RU2163973C1 - Piston machine - Google Patents

Abstract

FIELD: piston machines used in power plant industry as engines including internal combustion engines and pumps. SUBSTANCE: piston machine has cylinders with pistons installed oppositely on brackets of load-carrying frame, shaft with discs located between pistons. Disc opposite surfaces have shaped races in the form of continuous grooves. Cylinders have side slots in which piston pins slip and are engaged by means of roll supports with side surfaces of grooves of both discs. Each piston has two heads between which piston pin is installed. Each cylinder end is closed with heads having inlet and discharge valves. Each cylinder also has side bosses for attachment of brackets to shaft bearing support. EFFECT: reduced friction losses and increased specific power. 2 cl, 2 dwg

Description

 The invention relates to the field of engines and pumps and can be used as an internal combustion engine.

 Known piston machine according to application 97103311, MKI F 02 F 1/24, in which two heads with nozzles are fixed to the cylinder, and the piston has two bottoms and a through hole for the piston pin, which is installed in the lateral longitudinal slots of the cylinder, with the borders of the side slots make up 5/4 of the stroke of the pistons. The ends of the piston pin are connected to the connecting rods of the reciprocating piston to rotational motion of the crankshaft.

 The disadvantage of such designs is the energy loss associated with friction in both connecting rod heads, and the dynamic imbalance of the motion conversion system, characteristic of crank mechanisms.

 Known piston machine Sheremetov, in which the crank mechanism is excluded. The machine contains a shaft with a rotating disk, on the surface of which a profile treadmill is made with external and internal working edges interacting via roller bearings with opposed pistons rigidly connected by a connecting-guide rod, in the middle of which a disk is placed, see author. testimonial. 1423752, MKI 4 F 01 B 7/02.

 The introduction of a connecting guide rod, a profile track with internal and external working edges and the corresponding main and additional roller bearings complicates the design and is also associated with friction energy losses in the additional roller bearings. In addition, the dimensions of this design per unit of usable power are significantly increased.

 The technical result of the proposed piston machine is to reduce friction losses and increase its specific power without significantly complicating the design.

 This is achieved by the fact that in a piston machine containing opposed cylinders with pistons fixed to the brackets of the power frame, a shaft with a disk mounted on the bearing surface in the middle between the pistons and having a profile treadmill with at least three protrusions is mounted on the shaft the second disk with the same profile treadmill on the opposing surface, with each treadmill made in the form of a continuous stream, and the cylinders have side slots in which the piston glides the fingers interacting with their ends through the supports with the lateral surfaces of the streams of both disks.

 In this case, the pistons have two bottoms between which a piston pin is installed, and each of the cylinders at both ends is closed by heads with inlet and outlet valves and is made with lateral tides for mounting brackets with a bearing support.

 The essence of the proposal is presented in the drawings, where in FIG. 1 is a view of a piston machine; in FIG. 2 is a view along arrow A.

 The piston machine contains a power frame 1 with brackets 2. Opposite cylinders 3, 4, having side slots 3a, 4a, and lateral tides 3b, 4b located perpendicular to them, with studs 5 for attaching cylinders to the frame brackets, are fixed to the brackets . The cylinders on the end side are closed by the heads 6a, 6b and 7a, 7b, in which the intake valves 8a, 8b and 9a, 9b are mounted, as well as the exhaust valves 10a, 10b and 11a, 11b. Pistons 12 and 13 are placed in the cylinders, having two bottoms 12a, 12b and 13a, 13b, between which fingers 14 and 15 are installed, passing the end parts through the side slots in the cylinders. Two chambers are formed in each cylinder: outer 16 and inner 17. On the brackets in the middle between the pistons, a main shaft 19 with disks 20 and 21 rigidly mounted on it is mounted in the bearing support 18. Treadmills are made on the opposing surfaces of the disks in the form of identically profiled grooves - continuous (closed) streams 20a and 21a with working side surfaces 20b, 20c and 21b, 21c. The piston pins 14 and 15, which interact with their working side surfaces through the roller bearings 22 and 23, enter their streams of both disks in the streams.

 In the proposed embodiment, treadmills have four protrusions and four depressions, thereby achieving a more accurate dynamic balance during operation of the machine.

 The operation of the piston machine is performed in the following order.

 1. Work in the engine mode.

 When the shaft 19 rotates (starting device), the piston fingers 14, 15, moving along the treadmills, tell the pistons 12, 13 to reciprocate in the cylinder. The operation of the valves is controlled by a distribution mechanism (not shown) kinematically connected to the shaft 19. The air-fuel mixture, alternately supplied to the chambers 16 and 17 through the inlet valves 8a and 8b (9a and 9b), is compressed and ignited (for example, with the help of glow plugs), providing a stroke during a 4-stroke cycle of operation of the cylinders. The release of combustion products is carried out through the exhaust valves 10a and 10b (11a and 11b) and through the manifold to the exhaust device (muffler).

 2. Work in the compressor or pump mode.

 For the functioning of the machine as a compressor or pump, a drive is required that rotates the shaft 19.

 The distribution mechanism ensures the sequential opening of the intake valves during expansion strokes and the opening of exhaust valves during compression strokes in the cylinder chambers. The inlet valve inputs are combined into a single suction line, and the outlet valve outputs are combined into a common discharge line.

 The proposed design allows you to enter additional combustion chambers 17 (internal) using common cylinders and pistons, resulting in increased machine power with a slight increase in its overall weight parameters.

 This ensures the dynamic balance of all moving parts of the machine and eliminates the need for balancing mechanisms.

 The proposal makes it possible to increase the number of radially mounted cylinders when their axes are in the same plane, which ensures the layout of a dynamically balanced machine, substantially compressed in one of the overall dimensions (along the main shaft).

Claims (2)

 1. A piston machine containing opposed cylinders with pistons fixed to the brackets of the power frame, a shaft with a disk mounted in the bearing support in the middle between the pistons, on the surface of which a profile treadmill is made, characterized in that a second disk with the same profile is mounted on the shaft a treadmill on an opposing surface, with each treadmill made in the form of a continuous stream, and the cylinders have side slots in which piston fingers slide, interacting with E via roller bearings with specialized treadmills both disks.  2. The piston machine according to claim 1, characterized in that the pistons have two bottoms, between which a piston pin is installed, and each of the cylinders at both ends is closed by heads with inlet and outlet valves and is made with lateral tides for mounting brackets with bearing support .

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