RU218843U1 - SPACE VEHICLE CONICAL ADAPTER - Google Patents

Abstract

The utility model relates to mesh structures made of composite materials and can be used in products of aviation and rocket and space technology.

The task to be solved by the claimed technical solution is to improve the design of the conical adapter (AK) of the spacecraft (SC) in terms of expanding functionality and reducing the mass of the structure.

The problem is solved by the fact that the AK KA is presented in the form of a mesh shell of rotation of a conical shape made of composite materials, with many intersecting spiral and annular ribs, containing the upper metal and lower composite frames, in which mounting holes and places for docking with the upper stage, KA are organized and placement of separation device equipment. The lower frame is reinforced with metal plates at the attachment points with the booster block. The frames are in the form of rings, in which annular and spiral ribs are integrated. The spiral ribs are spaced at equal intervals and form a mesh structure with two types of cells.

The technical results of the proposed utility model are the expansion of functionality and weight reduction.

These technical results are achieved by:

- balancing the optimal values of the main parameters of the SC SC of a mesh structure with a minimum number of cells of different shapes and sizes, the absence of additional reinforcing elements;

- ensuring the integrity of the AC when docking with mating structures, by organizing the integration of the upper metal frame into the mesh structure of the AC, as well as reinforcing the lower composite frame with metal plates;

- organization of places and openings for installing elements of the separation device on the upper metal frame;

- ensuring docking with the spacecraft and the upper stage, placement of equipment for the separation device by organizing landing holes and places.

Description

The utility model relates to mesh structures made of composite materials and can be used in products of aviation and rocket and space technology.

A conical adapter (AC) of a spacecraft (SC) is a structural power element that connects the spacecraft and the upper stage (US) and provides the required load distribution between them.

AK KA should have a given bearing capacity, ensuring its integrity under external influences, as well as reliable fixation of the SC with US, i.e. have increased rigidity and strength. Other requirements for AK KA are the requirements to ensure the optimal values of the main parameters:

- high degree of reliability;

- high degree of unification;

- high degree of manufacturability;

- dimensional stability;

- low cost;

- low weight.

AK KA must combine the optimal values of the main parameters, the achievement of the balance of which is a technical problem.

It should be noted that the choice of configuration and type of mesh structure during design depends on the impact of a combination of static and dynamic loads. Also, the action of loads can lead to the occurrence of local stresses in the ribs of the mesh shell of the AK KA. Based on these conditions, the angle of inclination and the number of spiral ribs, the number and pitch of the annular ribs are determined, which set the lateral rigidity and impart the self-stabilization property to the AK KA mesh shell. The parameters of the ribs are selected to ensure the condition of the minimum mass, as well as the necessary strength and rigidity of the structure of the mesh shell. AK KA provides power docking of the component part of the SC - the power structure of the hull and US, having a different diameter from each other.

Thus, AK KA is a shell of revolution made of a composite material of a hollow conical shape, having an anisogrid mesh structure formed by crossing spiral and annular ribs.

From the prior art also known various designs of AK, presented in a number of descriptions of inventions below.

Patent No. 2483927 "Adapter in the form of a reinforced shell of rotation of a conical shape from polymer composite materials" A shell of rotation of a conical shape, limited by the upper and lower flat annular flanges, while the angle at the cone apex is more than 85°, and the adapter additionally includes a shell with installed ribs on its surface. The ribs are located both along the generatrix of the cone and at an angle to it, connecting the support points of the upper and lower flanges. The annular rib is perpendicular to the plane of the adapter base, the remaining ribs are located in planes perpendicular to the plane of the adapter base. A metal frame is installed on the upper flange with the help of a glue-mechanical connection. Metal bushings are installed in the holes of the lower flange with the help of an adhesive connection. The shell passes into the upper flange through a vertical section, which forms a platform for mounting elements of attachments. The disadvantages of this analogue are the inconsistency with the required configuration parameters of the proposed AK KA, as well as the lack of integration of the upper frame into the structure, which leads to a loss of strength, structural rigidity, and a decrease in the reliability of the connection of the ribs of the mesh shell with the frame.

Patent No. 2148496 "Adapter in the form of a mesh shell of revolution made of composite materials" A shell of revolution of a conical or hyperbolic shape contains a set of spiral and annular ribs uniformly displaced relative to each other. The ribs are made of strips of unidirectional threads bonded with a polymeric binder. In this case, the annular ribs have cross-sectional profiles in the form of a parallelogram or a trapezoid. The cross-sectional area can increase with an increase in the diameter of the shell, and the ribs can be provided with internal annular protrusions. The disadvantage of this analogue is the uneven strength of the mesh structure, which is explained by the uniform distribution of the annular ribs without taking into account the impact of the largest local loads at the ends.

Patent No. 186237 "Adapter in the form of a multifaceted conical shell made of composite materials", which includes a shell-type structure, upper and lower end frames fastened to the structure with a riveted connection. The shell-type structure is a multifaceted conical shell made of composite fabric blanks bonded with a polymer binder. The upper end frame is made with local interface and installation sites. The lower end frame is made in the form of interface plates having a landing and a support part. Edge cuts are made on the multifaceted conical shell between the interface plates. The disadvantage of this analog is the inconsistency with the required configuration parameters of the proposed AK KA, the inability to reduce the weight of the product due to the peculiarities of the reinforcement schemes, when the conical shell is made not of mesh, but of solid composite fabric blanks.

Based on the purpose and the closest set of essential features, as the closest analogue (prototype), the "Adapter in the form of a mesh shell of rotation of a conical shape from polymer composite materials" is selected, known from the description of the invention to the patent of the Russian Federation No. 2350818, containing the upper and lower annular shelves with a set intersecting helical, both directions, and annular ribs made of unidirectional polymer fibers and load-bearing elements made of laminated plastic, fastened in layers with ribs, located in local zones with overlapping cells between the ribs, while the local zones are located, in turn, in the zones of application to one 40 to 60% of the spiral ribs are concentrated from the shelves of concentrated forces and in these zones, made with a distance between them 2-4 times smaller than for the rest of the spiral ribs, with the formation of arrays from rhombic cells of the minimum size adjacent to the shelf and overlapped with layered plastic power elements.

The disadvantages of the prototype are :

- low manufacturability and uneven strength of the mesh structure, which is explained by the uneven distribution of spiral ribs, which form a large number of cells of different shapes and sizes;

- high mass of the structure due to the large number of spiral ribs and load-bearing elements covered with laminated plastic;

- lack of space for installing elements of the separation device (UO) on the upper frame;

- lack of places for docking with the mating RB along the lower shelf.

For the claimed device, the following essential features common with the prototype have been identified: AK KA, containing the upper and lower annular shelves with a plurality of intersecting spiral, both directions, and annular ribs made of unidirectional polymer fibers.

The task to be solved by the claimed technical solution is to improve the design of the AK KA: expanding the functionality in terms of organizing the installation of UO elements (springs, locks, separation contact sensors and detachable) and reducing the weight of the structure.

The problem is solved by AK KA, in the form of a mesh shell of rotation of a conical shape made of composite materials, containing upper and lower shelves with a plurality of intersecting spiral, both directions, and annular ribs made of unidirectional polymer fibers. The spiral ribs are spaced at equal intervals, forming a mesh structure with two types of cells - triangular and hexagonal. The upper shelf is the upper metal frame, and the lower shelf is represented by the lower composite frame, reinforced at the attachment points with the booster block with U-shaped metal plates. The upper and lower frames are in the form of rings, in which annular and spiral ribs are integrated. Mounting holes are made on the upper metal frame at the attachment points with the spacecraft, as well as places and holes for installing the UO equipment. Landing holes are made in the lower frame and metal plates at the attachment points with the RB.

The essence of the utility model is illustrated by the drawings shown in Fig. 1 - 7:

- in Fig. 1 shows a general view of the AK KA;

- in Fig. 2 shows the design features of the AK KA;

- in Fig. 3 is view A of FIG. 1;

- in Fig. 4 shows view B of FIG. 1;

- in Fig. 5 is view B of FIG. 2;

- in Fig. 6 shows the G-D section shown in FIG. 5;

- in Fig. 7 is a view D shown in FIG. 5.

AK KA is a mesh shell of rotation of a conical shape made of composite materials, containing upper and lower shelves with a plurality of intersecting spiral, both directions, and annular ribs 1, 2 made of unidirectional polymer fibers.

The upper shelf is the upper metal frame 5, and the lower shelf is represented by the lower composite frame 6, reinforced at the attachment points with the booster block with U-shaped metal plates 7, fixed to the frame 6 by means of adhesive bonding. Frames 5, 6 are in the form of rings, in which annular and spiral ribs 2, 1 are integrated.

Spiral ribs 1 are located with the same pitch from each other along the cylindrical surface of the frames 5 and 6, and connect the frames 5 and 6 to each other. While one half of the spiral ribs 1 is oriented at an angle to the plane of the frames 5, 6, and the second half is oriented mirror to the first half.

The annular ribs 2 are oriented parallel to the plane of the frames 5, 6 and are located between them.

Spiral ribs 1 together with annular ribs 2 form a mesh structure with cells of two types 3, 4 - triangular and hexagonal.

Mounting holes 8 are made on the upper metal frame 5 in the attachment points with the spacecraft, as well as places 9 and holes 10 for installing the equipment of the UO.

Mounting holes 11 are made in the lower frame 6 and metal plates 7 at the attachment points with the RB. Holes 11 can be used for mounting rigging equipment.

AK KA is manufactured taking into account the design requirements using the manufacturing technology by the method of "wet" winding of carbon fiber impregnated with an epoxy binder.

The ribs of the mesh shell are made of carbon fiber based on carbon fiber impregnated with an epoxy binder.

AK KA is characterized by the following parameters:

- height of spiral ribs from 24.5 to 26.5 mm;

- height of annular ribs from 35.5 mm;

- thickness of spiral ribs from 8.5 to 11.5 mm;

- thickness of the annular ribs from 3 to 5 mm;

- angle of orientation of the spiral ribs relative to the generatrix 18°15’;

- taper angle 45°12'40''.

The technical results of the proposed utility model are the expansion of functionality and the reduction of the weight of the structure. These technical results are achieved by:

- balancing the optimal values of the main parameters of the SC SC of a mesh structure with a minimum number of cells of different shapes and sizes, the absence of additional reinforcing elements;

- ensuring the integrity of the AK when docking with mating structures, by organizing the integration of ribs into the frames, as well as reinforcing the lower composite frame with metal plates;

- organization of places and holes for installation of UO elements on the upper metal frame;

- ensuring docking with the spacecraft, due to the organization of landing holes and places in the upper metal frame;

- ensuring docking with the RB, due to the organization of mounting holes in the lower composite frame with metal plates.

Claims (1)

A conical spacecraft adapter in the form of a mesh shell of rotation of a conical shape made of composite materials, containing upper and lower shelves with a plurality of intersecting spiral, both directions, and annular ribs made of unidirectional polymer fibers, characterized in that the spiral ribs are located with the same pitch from each other, forming a mesh structure with cells of two types, the upper shelf is the upper metal frame, and the lower shelf is represented by the lower composite frame, reinforced at the attachment points with the booster block with U-shaped metal plates with mounting holes made, on the upper metal frame at the attachment points with landing holes are made by the spacecraft, as well as places and holes for installing equipment of the separation device, the upper and lower frames are in the form of rings, into which annular and spiral ribs are integrated.

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