RU2155700C2 - Method of rescue of submariners from damaged submarine and device for realization of this method - Google Patents

Abstract

FIELD: rescue of personnel of damaged submarine with the use of self-contained breathing apparatus. SUBSTANCE: method consists in breathing during compression to depth of 200 m different gas mixtures: to depth of 20±5 m, submariners breathe air and then they breathe 8-% oxygen-nitrogen-helium mixture. Device for realization of this method includes breathing loop with breathing bag and oxygen-demand apparatus and breathing gas mixture bottles: one bottle is filled with air and two other bottles are filled with 8-% oxygen-nitrogen-helium mixture; air bottle and one bottle filled with 8-% oxygen-nitrogen-helium are connected with oxygen-demand apparatus via selector; third bottle filled with 8-% oxygen-nitrogen-helium mixture and provided with starter is connected with breathing bag via nozzle; mechanisms of selector and starter are adjusted to change-over of supply from air to 8-% oxygen-nitrogen-helium mixture at attaining depth of 20±5 m. EFFECT: enhanced safety and reliability of rescue of submariners at any depth. 3 cl, 1 dwg

Description

 The invention relates to the field of rescue of personnel (l / s) from an emergency submarine (NPS) using isolating breathing apparatus (IDA) and can be used on submarines of the Russian Navy.

 There is a method of rescuing submarines from nuclear submarines while providing search and rescue services, which consists in the fact that when rescuing (leaving the nuclear submarines) from depths up to 100 m, submariners breathe 25% oxygen-nitrogen-helium mixture (CAGS) with a constant supply of oxygen / "Rules for the exit of personnel from the emergency submarine PV-PL-87", -M .: Military Publishing, 1988, p. 40 /.

 The disadvantage of this method is the limited depth of rescue of divers.

 Closest to the proposed invention in technical essence and the achieved result is a method of rescue submarines from nuclear submarines, which consists in breathing in the compression period from depths from 101 to 200 m with various breathing mixtures / PV-PL-87 /, s. 40, prototype. When leaving the submarine from depths of 101 to 200 m, submariners in the airlock device breathe: first, to a depth of 60 m - the air of this airlock device, which in an emergency can be contaminated with harmful substances, and then - 8% CAGS from the IDA. This allows you to increase the depth of rescue of submariners to 200 m.

 The device that provides the described rescue methods is the IDA-59M / Century M breathing apparatus adopted for supply to the Navy. Slesarev "Diving equipment", -M.: Military Publishing House, 1990, p. 97-111, prototype.

 The device consists of a breathing circuit with a breathing bag and a pulmonary automaton, into which respiratory gas mixtures (DGS) are supplied from the cylinders, and when leaving the depths of up to 100 m, the cylinders are charged: with a constant supply - with oxygen, connected to the pulmonary automaton - 25% CAGS. In the initial period, submariners breathe 25% CAGS from the breathing bag, into which there is a constant supply of oxygen. With increasing pressure in the lock device, only 25% CAGS is delivered to the breathing bag through the pulmonary machine.

 When leaving the depths from 101 to 200 m, balloons with 8% CAGS are supplied to the submarines, which replace cylinders with 25% CAGS. In the initial period of compression, the submariners breathe air located in the lock device, and when they reach a depth of 60 m, they are turned on by command to the device and breathe from the air sac 8% CAGS.

 The disadvantages of this method and device for its implementation are the lack of automatic switching of respiratory gas mixtures over the entire depth range from 0 to 200 m, the difficulty of replacing cylinders of one DGS with another, especially in the event of an accident on Sq. In addition, breathing air at elevated pressure in insufficiently trained divers causes nitrogen anesthesia "intoxication", which leads to erroneous actions.

 An object of the invention is to provide the ability to automatically transfer the surviving submarine during compression in the gateway device with breathing air from the IDA to the respiration of 8% CAGS at a depth of 20 ± 5 m rather than 60 m and the necessary supply of this mixture at depths of up to 200 m

 The optimal pressure (depth) of the transition from breathing air to breathing of 8% CAGS according to the narcotic effect of nitrogen and the optimal value of the partial pressure of oxygen when rescuing l / s from nuclear submarines is 0.2 MPa (20 m) / "Physiology of scuba diving and emergency Rescue Case, ed. I.A. Sapova, L .: VMA them. CM. Kirova, 1986 /.

 This is achieved by the fact that in the method of rescue submariners from nuclear submarines, which consists in breathing during the compression to a depth of 200 m with various respiratory gas mixtures, according to the invention, to a depth of 20 ± 5 m, the submariners breathe air from the IDA, and then 8% CAGS. Moreover, in the device for ensuring the rescue of submariners from nuclear submarines, containing a breathing circuit with a breathing bag and a pulmonary automaton, and cylinders with breathing gas mixtures, according to the invention, one of the cylinders is filled with air, and the other two with 8% CAGS, and the cylinder with air and one of the cylinders with 8% CAGS and a starter is connected to the breathing bag through the nozzle, while the mechanisms of the switch and the starter are adjusted to switch the air supply to 8% CAGS when a depth of 20 ± 5 m is reached.

 The technical result that is obtained by the implementation of the invention is the safety and reliability of rescue over the entire range of depths.

 The device diagram is shown in the drawing.

 The device contains a breathing circuit, an annular breathing bag 1, a pulmonary automaton 2, a regenerative cartridge 3, inspiratory tubes 4 and an outlet 5, a valve box 6 with a half mask 7 and an atmospheric valve 8. A cylinder 11 is connected to the breathing bag 1 through a nozzle 9 and a starter 10, filled with 8% CAGS. Cylinders filled with air 13 and 8% CAGS 14 are connected to the lung machine 2 through switch 12.

 The device operates as follows.

 When leaving the submarine, the submariners put the IDA breathing bag 1 on their neck and breathe through the half mask 7. When in the compartment, the submariners can breathe cut-off air if it is not contaminated with harmful impurities. In this case, the atmospheric valve 8 of the valve box 6 is open. If the air in the submarine compartment is contaminated, the submariners open the valves of the cylinders 11, 13, 14 and close the atmospheric valve 8. At normal pressure, the starter 10 is closed, and the switch mechanism 12 is in the position of supplying air from the cylinder 13 to the lung machine 2. Air is breathed according to the closed scheme: valve box 5, exhalation tube 5, regenerative cartridge 3, breathing bag 1, inspiratory tube 4. When pressure rises, the pulmonary automaton 2 fires and starts supplying air from cylinder 13 to breathing bag 1.

 When the depth of 20 ± 5 m is reached, the mechanisms of the starter 10 and switch 12 are triggered. The air supply from the cylinder 13 to the lung machine 2 is stopped, and the supply of 8% CAGS from the cylinder 14. At the same time, a constant (at all depths) flow of 8% starts - No CAGS from cylinder 11 through starter 10 and nozzle 9.

 After the pressure is equalized with the outboard, a constant composition of the gas mixture is established, safe for any depth of exit, and the submariners exit the airlock into the water, where, using the divers, they are transferred to the diving bell or the baro complex of the rescue submarine.

 Thus, the proposed method and device for its implementation allow the divers to exit submarine lock devices from depths up to 200 m using a safe exit technology without mandatory pressure monitoring in the lock device (there is no need to manually switch to 8% CAGS when leaving the air).

 For the basic method of rescuing submariners from nuclear submarines and the device for its implementation, we accept the method regulated by the PV-Pl-87 Rules using an IDA-59M breathing apparatus (prototype).

 Compared with the base, the proposed method and device based on it can improve safety, reliability and the likelihood of rescue, as well as simplify the technology for submariners to exit the nuclear submarines without requiring mandatory constant pressure monitoring in the lock device during the compression period.

 As of the 1st quarter of 1998, the proposed method and device for its implementation have been tested by divers. 20914, prototypes of the isolating breathing apparatus IDA-P were developed and manufactured and its state tests were carried out.

Claims (2)

 1. The way to save the divers from the emergency submarine, which consists in breathing during the compression to depths of 200 m with various respiratory gas mixtures, characterized in that the divers breathe air to a depth of 20 ± 5 m, and then 8% oxygen-nitrogen-helium a mixture.  2. A device for ensuring the rescue of divers from an emergency submarine, containing a breathing circuit with a breathing bag and a lung machine and cylinders with breathing gas mixtures, characterized in that one of the cylinders is filled with air, and the other two with 8% oxygen-nitrogen a helium mixture, the balloon with air and one of the cylinders with 8% oxygen-nitrogen-helium mixture through a switch connected to the pulmonary machine, and the third balloon with 8% oxygen-nitrogen-helium mixture and the starter connected to the respiratory a flap through the nozzle, while the mechanisms of the switch and the starter are adjusted to switch the air supply to the 8% oxygen-nitrogen-helium mixture upon reaching a depth of 20 ± 5 m.