RU2163577C1 - Building mix for brickwork - Google Patents

Abstract

FIELD: building materials industry, more particularly building mixtures for mortar mixes used for brickwork and for training at vocational schools and higher educational institutions where diplomas of builder are obtained. SUBSTANCE: building mixture comprises, %: naphtha soap, 0.6-0.9; chalk, 18-25; animal adhesive, 0.3-0.6; lime, 26-30; and sand, the balance. EFFECT: increased plasticity of placeability of building mixture, elimination of setting process of building mixture and multiple application thereof. 2 tbl

Description

 The invention relates to mortars, namely, mortars used in educational work on masonry.

The known composition of the mortar for masonry. The lime mortar contains components in the following ratio,%:
Cement - 14 - 17
Lime - 11 - 13
Sand - Else
The composition is shut off with water and brought to the necessary mobility (Handbook of building materials edited by M.S. Khutoryansky, Kiev, Budivelnik, 1966, p. 266). The content of cement (binder) in the mortar is a disadvantage of this mortar, since when using cement, the mortar sets in 2 - 5 hours and when reused it loses its “masonry” properties (plasticity, workability, lump formation), which leads to to a deterioration in the quality of work performed, an increase in labor intensity. In addition, expensive construction material is consumed - cement.

 Known building mixture, including cement, sand, iron-containing additive and water (patent RU N 2030367, C 04 B 28/02, 03/10/95,).

 The proposed composition of the building mixture intended for masonry is not suitable for repeated use, as it quickly gains strength and loses its ductility and workability.

 Known stucco mixture, including gypsum, ground limestone, a complex additive in the form of washing powder "Lotus" and water (a.s. SU 1652314, C 04 B 28/14, B.I. N 20, 1991). The expected composition of the plaster mix intended for plastering is not suitable for repeated use, since it is not easy to work with and is viable, and due to the presence of gypsum in the composition, it cannot be recycled.

 The closest technical solution (prototype) to the invention described in the application related to mortars is lime mortar (Handbook of building materials and products edited by M. S. Khutoryansky, pp. 269 - 272).

The composition of the solution includes components in the following ratio,%:
Lime - 26 - 30
Sand - Else
The composition is shut with water to better workability and mobility (Handbook of building materials and products edited by M.S. Khutoryansky, pp. 269 - 272).

The main disadvantages of this mortar are:
- low application rate;
- the need to be careful and use protective equipment, which leads to increased complexity;
- high consumption of lime mortar.

 The task of the invention is to develop a composition of a building mixture with viability by preserving properties for a long time, as well as working capacity by improving workability.

 Thereby, the student’s work with the construction mixture in properties resembling a real solution is achieved (the required skills are worked out), and the multiple use of this mixture.

 The technical result of the invention is the preservation of plasticity when working with the inventive mixture for a long time, which ensures multiple use and workability.

The technical result is achieved by the fact that the building mixture for educational work on masonry, containing lime and sand, additionally contains soap, animal glue and chalk in the following ratio of components,%:
Mylonaft - 0.6 - 0.9
Animal glue - 0.3 - 0.6
Chalk - 18 - 25
Lime - 26 - 30
Sand - Else
Preservation of plasticity, workability can be caused by the introduction of soap and detergent of the Trialon, Bio-Mig, Palmira type into the construction mixture (OST 15-543-87 or TU 2381-034-00209645-95).

 To increase the water-holding ability, as well as to reduce the separation of the mortar mixture, chalk is introduced into the composition. When mixing animal glue with chalk, a thin dispersed film forms on the surface of the mortar mixture, which prevents the evaporation of water from the mortar mixture, which allows the solution to be used for a long time without additionally shutting it with water.

A soap-oil content of less than 0.6% does not provide the required ductility and workability of the mortar. If the content of soap-oil is more than 0.9%, then the plasticity of the mortar mixture will be large, which will not make it possible to provide the necessary thickness of the seam (δ _cp = 12 mm) in the course of educational work on masonry (the mortar spreads).

 Increasing the concentration of chalk in the mortar mixture of more than 25% affects the "masonry" properties of the solution. A decrease in chalk content of less than 18% leads to a decrease in water-holding ability, the mortar mix quickly stratifies (sits).

 The adhesive content of more than 0.6% affects the ductility of the mortar. If the adhesive content is less than 0.3%, then in fact its effect on the water-holding capacity of the solution is absent.

 A comparative analysis of the solutions showed that the proposed composition meets workability, ductility, and, most importantly, it does not visually determine the signs of the setting process - this makes it possible to use the proposed building mixture repeatedly, without unnecessary costs.

 An analysis of the technique carried out by the applicant, including a search by patent and scientific and technical sources of information and identification of sources containing information about analogues of the claimed invention, made it possible to establish that the applicant did not find an analogue characterized by features identical to all the essential features of the claimed invention, and a definition from the list of identified analogues of the prototype, as the closest in the totality of the features of the analogue, allowed to identify the set of essential in relation to the seen zay The author of the technical result of the distinguishing features in the claimed object set forth in the claims.

 Therefore, the claimed invention meets the requirement of "novelty" under applicable law.

 To verify the conformity of the claimed invention to the requirements of the inventive step, the applicant searched for known solutions in order to identify features that match the distinctive features of the claimed invention, the results of which show that the claimed invention does not explicitly follow from the prior art, as the prior art defined by the applicant, the effect of the transformations provided for by the essential features of the claimed invention on the achievement of s technical result.

 Therefore, the claimed invention meets the requirement of "inventive step" under applicable law.

The implementation of the method
The silicate mixture is obtained in finished form from the silicate brick factory, where it is prepared from:
- construction lime GOST 9179-77, characterized by a content of CaO and MgO of at least 60%, MgO of up to 5% and unextinguished grains of 10-14%, a quenching time of up to 8 minutes, a burn content of not more than 1%;
- sand of natural quartz Kamyshin deposit, which meets the requirements of OST: 21-1-30; bulk density of 1300 kg / m ³ , the content of unbound SiO ₂ is 97%, the content of dusty, silty particles less than 0.05 mm in size is not more than 8%, the content of grains in size more than 5 mm is not more than 10%, the content of mica is not more than 0.5 %, the content of organic impurities is not darker than the standard.

By mechanical stirring, moistening with condensate at a temperature of 60 ^o C to 10%, a second stirring and dampening, quenching in a silo for 2 hours. After quenching with a temperature of less than 50 ^o C, the mixture is fed to the third stirring and after-humidification to the final 7% humidity. The activity of the silicate mass at the outlet of the silo (CaO + MgO content) is 7-8%. The mass of lime in 1 m ^{3 of the} mixture is 253 kg. The mass of sand is 1359 kg.

 In this form, the silicate mixture can be transported and stored in building conditions, and if necessary, prepare a building mixture for educational work, with "masonry" properties. To do this, in consumable boxes, dry or moistened silicate mixture is closed with a solution of chalk, animal glue, soap-oil.

 To find the optimal composition of the building mixture, the following compositions were tested, shown in table 1.

As can be seen from the data in table 2, in comparison with the prototype of the proposed mixture retains its properties:
- remains ductile and workable due to water retention and low filtration coefficient,
- for a long time there is no setting process in it, which allows reusing the proposed mixture during this time without delamination.

Thus, the above information indicates the fulfillment of the following set of conditions when using the claimed invention:
- a tool that embodies the claimed invention in its implementation, is intended for use in all educational (construction) factories in the preparation of masons, as well as when studying in technical schools and higher educational institutions in the specialty - builder;
- for the claimed invention in the form described in the claims, the possibility of its implementation using the means and methods described in the application and known prior to the priority date is confirmed;
- a tool embodying the claimed invention in its implementation, is able to ensure the achievement of a technical result
Therefore, the claimed invention meets the requirement of "industrial applicability".

Claims (1)

Building mixture for educational work on masonry, containing lime, sand, characterized in that it additionally contains soap, animal glue and chalk in the following ratio of components,%:
Mylonaft - 0.6 - 0.9
Animal glue - 0.3 - 0.6
Chalk - 18 - 25
Lime - 26 - 30
Sand - Else

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