RU2158181C1 - Apparatus for disintegrating large-size polymeric products - Google Patents

Abstract

FIELD: equipment for coarse disintegration of polymeric materials. SUBSTANCE: apparatus includes central and peripheral shafts with cutting discs mounted in housing. There are spacing sleeves between shafts. Apparatus also includes calibrating grate. Central shafts are mounted with possibility of rotation one towards another. Peripheral shafts are mounted higher than central ones in parallel with them. Cutting discs of each shaft are arranged between cutting discs of adjacent shaft. Each central shaft is kinematically joined with adjacent peripheral shaft by means of gearing. Ratio of diameter of spacing sleeve of central shaft to width of cutting member of disc is selected according to relation: 0.4KZ <D/l<0.64KZ, where K - gear ratio, Z- quantity of cutting members of disc of peripheral shaft, D - diameter of spacing sleeve of central shaft, l- width of cutting member. EFFECT: simplified design of apparatus, reduced disintegration cycle. 2 dwg

Description

 The claimed invention relates to equipment for coarse grinding of polymeric materials and can be used in chemical, woodworking and other industries.

 An analogue of the proposed technical solution is a device for grinding automobile tires, consisting of shafts mounted in a housing with the possibility of counter-rotation of shafts with circular knives and spacer rings and axles with sets of gear disks, the axles being located under the shafts and kinematically connected to them by a chain drive. The cutting elements of the gear discs are located in the spaces between the circular knives (US Pat. No. 3,931,935, n.c. 241-24, 1976).

 The essential features of the analogue “body”, “shafts with circular knives”, “axes with sets of gear discs”, “kinematic connection of the shaft with an adjacent axis”, “placement of cutting elements of gear discs in the spaces between the circular knives” coincide with the essential features of the claimed inventions.

 However, this device does not effectively crush the material due to the location of the axes with sets of gear discs under the shafts with circular knives.

 Another analogue of the claimed invention is a wood shredder, comprising a housing, main cutting rollers located above and parallel to them additional rollers, protruding cutting elements of which enter the hollows of the disks of the main cutting rollers, a chain transmission between the main and additional rollers, calibration shells with holes. The cutting elements on each roller are arranged along a spiral converging toward the middle of the roller in the direction of its rotation (USSR AS N 1792368, microliter B 27 L 11/00, 1993).

 The essential features of the analogue "body", "primary and secondary cutting rollers", "their location", "the location of the cutting elements in the hollows of the disks of the adjacent roller", "kinematic connection of the primary and secondary rollers" and "the presence of calibration shells" coincide with the essential features of the proposed devices.

 The chopper creates the conditions for self-tightening pieces of wood into the cutting rollers and the date the ability to obtain material with a particle length corresponding to the size of the holes of the shells, but it has insufficient productivity.

 The closest analogue of the claimed invention for the problem to be achieved and the technical result achieved is a device for grinding large-sized rubber waste containing central shafts with cutting disks mounted in the housing with the possibility of counter rotation and mounted peripheral shafts with cutting disks mounted above and parallel to them. Kinematically, the central and peripheral shafts are not interconnected, and the direction of rotation is the same for a pair of left and a pair of right shafts. Between the disks are spacer sleeves, and the cutting elements of the disks of each shaft are placed in the spaces between the disks of the adjacent shaft. Under the central shafts there is a grate; above the peripheral rotors, horizontal plates are fixed to them for collecting unrefined waste (AS USSR N 1348190, mcl B 29 B 17/00, 1987).

 The essential features of the closest analogue "installed in the housing with the possibility of counter-rotation of the shafts", their location, execution, placement of the cutting elements of the drives of the shafts, the "calibrating grate" coincides with the essential features of the claimed invention.

 This device has poor performance.

 The problem to which the invention is directed, is to increase the productivity of the device by reducing the duration of the process of grinding material. Another type of technical result, the receipt of which can provide the claimed invention in comparison with the prototype, is to simplify the design of the device.

где K - передаточное число зубчатой передачи;
Z - число режущих элементов диска периферийного вала;
D - диаметр распорной втулки центрального вала;
l - ширина режущего элемента.To achieve the technical result, the device for grinding large polymer materials contains central and peripheral shafts installed in the housing with cutting disks alternating with spacer sleeves, and a calibrating grate, while the central shafts are installed with the possibility of counter rotation, the peripheral shafts are mounted above the central shafts and parallel him, and the cutting elements of the disks of each shaft are located in the gaps between the disks of the adjacent shaft, and the central shaft is kinematic and connected with the adjoining peripheral shaft via a gear train, and the ratio of the diameter of the spacer to the central shaft of the cutting element width ratio is selected from

where K is the gear ratio;
Z is the number of cutting elements of the peripheral shaft disk;
D is the diameter of the spacer sleeve of the Central shaft;
l is the width of the cutting element.

где K - передаточное число зубчатой передачи;
Z - число режущих элементов диска периферийного вала;
D - диаметр распорной втулки центрального вала;
l - ширина режущего элемента"
Изобретение иллюстрируется чертежами, где на фиг. 1 схематично представлено устройство для измельчения крупногабаритных полимерных материалов, поперечный разрез; на фиг. 2 - схема установки режущих дисков на валах с механизмом привода.Significant distinguishing features of the prototype of the proposed device are “the central shaft is kinematically connected to the peripheral shaft adjacent to it by means of a gear transmission” and “the ratio of the diameter of the spacer sleeve of the central shaft to the width of the cutting element is selected from the ratio

where K is the gear ratio;
Z is the number of cutting elements of the peripheral shaft disk;
D is the diameter of the spacer sleeve of the Central shaft;
l is the width of the cutting element "
The invention is illustrated by drawings, where in FIG. 1 schematically shows a device for grinding large polymer materials, a cross section; in FIG. 2 is a diagram of the installation of cutting discs on shafts with a drive mechanism.

 The device for grinding large polymer materials contains central shafts 2 installed in the housing 1, parallel to each other and with the possibility of counter rotation from the drive 3 through a gearbox 4 and gears 5 and 6. On the shafts 2, cutting disks 8 with cutting elements are fixed using keys dowels 7 9. Between the disks 8 on the shafts 2 are set spacers 10.

 On the supply side of the material for grinding, parallel to the shafts 2, peripheral shafts 12 are mounted for rotation from them by means of gears 11, on which cutting disks 14 with cutting elements 15 are mounted using keys 13. Spacer sleeves 16 are mounted on the shafts 12 between the disks 14.

 The cutting discs 8 and 14 of the shafts 2 and 12, respectively, are included in the gaps between the cutting discs 8 and 14 of the adjacent shaft. The cutting discs 8 and 4 are placed on the shafts 2 and 12 with a shift of the cutting elements 9 and 15 relative to adjacent disks.

 The ratio of the diameter D of the spacer sleeve 10 of the central shaft 2 to the width l of the cutting elements 9 and 15 of the disks 8 and 14, respectively, is selected in the range from 0.4 to 0.64 of the product of the gear ratio K of the gear 11 by the number Z of the cutting elements 15 of the disk 14 of the peripheral shaft 12.

 In the exit zone of the crushed material in the housing 1 there is a calibrating grating 17 with holes staggered.

 The device operates as follows.

 The material to be crushed is fed to the cutting disks 8 of the central shafts 2. Passing between the cutting elements 9, the material is cut into pieces that are compressed and squeezed between the disks 8. The pieces stuck between the disks 8 are cut by the cutting elements 15 of the peripheral shafts 12 and are moved between the disks 8 and 14 into loading area and are subjected to repeated grinding. Small pieces of crushed material are woken through the openings of the calibrating grate 17 into the receiving hopper of the finished product (not shown). Pieces of material that are not stuck between the disks 8 are captured by the cutting elements 9 and moved to the disks 14 of the peripheral shafts 12, which feed them for re-grinding.

 Due to the selected ratio of the diameter of the spacer sleeve 10 of the central shaft 2 to the width of the cutting elements 9 and 15, high grinding performance is achieved, when the ratio leaves the specified limits, the productivity of the inventive device drops sharply (twice).

Claims (1)

A device for grinding large polymeric materials, containing central and peripheral shafts installed in the housing with cutting discs between which spacer sleeves are located, and a calibrating grate, while the central shafts are mounted for counter rotation, the peripheral shafts are mounted above and parallel to the central shafts, and the cutting discs of each shaft are located in the spaces between the cutting discs of the adjacent shaft, characterized in that each central shaft is kinematically connected to the adjacent peripheral shaft by means of a gear transmission, and the ratio of the diameter of the spacer sleeve of the Central shaft to the width of the cutting element of the disk is selected from the ratio

where K is the gear ratio;
Z is the number of cutting elements of the peripheral shaft disk;
D is the diameter of the spacer sleeve of the Central shaft;
l is the width of the cutting element.

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