible surface or operating spectrum of the panel.

Claims (15)

1. A street lamp, characterized in that it contains a cylindrical pole, a cylindrical solar panel mounted on the pole with fixing rings, and a lamp mounted on the top of the pole, and the cylindrical solar panel consists of a cylindrical flexible base, a panel of monocrystalline solar photocells, installed on the basis of a cylindrical transparent protective casing installed on top of the panel, each single-crystal solar photocell of the panel is made divided into parts, and the electrical connection of the photocells to each other is made in parallel and in series. 2. Street lamp according to claim 1, characterized in that each single-crystal solar photocell of the panel is made divided into six parts. 3. A street lamp according to claim 1, characterized in that the photocells of the first half of the panel are connected to each other in series, the photocells of the second half of the panel are also connected to each other in series, and the two halves of the photocells are connected to each other in parallel. 4. A street lamp according to claim 1, characterized in that the electrical connection of the parts of each photocell of the panel to each other is made in series and in parallel. 5. A street lamp according to claim 4, characterized in that the parts of the first half of the photocell are connected to each other in series, the parts of the second half of the photocell are also connected to each other in series, and the two said halves of the photocell are connected to each other in parallel. 6. Street lamp according to claim 1, characterized in that the flexible base is made of ethylene tetrafluoroethylene or polyethylene terephthalate. 7. Street lamp according to claim 6, characterized in that the polyethylene terephthalate is made electrically conductive or with an aluminum gasket for connecting photocells. 8. Street lamp according to claim 7, characterized in that the aluminum spacer is made with a layer of 0.1 mm. 9. Street lamp according to claim 1, characterized in that the parts of each single-crystal solar photocell are made at a distance of 5 mm from each other. 10. Street lamp according to claim 1, characterized in that the cylindrical transparent protective casing is made of glass, or acrylic, or PVC. 11. A street lamp according to claim 10, characterized in that borosilicate glass is used as the glass. 12. Street lamp according to claim 1, characterized in that it additionally includes anti-reflective, anti-heating and nanoceramic coatings. 13. Street lamp according to claim 1, characterized in that the fixing rings are installed on both sides of the cylindrical solar panel. 14. A street lamp according to claim 1, characterized in that the fixing rings are made of a high-quality polymer, which, according to physical properties, does not expand or contract when exposed to external temperatures. 15. Street lamp according to claim 1, characterized in that each fixing ring consists of two halves.

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