RU2162501C2 - Composite vertical slotted building stone with gas-layer heat insulation - Google Patents

Abstract

FIELD: building elements; composite building stones. SUBSTANCE: stone has membrane-walls and frames fixed by means of adhesive to membrane-walls in-between; outer dimensions of frames equal those of membrane-walls; in this way air-tight structure is obtained. Membrane-walls are covered with heat-reflecting screen whose emissivity factor ranges between 0.1 and 0.3 in vicinity of gas slits. Frames are of different thickness their thickness reducing from that closer to heat source to external frame. Membrane-walls except that closest to heat source are provided with through holes, the last ones communicating with outdoor air. Membrane-walls are made of solid building material whose coefficient of heat conductivity is from 0.7 to 0.07 W/m C. microventilation of stone prevents increment of moisture accumulation in membrane-walls and frames. EFFECT: improved resistance of composing stone heat transfers; reduced percentage of mean gravimetric humidity. 4 cl, 5 dwg

Description

 The invention relates to building typeset stones. Building typesetting stones are known, for example, by a. from. 29955. Er 04 B 2/14, 1933; or typeset stone according to the book of B.E. Shungsky "Building structures with honeycomb core." - M.: Stroyizdat. - 1977, p. 4-5; or constructional stacked vertically - a slit stone with gas-layer thermal insulation, including walls - membranes and frames fixed to the membranes fixed to the walls - membranes between them, equal to the walls - stone membranes in the outer dimension, hermetically closing air gaps - RU 94006820 A 1, E 04 C 1 / 40, 10.20.1995, 7 p. - [1], which contains more common features with the claimed invention, taken as a prototype.

 The disadvantages of the closest analogue [1] are: a large degree of blackness of the surface of the walls - membranes, characteristic of cellular and other types of concrete, and therefore the stone has significant heat loss through the wall through the radiant component of the heat flux; the equality of the thickness of the air gaps, which is not consistent with the regular dependence of a decrease in the thickness of the air gap with a decrease in the average temperature of the air layer and leads either to the appearance of convection (with an overestimated thickness of the air layer) or to an unreasonable rise in the cost of the stone (with an unreasonably underestimated thickness of the air gap and their increase numbers); an increase in the thermal conductivity of the walls of the membranes and frames due to the increase in their inevitable moistening due to water vapor penetrating into the stone from internal warm rooms with their subsequent condensation in concrete during the winter heating period.

The essence of the invention, eliminating the disadvantages of the closest analogue [1], is that: the surface of the walls of the membranes is equipped with a heat-reflecting screen with a degree of blackness ε = 0.1-0.3, which significantly reduces heat loss from radiant energy; the frames of the set stone are made of different thicknesses, decreasing in the direction from the heat source, equal to the thickness of the air layers between the heat-reflecting screens, which ensures the stillness of the air in the layer and its maximum resistance to heat transfer with full compliance with the regularity of the thickness of the layer from its average temperature; walls - membranes, in addition to the first one from the heat source to the outer wall - the membrane is made with through holes, the last of which communicate with the outside air, which ensures the "breathing" of the air layers of the stone when the outside temperature changes day and night in winter with the removal of water vapor, drainage of cellular concrete walls - membranes and stone frames and maintaining their high resistance to heat transfer. Calculations show that at the most unfavorable and frequent atmospheric pressure differences, heat loss from stone “breathing” is only 0.021% of heat loss through the wall thermal conductivity at a winter outdoor temperature of -50 ^o C, i.e. heat loss from the "breathing" of the stone can be ignored.

 FIG. 1 - shows the appearance of the stone from the facade of the wall with the outer wall-membrane 1 and with two inclined through holes 2 in it at the top with a diameter of 3-4 mm, spaced 35-40 mm apart from the vertical middle of the stone at the same level, and visible from the outside lower ends of through holes.

 FIG. 2 is a section of a stone along AA shown in FIG. 1, where a blank wall-membrane 3 is shown, the first from the side of the internal warm room, the inner walls are membranes 4 with a heat-reflecting screen 5 deposited on their surface in the gap zone, having a blackness from 0.1 to 0.3, with through them holes 2 with a diameter of 3 to 4 mm. All through holes are located at the top of the slots, where water vapor is localized, penetrating through a blank wall - a membrane from a warm interior, since the density of water vapor is less than the density of dry air. In FIG. 2 also shows a frame 6, hermetically closing air slots 7 around the stone periphery.

FIG. 3 shows a section of a stone according to BB shown in FIG. 1. The section shows the outer wall - the membrane 1 with an inclined through hole 2 with a diameter of 3 to 4 mm, the upper end of which is located in the cavity of the thinnest last slot 7, and its lower end is outside the wall - membrane 1. The inclination of the last hole 2 down from 30 to 45 ^o in the outer wall - the membrane is provided with the aim of preventing 7 water splashes of rain from falling into the last slot with walls without plaster and plaster mortar, if any. The number of external microventilation openings may be more than 2, for example from 3 to 10 with external wall plastering to facilitate the removal of water vapor.

 FIG. 4 - shows the area of the wall - the membrane 4, located in the gap, covered on both sides by a heat-reflecting screen 5, and the area 8 of gluing to it a frame, free of heat-reflecting screen to ensure strong cement cementing of the frame to the wall-membrane.

 FIG. 5 - shows the frame 6 of the set stone and its section along the G-D, the thickness of which for each air gap is its own and equal to the calculated thickness of the air layer, when the thickness of the heat-reflecting screen is equal to the thickness of the cement bonding layer between the frame and the wall - the membrane, with the width of the frame itself 20- 35 mm

The proposed constructional construction stone with NGT allows to obtain wall heat transfer resistance from 3 to 5.6 m ² · ^o C / W when laying in one stone from 300 to 600 mm thick for winter design temperatures for heating from -20 to -60 ^o C , or from 4000 to 12000 GSOP, i.e. fully comply with the new requirement of SNiP 11-3-79 with a change in N 3.

An exemplary calculation of thermal resistance of a building typesetting vertically - with a stone gap λ membranes of 0.7 W / m · ^o C.

Moscow, the estimated winter temperature for heating is 25 ^o C, the average for the heating period is 3.2 ^o C, the heating period is 205 days, GSOP = 4756, the heat transfer resistance in the second stage is 3.6 m · ^o C / W, temperature indoors 20 ^o C, the degree of blackness of the membranes ε = 0.1, the value of the primary total heat flux 9 W / m ^o C · h

Computer calculation: t _p = 20 ^o C, t _nar. = -25 ^o C, ε = 0.1, q = 9 W / m ² · h, H = 0.142 m, n = 12 layers, R = 5.275 m ² · ^o C / W, λ = 0.027 W / m ^o C, q ^l = 0.691 W / m ² · h.

 The size of the stacked stones from the facade is 0.3 x 0.3 m.

Membranes: concrete on natural porous aggregates, density 1600 kg / m ³ , λ = 0.7 W / m · ^o C, membrane thickness 15 mm.

Frames: cellular concrete with a density of 600 kg / m ³ , M 35, λ = 0.11 W / m · ^o C, frame width 25 mm.

The solution of masonry stones λ = 0.6 W / m ^o C, the thickness of the races. a layer of 2 mm.

 Payment.

Membrane heat transfer resistance:
0.025 · (12 + 1): 0.7 = 0.464 m ² · ^o C / W.

The same framework: 0.142: 0.11 = 1.291 m ² · ^o C / W.

 Stone thickness: 0.142+ (0.02513) = 0.467 m.

The heat transfer resistance of the stone solution: 0.467: 0.6-0.778 m ² / · ^o C / W.

Stone area: 0.3 · 0.3 = 0.09 m ² .

The area of the air layer of stone:
(0.3-0.05) · (0.3-0.05) = 0.0625 m ² .

Frame area: 0.09-0.0625 = 0.0275 m ² .

The area of the mortar layer of laying one stone from the facade:
(0.002: 2) · 0.3 · 4 = 0.0012 m ² .

Сопротивление теплопередаче стены:

м²·^oC/Вт, т.е. > чем 3,06 м²·^oC/Вт для Москвы.Resistance to heat transfer of the air layers of the stone: 5,275 m ² · ^o C / W
The same zone of air layers: 5.275 + 0.464 = 5.739 m ² · ^o C / W
The same area of the framework: 1.291 + 0.464 = 1.755 m ² · ^o C / W
Resistance to heat transfer of stone:

Wall Heat Resistance:

m ² · ^o C / W, i.e. > than 3.06 m ² · ^o C / W for Moscow.

The total resistance to heat transfer of the stone, taking into account the heat transfer resistance of the inner and outer surfaces of the stone:
ζR _k = 3.242 + 0.114 + 0.043 = 3.399 m ² · ^o C / W.

Thermal conductive stone loss q ^t = 45 / 3,399 = 13,239 W / m ² · h; q ^l = 0.691 W / m ² · h.

Total heat loss of the outer wall, taking into account heat loss by radiant energy:
ζq = 13.239 + 0.691 = 13.93 W / m ² · h.

Вт/м²·ч.Wall thermal conductivity:

W / m ² · h

ζq is less than the norm of 15 W / m ² · h, which fully meets the new standards of SNiP 11-3-79 with a change of N 3. Such a stone is suitable for climatic conditions at calculated winter temperatures for heating not lower than 25 ^o C, i.e. It is suitable for Moscow, St. Petersburg and their areas.

The calculation is given for the maximum allowable coefficient of "0.7" W / m · ^o C coefficient of thermal conductivity of the material of the membrane of the stone, and all the intermediate coefficients of thermal conductivity of the material of the membranes from 0.7 to 0.07 W / m · ^o C allow you to give stacked vertical slit stones required resistance to heat transfer from 3.5 to 5.6 m ² · ^o C / W. The construction of such stones with thermal conductivity coefficients of the membrane material exceeding 0.7 W / m · ^o C for winter design temperatures for heating of -25 ^o C and even lower ones is practically impossible.

Claims (4)

 1. Construction type-setting vertical slit stone with gas-insulated thermal insulation, including membrane walls and frames fixed to the membrane walls between them, equal to the membrane walls by the outer dimension, hermetically closing air gaps, characterized in that heat-reflecting is applied to the membrane walls a screen with a degree of blackness of 0.1 - 0.3 in the zone of gas slots, the frames are made of different thicknesses, decreasing from the closest to the heat source to the outer membrane wall, which, in addition to the first from the heat source, are made with squo GOVERNMENTAL holes, the latter of which are communicated with the outside air. 2. The construction stacked vertical slit stone according to claim 1, characterized in that the wall-membranes are made of durable building material with a thermal conductivity of 0.7 - 0.07 W / m ^o C. 3. The construction stacked vertical slit stone according to claim 1, characterized in that the through holes of the inner walls of the membranes are made one at a time in the membrane wall along its middle in the zone of the top of the slots, and two holes are made in the last membrane wall from the side of the cold medium spaced 35 - 40 mm from the mid-vertical line of stone at the top of the slit at the same level at an angle of 30 - 45 ^o to the plane of the wall-membrane, the bottom of the holes being outside, and the top of the holes inside the slot or with external wall plaster, the number of external holes in nar The wall membrane is taken 3-10. 4. The construction stacked vertical slit stone according to claim 1, characterized in that the framework, hermetically closing slots on the periphery and equal to the outer dimension of the wall membranes, are made of durable building material with a thermal conductivity of 0.07 - 0.25 W / m ^o C, while the thickness of each frame is equal to the thickness of its calculated air layer, and the width of 20 - 35 mm and is attached to the walls of the membranes with a mortar seam with a thickness equal to the thickness of the heat-reflecting screen.

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