RU216207U1 - CONICAL ADAPTER FOR LIGHT CLASS SPACE VEHICLE - Google Patents

Abstract

The utility model relates to the space industry, in particular to mesh-type load-bearing structures, and can be used in spacecraft (SC). The task to be solved by the claimed utility model is to increase the reliability of the design of the AK KA. The problem is solved due to the fact that the AK KA light class, in the form of a mesh shell of rotation of a conical shape, contains the upper and lower shelves, is formed by the intersection of a plurality of spiral and annular ribs, while the spiral ribs are located with the same step from each other, form cells of a triangular and hexagonal shape and connect the upper and lower shelves to each other. The upper shelf is an upper metal frame in the form of a ring, in the grooves of which annular and spiral ribs are integrated. The lower shelf is a lower composite frame, on which metal plates are installed at the attachment points with the booster block. Mounting holes are made on the upper metal frame, at the attachment points with the spacecraft, and landing holes are made at the lower composite frame and metal plates, at the attachment points with the upper stage. Metal plates on the lower composite frame have two sizes. Landing holes on the upper metal frame are made through, in these holes, from the side of docking with the spacecraft, studs with a collar are installed, fixed with nuts and washers on the reverse side of the upper frame. The technical result of the claimed utility model is to guarantee the integrity of the AK KA (for a light class SC weighing up to 2000 kg) when docking with mating structures due to the organization of landing through holes on the upper metal frame, into which studs with washers and nuts are installed, as well as due to uniform reinforcement of the lower composite frame with metal plates of two sizes.

Description

The utility model relates to the space industry, in particular to mesh-type load-bearing structures, and can be used in spacecraft.

The conical adapter (AC) of a spacecraft (SC) of a light class is a structural power element, an intermediate link connecting the SC and the upper stage (US), transferring loads between them.

The SC SC must have a given carrying capacity (carrying capacity) that ensures its integrity under external influences, as well as reliable fixation of the SC with US, i.e. have increased rigidity and strength.

Depending on the mass of the spacecraft, the following groups can be conventionally distinguished:

- light spacecraft - up to 2000 kg;

- middle class spacecraft - up to 3500 kg;

- heavy class spacecraft - up to 4500 kg;

- spacecraft of a super-heavy class - up to 5000 kg.

Other requirements for AK KA are the requirements to ensure the optimal values of the main parameters:

- high degree of reliability;

- high degree of unification;

- high degree of manufacturability;

- dimensional stability;

- low cost;

- low weight.

From the existing level of technology, adapter designs are known, which are presented in a number of descriptions of inventions to patents of the Russian Federation:

- Patent No. 2483927 "Adapter in the form of a reinforced shell of rotation of a conical shape from polymer composite materials."

- Patent No. 2148496 "Adapter in the form of a mesh shell of rotation from composite materials."

- Patent No. 186237 "Adapter in the form of a multifaceted conical shell made of composite materials."

- Patent No. 2350818 "Adapter in the form of a mesh shell of rotation of a conical shape from polymer composite materials."

Also known is a foreign analogue of the adapter, which can be used in aerospace products. A foreign analogue is presented in the description of the invention to US patent No. 3940891 "Сonical structure".

Based on the purpose and the closest set of essential features, as the closest analogue (prototype), the "Adapter of the conical spacecraft" known from the description of the utility model to the patent of the Russian Federation No. formed by the intersection of a plurality of spiral and annular ribs, the spiral ribs are located with the same pitch from each other, forming cells of a triangular and hexagonal shape, and connect the upper and lower shelves to each other. The upper shelf is an upper metal frame in the form of a ring, into the grooves of which annular and spiral ribs are integrated. The lower shelf is a lower composite frame, on which metal plates are installed at the attachment points with the booster block. Mounting holes are made on the upper metal frame, at the attachment points with the spacecraft, and landing holes are made at the lower composite frame and metal plates, at the attachment points with the upper stage.

The disadvantage of the prototype is the low reliability of the design of the upper and lower frame, due to the lack of fasteners on the upper frame, as well as insufficiently uniform distribution of the load on the lower frame.

The task to be solved by the claimed utility model is to increase the reliability of the design of the AK KA.

The problem is solved due to the fact that the AK KA light class, in the form of a mesh shell of rotation of a conical shape, contains the upper and lower shelves, is formed by the intersection of a plurality of spiral and annular ribs, while the spiral ribs are located with the same step from each other, form cells of a triangular and hexagonal in shape and connect the upper and lower shelves to each other. The upper shelf is an upper metal frame in the form of a ring, in the grooves of which annular and spiral ribs are integrated. The lower shelf is a lower composite frame, on which metal plates are installed at the attachment points with the booster block. Mounting holes are made on the upper metal frame, at the attachment points with the spacecraft, and landing holes are made at the lower composite frame and metal plates, at the attachment points with the upper stage. Metal plates on the lower composite frame have two sizes. Landing holes on the upper metal frame are made through, in these holes, from the side of docking with the spacecraft, studs with a collar are installed, fixed with nuts and washers on the reverse side of the upper frame.

The technical result of the claimed utility model is to guarantee the integrity of the AK KA (for a light class SC weighing up to 2000 kg) when docking with mating structures, by organizing landing through holes on the upper metal frame, into which studs with washers and nuts are installed, as well as due to uniform reinforcement of the lower composite frame with metal plates of two sizes.

The essence of the utility model is illustrated by the drawings presented in figures 1-4, where:

- in Fig. 1 shows a general view of the AK KA light class;

- in Fig. 2 shows the design features of the light class AK KA;

- in Fig. 3 shows the design features of the upper metal frame AK KA light class;

- in Fig. 4 shows the design features of the lower composite frame AK KA light class with metal plates of two sizes.

AK KA light class is a shell of rotation of a hollow conical shape, made of a composite material, having an anisogrid mesh structure, formed by crossing spiral and annular ribs 1 and 2, with the formation of cells of two standard sizes 3 and 4, respectively. At the same time, a reinforcing element is fixed on the upper end of the mesh shell - the upper metal frame 5, which is formed by a profile closed around the circumference with spiral and annular profiling grooves for spiral ribs 1 and annular rib 2 of the mesh structure. The lower end of the mesh structure is formed by the lower composite frame 6, on which metal plates of two types 7 and 8 are installed at the attachment points with the RB.

Spiral ribs 1 can be formed by profiles of rectangular section, one half of which is oriented at an angle to the plane of the frames 5, 6, and the other half is oriented mirror to the first half, while the spiral ribs 1 are located with equal angular pitch along the cylindrical surface of the mesh shell and connect the frames 5 and 6 among themselves.

The annular ribs 2 can be formed by a rectangular cross-section profile closed around the circumference, oriented perpendicular to the axis of symmetry of the mesh shell and located between the frames 5 and 6.

Landing through holes 9 can be made on the upper metal frame 5 in the places of attachment with the spacecraft, into which, from the side of docking with the spacecraft, studs 10 with a shoulder 11 are installed, fixed with nuts 12 with washers 13 on the reverse side of the upper metal frame 5.

On the lower composite frame 6 and metal plates 7 and 8, at the attachment points with the RB, mounting holes 14 and 15, respectively, can be made.

Light class AK KA is manufactured taking into account the design requirements using the manufacturing technology by the method of "wet" winding of carbon fiber impregnated with an epoxy binder.

Winding is the process of manufacturing high-strength reinforced products, the shape of which is determined by the rotation of arbitrary generators. With this method, the reinforcing material (carbon thread) is placed along a given trajectory on a rotating mandrel, which determines the internal geometry of the product.

The winding method forms products that operate under specific loading conditions, such as internal or external pressure, compressive or torsional loads. Products are designed and manufactured with a high degree of precision.

The carbon fiber structures obtained by winding have a number of advantages over similar products made from traditional materials. First of all, it is high strength with low dead weight, which allows achieving the optimal ratio of the structure mass and payload. Other advantages of the winding method are:

- fast and therefore cost-effective method of laying reinforcing material;

- the possibility of using inexpensive domestic materials.

"Wet" winding provides increased formability of products, therefore, it is mainly used in the manufacture of large-sized shells of complex configuration.

The ribs of the mesh shell are made of M46J carbon fiber (domestic analogue of UMT430) and EKhD-MD binder. AK KA light class is characterized by the following parameters:

- the number of annular ribs on the upper frame - 1 pc.;

- the number of spiral ribs - 96 pieces;

- the height of the ribs is from 20 to 21 mm;

- thickness of spiral ribs - from 5 to 9 mm;

- thickness of the annular ribs - from 4 to 5 mm;

- angle of orientation of the spiral ribs relative to the generatrix 15°.

The use of unification in the manufacture of this AK KA also provides technical and economic advantages, expressed in reducing costs and production time through the use of standard technological processes when creating a number of AK modifications for light, medium heavy and super heavy class SC.

Claims (1)

Conical adapter of a light-class spacecraft in the form of a mesh shell of rotation of a conical shape, containing the upper and lower shelves, formed by the intersection of a plurality of spiral and annular ribs, while the spiral ribs are located with the same pitch from each other, form cells of a triangular and hexagonal shape and connect the upper and the lower flange between themselves, and the upper flange is the upper metal frame, having the shape of a ring, in the grooves of which annular and spiral ribs are integrated, and the lower flange is the lower composite frame, on which metal plates are installed at the attachment points with the booster block, while landing holes are made on the upper metal frame at the attachment points with the spacecraft, and landing holes are made on the lower composite frame and metal plates at the attachment points with the booster block, characterized in that the metal plates on the lower composite frame angouts have two standard sizes, and the mounting holes on the upper metal frame are made through, studs with a collar are installed in these holes from the side of docking with the spacecraft, fixed with nuts and washers on the reverse side of the upper frame.

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