RU2161249C1 - Method of developing heavy oil and bitumen deposits - Google Patents

Abstract

FIELD: oil and gas production. SUBSTANCE: oil production is combined with well product processing product into a single wasteless process cycle including primary treatment of crude oil, gas, and waste water and processing of petroleum by way of separating it into light fractions and heavy asphalt and tarry components. After that, light fractions are directly distilled off. One part of these fractions is used in closed circle of production process operations. The other part of light fractions is further processed. Asphalt and tarry components are processed in situ into usual commodities. EFFECT: increased efficiency of development. 1 dwg

Description

 The invention relates to the oil and gas industry and is intended for use, in particular, in state and private oil companies engaged in the development of reserves of heavy oils and oil bitumen, unprofitable with existing traditional methods of development.

 Known methods for the development of heavy oil and bitumen deposits, including well drilling, oil production and its processing [1]. The technology for developing heavy oil and bitumen deposits has been developed and tested under field conditions and, depending on the properties of the formation fluids, is produced by the heat method, or by pumping water with a rim of thickeners, or by gas and gas repressions. A serious problem is the rise of fluid from wells, the collection and transport of prefabricated networks and trunk pipelines, especially in winter. Primary oil preparation (desalination and dehydration) requires high heating temperatures and increased consumption of reagents. Therefore, the development and development of such deposits is profitable only with large concentrations of reserves and high flow rates.

 Known methods are not acceptable for the development of unproductive (with reserves up to 15 million tons) deposits of high viscosity oils and natural bitumen.

 The technical problem posed in the present invention is to increase the efficiency of operation and development of low-productive fields of high viscosity oils and bitumen by combining field development technologies and oil production in a single closed waste-free cycle with well production processing technology.

 This task is achieved by the fact that after drilling wells, oil production is combined into a single waste-free production cycle with processing of well products, including the initial preparation of oil, gas and water, oil processing by separation into light fractions and heavy asphalt-resinous components, after which direct distillation of light fractions is carried out , one part of which is used in a closed cycle in the technological operations of production, the other is sent for processing, and asphalt-resinous components are processed on-site into goods consumer and semi-finished products.

 The described method is implemented using installations, the technological scheme of which consists of individual blocks.

 The drawing shows a schematic flow diagram of a process for the development of deposits of heavy oils and bitumen.

 The installation consists of five main blocks.

 Block I is a system for the collection, transport and primary treatment of oil, gas and water, consists of three nodes: node 2 of a three-phase phase separator (gas-oil-water), node 3 of dehydration and desalination, and node 4 of wastewater treatment for injection into the reservoir.

 Block II is an atmospheric or atmospheric vacuum fractionation unit (ABT) comprising a furnace 5 and a column 6. This block is the first initial stage of oil refining.

 Block III is intended for the production of basic commercial products by processing a heavy residue.

 Block IV is a system for processing bottom-hole zones (SCF) of wells from asphalt-resinous sediments with solvents. It contains a finished product warehouse 7, tanks 8, a pump unit 9 for supplying light fractions to the well 10.

 Block V is a reservoir pressure maintenance system (PPM), consisting of a high pressure pump 11 for pumping water into the reservoir and a compressor 12.

 The presented drawing shows a typical case when associated gas with a small gas factor containing hydrogen sulfide and inert components cannot be used as fuel and is used to create a water-gas rim to increase oil recovery and is injected into the formation through the well.

 The described method is as follows.

 After drilling the well, the production of the well comes from well 1 to block I of the primary preparation of oil, gas and water. There it is fed to the unit 2 of a three-phase phase separator separator. From it, part of the product goes to dehydration unit 3, and part goes to sewage preparation unit 4 for subsequent injection into the reservoir.

 After preparation in block 1, the oil is heated in furnace 5 and fractionated in column 6 into two main streams.

 The first stream consists of light fractions, which consist of solvents (mainly gasoline fractions), black tanning salons and oils.

 The second stream is a heavy residue, which, depending on the properties of the oil being refined and the range of proposed commercial products, can be presented in the form of fuel oil or acid tar.

 After leaving column 6, part of the light fractions returns to the beginning of the process, in particular to reduce the viscosity of the oil, which significantly improves the separation and demulsification processes, and they can also be supplied as a working fluid to the well for driving a hydraulic piston pump or for dosing into the annulus in order to reduce the viscosity of oil when rising from the well.

 Another part of the light fractions in the form of black solarium or gas oil enters block IV - a system for processing bottom-hole zones of wells from asphalt-resinous sediments with solvents. There she goes to the finished goods warehouse 7. After which the solvent is pumped into tanks 8, transported to wells 9, pumped and washed by a pump unit. Excess light fractions are sold to external consumers or petrochemical enterprises.

 In addition, part of the light fractions enters block III as a solvent for bitumen and slag.

 The heavy residue that leaves column 6 enters block III, which is intended for the release of the main marketable products by processing them.

 Moreover, as a rule, the proportion of the heavy residue in the hydrocarbon production of wells is 60-70%.

 When processing a heavy residue, semi-finished products can be obtained, in particular such as bitumen, varnishes, paints, mastics, ASA, COX, carbon fiber, abrasive materials, metalloporphyrins, catalysts, which in turn can be processed into more than two dozen types of goods.

 The described method allows, by combining processes, to produce and process on-site products into consumer goods or semi-finished raw materials that are easily transported by wheeled, water, air or pipeline transport, light fractions are used in a closed cycle to improve the rheological properties of oils in the process of lifting fluid from a well , collection, transport and primary treatment of oil, gas, water, treatment of the bottom-hole zone of wells, creating a rim to increase oil recovery, as well extraction of the necessary asphalt-resinous components from the heavy residue, as a solvent for the production of varnishes, paints and mastics, as fuel for own needs, and the excess of light fractions can be sent to the consumer by pipeline or other convenient means of transport.

 The problems arising from the extraction of high-viscosity oils and significantly increasing the cost of production and transportation are largely associated with the long-standing traditions of artificially separating production technology from processing technology and a massive increase in the share of oil processing into motor fuels, and increasing the depth of processing using energy intensive processes. The proposed technology allows increasing the depth of processing up to almost 100%, but at the same time it takes into account the natural properties of oils, uses simple proven energy-free technologies to produce scarce goods and semi-finished products that are impossible or difficult to obtain in other ways.

Sourse of information
1. Alemasov V.E. (General edition). Integrated development of natural bitumen and high viscosity oils. Proceedings of the All-Union Conference on the integrated development of natural bitumen and high viscosity oils. - Kazan, 1992.

Claims (1)

 A method of developing heavy oil and bitumen deposits, including well drilling, oil production and its processing, characterized in that oil production is combined into a single waste-free production cycle with processing of well products, including primary preparation of oil, gas and water, oil processing by dividing it into light fractions and heavy asphalt-resinous components, after which direct distillation of light fractions is carried out, one part of which is used in a closed cycle in production operations, the other is used poured for processing, and asphalt-resinous components are processed on the spot into consumer goods and semi-finished products.