RU215679U1 - FILLER FOR APPLICATION IN BUILDING STRUCTURE - Google Patents

Abstract

The utility model relates to the construction industry, in particular to a device for adjoining a horizontal surface to a vertical one in a building structure, which is a fillet that has a working surface (1), two side surfaces (2) and a perpendicular section in the form of an isosceles trapezoid with angles equal to 45°, with a long base belonging to the working surface (1) of the fillet, and the fillet consists of a layer (3) of extruded polystyrene foam, on the surface (4) of which a layer (5) of concrete is applied, while the side surfaces (2) of the fillet are made with the possibility adjoining to the horizontal and vertical surfaces of the building structure. The utility model provides an increase in the efficiency of construction work: an increase in the speed of work on the installation of building structures and, accordingly, a reduction in their time and "all-season", as well as a reduction in labor costs for their implementation.

Description

Field of technology to which the utility model belongs

The utility model relates to the construction industry, in particular to a prefabricated device for adjoining horizontal surfaces to vertical ones in a building structure, which is a fillet (side) for use under a waterproofing sheet.

State of the art

In building structures, before performing waterproofing at the junction of horizontal surfaces to vertical ones, for example, floors or flat roofs to walls, parapets, ventilation shafts, pipes, chimneys, etc., it is necessary to ensure a smooth transition from a horizontal surface to a vertical one. This smooth transition is necessary in order to avoid damage to the waterproofing sheet during the operation of the building structure, including from thermal expansion, mechanical damage and rupture of the roofing "carpet" of bitumen-polymer rolled waterproofing materials. These damages can occur at horizontal/vertical junctions, where two planes are connected at right angles and high mechanical stresses occur due to dynamic fluctuations and thermal expansion/shrinkage deformations.

The standard way to solve this problem is to manufacture a concrete inclined ledge (fillet) directly at the junction of the surfaces in the building structure. Thus, a node is known for adjoining waterproofing layers of rolled roofs to panel parapet walls with a height of not more than 600 mm (prototype), including concrete padding made of lightweight concrete and a protective apron, moreover, the waterproofing layers are glued along the inclined surface of the concrete padding and along the top of the panel parapet wall, where they, together with fixed with a protective apron with a reinforced concrete parapet slab (RU 13905 U1, 06/10/2000). Nabetonka is carried out between the base of the roof and the parapet (side) wall at an angle of 45 °, which ensures a smooth transition between these surfaces.

The disadvantages of the known junction with the use of concrete is that the process of making the concrete is carried out manually "in place", i.e. in the junctions themselves, and requires highly qualified personnel. Also, the disadvantages of the known technical solution include its “seasonality”, since the cement mortar can only be used at a positive ambient temperature or requires the use of special additives in its composition, or the use of “greenhouses” - artificial heating of the roof area on which the junction is performed .

In addition, the known method of solving the problem is laborious, since it includes the costs of lifting the raw materials, mixing concrete, laying it, etc., and increases the time of work, since after the concrete has been completed, additional time is required for it to gain the necessary strength, which lengthens the installation time of the structure, and also requires additional control of the geometry of such a node.

Thus, until now, there is a need for technical solutions that make it possible to conveniently, reliably and efficiently ensure a smooth transition from a horizontal surface to a vertical one at the points of their connection in a building structure.

Utility Model Disclosure

The technical task to which the utility model is directed is to provide a device for adjoining horizontal surfaces to vertical ones in a building structure, which is a fillet (side), completely ready for installation under a waterproofing sheet at the junction of these surfaces in a building structure.

The technical result provided by the utility model is an increase in the efficiency of construction work with its use, which consists, among other things, in increasing the speed of work on the installation of building structures and, accordingly, in reducing their time, "all-season" construction work, in reducing labor costs for their implementation.

The technical result of the utility model is achieved by the claimed device for adjoining a horizontal surface to a vertical one in a building structure, which is a prefabricated fillet, which has a working surface (1), two side surfaces (2) and a perpendicular section in the form of an isosceles trapezoid with angles equal to 45° , with a long base belonging to the working surface (1) of the fillet, and the fillet consists of a layer (3) of extruded polystyrene foam, on the surface (4) of which a layer (5) of concrete is applied, while the side surfaces (2) of the fillet are made with the possibility of adjoining to horizontal and vertical surfaces of the building structure. Such a fillet is completely ready for installation at the place of its application.

The layer (3) of extruded polystyrene foam may have a thickness of at least 40 mm.

The concrete layer (5) may be at least 6 mm thick.

The concrete layer (5) may have a thickness of 8-10 mm.

The length of the sides of the trapezoid can be 65-90 mm.

The length of the long base of the trapezoid belonging to the working surface (1) of the fillet may be 141 mm, the length of the sides of the trapezoid may be 85 mm, the thickness of the layer (3) of extruded polystyrene foam may be 50 mm, the thickness of the layer (5) of concrete may be 10 mm.

Grooves 1-3 mm wide and 5-15 mm deep can be applied to the surface (4) of the layer (3) of extruded polystyrene foam with an interval of 20-40 mm to ensure adhesion between the layer (3) of extruded polystyrene foam and the layer (5) of concrete.

Brief description of the drawings

On FIG. 1 shows a photo of a fillet (inclined side) placed at the junction of a horizontal surface to a vertical one.

On FIG. 2 is a view illustrating the placement of the fillet under the waterproofing sheet.

On FIG. 3 shows a 3D view of a fillet consisting of two layers.

On FIG. 4 shows a perpendicular trapezoidal section of a fillet consisting of two layers.

On FIG. 5 shows options for cutting fillets from an extruded polystyrene foam plate with a concrete layer applied to its surface.

Implementation of the utility model

The device claimed in accordance with the utility model for adjoining a horizontal surface to a vertical one in a building structure is a fillet or a side - a beam in the form of a quadrangular prism, having an isosceles trapezoid with angles equal to 45 ° in perpendicular section, with a long base belonging to the working surface of the fillet, intended for contact with the waterproofing sheet. At the same time, the fillet consists of two layers: a layer made of extruded (extruded) expanded polystyrene (XPS), on the surface of which a layer of concrete is applied, and the side surfaces of the fillet are made with the possibility of adjoining the horizontal and vertical surfaces of the building structure.

The fillet is designed to provide a smooth transition from the horizontal to the vertical plane in the building structure. Such a transition during the operation of building structures helps to avoid mechanical damage and ruptures of the waterproofing sheet placed over the fillet and the indicated planes, for example, a roofing "carpet" made of bitumen-polymer roll materials, at the junction of the roof or foundation to walls, parapets, ventilation shafts, pipes or chimneys.

In building structures at horizontal/vertical junctions, such as floor/wall or roof/wall, where two planes are connected at right angles, high mechanical stresses occur due to dynamic fluctuations and/or thermal expansion/shrinkage deformations of structural elements. In the case of a fillet, in particular the claimed utility model, the connection/adjacency of the horizontal and vertical surfaces is performed not at a right angle, but at an angle of 135°, which avoids the occurrence of mechanical stresses and ruptures of the waterproofing.

In addition, the fillet also performs a purely technological function, since it is much more difficult to ensure reliable fastening of the waterproofing sheet, including by fusing, for example, bitumen-polymer roll materials, on surfaces adjacent at an angle of 90 ° than at an angle of 135 °.

In the prototype, the device used for adjoining is concrete, after the concrete has hardened, it is a straight triangular prism. Accordingly, the base of such a prism, as well as its perpendicular section, have the shape of a right triangle, while the edge of the concrete, formed by the vertices of the right angle of the triangle, is in contact with the horizontal and vertical surfaces of the building structure.

For a prefabricated fillet of this shape, it is difficult to ensure its tight fit to the surfaces for a smooth transition between which it is intended. It is assumed that when using the specified fillet at the junction, the rib formed by the vertices of the right angle of the triangular section should be in contact with the junction of the surfaces - horizontal and vertical. However, in practice, the junction / connection angle of surfaces in a building structure is often not kept equal to 90 ° and, in addition, these surfaces often have irregularities in the corner itself, therefore, a fillet with such a cross-sectional shape, as a rule, will not fit snugly against horizontal and vertical surfaces.

In turn, the loose fit of the fillet in practice causes technological difficulties at the time of its laying, and, of course, can cause a change in the design position of the fillet itself, which entails both difficulties in attaching the waterproofing material and possible mechanical damage to the coating due to displacement of the fillet. during operation.

To overcome the disadvantages caused by the loose fit of the fillet, the authors of this utility model proposed to change its shape, namely, to produce a fillet with a trapezoidal shape of a perpendicular section, i.e. the base of the prism, which is a fillet (Fig. 1-3). This form of the fillet makes it possible to ensure its tighter fit to the horizontal and vertical surfaces of the abutment, since the void in the very place where the fillet of the trapezoidal shape is pressed against the horizontal and vertical surfaces just makes it possible to level these irregularities and differences, ensuring the reliability of the structural placement of the fillet.

It was proposed to make a fillet (sloping side) from mineral wool. However, the proposed technical solution has a number of disadvantages, in particular, mineral wool has a number of application features: the strength of mineral wool for the manufacture of this product must be at least 70 kPa to withstand certain mechanical loads, while mineral wool is a hygroscopic material and has a water absorption of 1 .5 to 3%. Thus, with a large mechanical impact or partial wetting, such a technical solution may fail. Due to the above disadvantages, mineral wool fillets will be of limited use.

In order to overcome all the above problems, the authors of this utility model proposed to produce a fillet of extruded polystyrene foam (XPS), having a trapezoidal shape of a perpendicular section, or the base of the prism that it is. The fillet, made of extruded polystyrene foam, due to the properties of this material, has high strength characteristics, low thermal conductivity (i.e., it has thermal insulation properties) and does not have high water absorption. Therefore, in applications where high-strength materials are required, for example, in the construction of in-service roofs, floors, foundations, an extruded polystyrene foam fillet is the best solution. In addition, the advantages of the fillet made of extruded polystyrene foam are its precise geometry and effective thermal insulation.

Due to the fact that, in accordance with the chosen technology for mounting structures, it is supposed to fix the waterproofing sheet by fusing it on the surface, but due to the flammability of extruded polystyrene foam, it is impossible to perform such fusing directly on this material, the authors of the utility model came up with the idea of using a layer of concrete as a layer for fusing ( concrete layer). However, this method of placing and fastening the waterproofing sheet on surfaces with an inclined ledge (fillet) at their junction is not mandatory, in addition to fusing, other suitable methods of placing and fastening the waterproofing can be used.

In addition, the use of a protective concrete layer additionally increases the strength of the working surface of the fillet, while the type and grade of concrete is not essential for achieving the claimed technical result.

According to the results of the studies, it was determined that the concrete should be applied with a layer of at least 6 mm in order to be able to fuse bitumen-polymer materials without damaging the extruded polystyrene foam (XPS), preferably the thickness of the concrete layer is 8-10 mm. A large value of the thickness of the concrete layer is economically, as well as technologically impractical - it is inconvenient to work with a heavier fillet, for example, to cut in short sections of joints / junctions if adjustment is necessary.

Thus, the proposed fillet consists of two layers: a layer of extruded (extruded) expanded polystyrene (or XPS), which is heat-insulating, since it also provides, among other things, the heat-insulating properties of the fillet, and a layer of concrete, which, if necessary, provides the possibility of fusing a waterproofing sheet on it, and also giving the working surface of the fillet additional strength.

The length of the sides of an isosceles trapezoid, which is a perpendicular section (or base) of the finished fillet, is 65-90 mm. A shorter length does not provide a smooth transition from a horizontal to a vertical surface sufficient to eliminate the above problems, and a longer one will lead to a violation of the geometry of the building structure.

For the production of a fillet in accordance with the utility model, extruded (extruded) polystyrene foam is used, obtained in a standard way, for example, by mixing polystyrene granules at elevated temperature and pressure with the introduction of a blowing agent (for example, liquefied carbon monoxide, ethyl alcohol, dimethyl ether, isobutane), mixing and subsequent extrusion from the extruder through the forming head - die in the form of a continuous foamed tape. Next, the continuous strip is cooled and cut to form XPS boards. Extruded polystyrene foam (XPS) has a uniform structure with closed pores and a cell diameter of 0.1-0.3 mm, which ensures low thermal conductivity of this material - no more than 0.033 W/(m⋅K) at 25±5°C.

Example.

The method for obtaining a fillet in accordance with the utility model is as follows:

From the feedstock - general purpose polystyrene, in accordance with GOST 32310 - 2020, XPS boards are made with a width of at least 500 mm, a length of 500 mm to 3000 mm and a thickness of 20 mm to 100 mm. Then one of the two main (i.e. not side) surfaces - the surface (4) of the resulting plate is mechanically processed, for example, with a set of milling cutters, cutting grooves on the surface with an interval of 20-40 mm, for example, with a width of 1-3 mm and a depth 5-15 mm, in order to ensure adhesion between extruded polystyrene foam and concrete, a layer (5) of which is subsequently applied 10 mm thick on the machined surface (4) of the plate (Fig. 4).

The surface (4) of the XPS board can be machined in automatic mode using a set of cutters that cuts a series of grooves on the surface (4) of the board at a certain interval, as described above. In addition, the surface (4) of the slab can be mechanically processed in another way suitable for this purpose, for example, by peeling off a thin layer of XPS particles with a hacksaw, which gives the surface (4) of the slab a certain roughness, ensuring the adhesion of the surface (4) of the XPS slab to the concrete layer (5).

After treating the surface (4) of the slab and applying a layer (5) of concrete, for example, high-quality polymer concrete, the XPS slab is kept in order to mature the concrete layer (5), dried, then cut into fillets 500-2000 mm long, in which the heat-insulating layer ( 3) is made of an extruded polystyrene foam board, and the layer (5) is made of concrete. In this case, cutting options are possible from the resulting plate of fillets with various shapes of the perpendicular section: an isosceles right triangle or an isosceles trapezoid (Fig. 5). Slicing options are determined in production, based on the specific capabilities available.

If the fillet cut at the previous stage has a perpendicular section in the form of an isosceles right-angled triangle, then at the next stage, the edge formed by the vertices of the right angle of the triangle is cut off at the fillet to the required depth, determined for a particular application, to obtain a fillet completely ready for installation at the junction of the fillet with trapezoidal perpendicular section (Fig. 4).

If a fillet is cut out of the slab, which immediately has a trapezoid-shaped cross section, then such a fillet does not require cutting off the specified rib and is ready for use at the junction of surfaces without the above operation.

As a non-limiting example, the above method first produces a fillet with a cross section in the form of a right triangle. Then, at the fillet, the rib formed by the vertices of the right angle of the triangle is cut off to a depth of 15 mm and a finished product with a trapezoidal perpendicular section is obtained, in which the height of the trapezoid is 60 mm, the length of the long base of the trapezoid is 141 mm, and the length of the sides is 85 mm. At the same time, the fillet has a layer (3) of extruded polystyrene foam with a thickness of 50 mm and a layer (5) of concrete with a thickness of 10 mm. However, as described above, a fillet with the specified characteristics can be cut immediately with a trapezoidal section. The presence or absence of a right angle cutting operation is determined in production, based on the specific capabilities available.

The length of the fillets (sides), as well as the dimensions and methods of their packaging, are not essential for the functionality of the fillets and can be determined in production for specific types and places of application.

The main characteristics of the extruded polystyrene foam fillet with a concrete layer from the presented example are shown in table 1.

Table 1
The main physical and mechanical characteristics of the fillet made of extruded polystyrene foam (XPS) Name of indicator Unit rev. Criterion Meaning Test method The compressive strength of the thermal insulation layer (XPS layer) at
10% relative deformation kPa at least 150 GOST EN 826-2011,
GOST 32310-2020
(EN 13164+A.1:2015) Ultimate tensile strength of heat-insulating and concrete layers kPa at least fifty GOST EN 1607-2011 Flexural strength kPa at least 300 GOST 17177-94 Thermal conductivity of the insulation (heat-insulating layer) in a dry state at a temperature of (25±5)°С W/(m⋅K) no more 0.033 GOST 7076-99,
GOST 32310-2020
(EN 13164+A.1:2015) Thermal conductivity under operating conditions "A" and "B" W/(m⋅K) no more 0.034 GOST R 54855-2011 Water absorption of insulation (heat-insulating layer) for 24 hours, by volume % no more 0.4 GOST 15588-2014 Vapor permeability coefficient mg/(m⋅h⋅Pa) - 0.01 GOST 25898-2020 Humidity of the concrete layer (screed) % no more five - Combustibility group of the product (fillets) - - G1* GOST 30244-94 * For fillets with a thickness of high-strength cement-sand (concrete) layer from 10 mm

Thus, the perpendicular section of the inventive fillet is an isosceles trapezoid with angles equal to 45°, with a long base belonging to the working surface (1) of the fillet, and sides belonging to the side surfaces (2) of the fillet, with a layer (5) of concrete applied to the surface (4) of the layer (3) of the fillet (Fig. 4).

In accordance with the claimed utility model, the finished fillet has a layer (3) thickness of extruded polystyrene foam of at least 40 mm, a side side width (i.e. the length of the side of the trapezoid, which is a perpendicular section of the fillet) 65-90 mm, the thickness of the concrete layer ( 5) not less than 6 mm, preferably 8-10 mm.

The claimed device for adjoining horizontal surfaces to vertical ones in a building structure - the fillet does not require manufacturing directly at the place of its installation, it is completely ready for use, namely for installation at the junction of horizontal surfaces to vertical ones in a building structure, for example, to walls, parapets, ventilation mines, pipes, chimneys, etc., on which they are further attached, for example, a waterproofing sheet is welded. In addition, the fillet has high strength and thermal insulation properties, as well as low water absorption, which allows it to be used under high mechanical loads without the threat of losing its properties and installation accuracy.

Thus, the present utility model provides a device for adjoining horizontal surfaces to vertical ones in a building structure - a fillet, the use of which makes it possible to conveniently and reliably ensure a smooth transition from horizontal to vertical surfaces at their junctions, while increasing the efficiency of construction work: increasing the speed performance of work on the installation of building structures and, accordingly, their terms are reduced, the "all-season" construction work is ensured and labor costs for their implementation are reduced.

Claims (7)

1. A device for adjoining a horizontal surface to a vertical one in a building structure, which is a fillet that has a working surface (1), two side surfaces (2) and a perpendicular section in the form of an isosceles trapezoid with angles equal ^to 45 °, with a long base belonging to working surface (1) of the fillet, and the fillet consists of a layer (3) of extruded polystyrene foam, on the surface (4) of which a layer (5) of concrete is applied, while the side surfaces (2) of the fillet are made with the possibility of adjoining the horizontal and vertical surfaces of the building structure . 2. Device according to claim 1, wherein the layer (3) of extruded polystyrene foam has a thickness of at least 40 mm. 3. Device according to claim 1, wherein the layer (5) of concrete has a thickness of at least 6 mm. 4. Device according to claim 3, in which the layer (5) of concrete has a thickness of 8-10 mm. 5. The device according to claim 1, in which the length of the sides of the trapezoid is 65-90 mm. 6. Device according to claim 1, in which the length of the long base of the trapezoid is 141 mm, the length of the sides is 85 mm, the thickness of the layer (3) of extruded polystyrene foam is 50 mm, and the thickness of the layer (5) of concrete is 10 mm. 7. The device according to claim 1, in which grooves 1-3 mm wide and 5-15 mm deep are applied to the surface (4) of the layer (3) of extruded polystyrene foam with an interval of 20-40 mm to ensure adhesion between the layer (3) of extruded polystyrene foam and a layer (5) of concrete.

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