RU2153313C1 - Data presentation method for improving vision and preventing from vision function disorders - Google Patents

Abstract

FIELD: medicine. SUBSTANCE: method involves showing visible objects to a patient so that the objects are seen as stereo images with minimum eye convergence effort. The visible objects are produced as two identical text columns placed side-by-side. Identical elements are taken apart from one another in horizontal direction at a distance equal to or less than mean interpupillary distance. The patient reads text in stereo representation. EFFECT: alleviated tiredness; prevented stress states. 2 cl, 2 dwg

Description

 The invention relates to medicine and can be used to improve vision and prevent visual impairment, prevent stress, relieve visual and mental fatigue.

 In recent decades, there has been a significant increase in people with various visual impairments. Statistics confirm that in modern society 70% of people over 25 have some kind of visual impairment of the eyes, and by the age of 50 it is almost impossible to find a person who has one hundred percent vision. This indicates that well-known preventive measures are clearly not enough to solve this problem.

 Long work with closely located objects (in particular, reading) contributes to the emergence of a chronic spasm of accommodating and correcting muscles of the eye, which leads to a violation of its visual functions. It is known that binocular vision is provided by the work of the converting muscles of the eye attached externally to the eyeball. From existing scientific ideas it follows that refractive errors are not associated with any organic changes in the eyeball or lens structure, but with functional disorders of the muscles surrounding the eyeball. The cause of myopia is the tension of the oblique muscles surrounding the eyeball. Due to the chronic spasm of these muscles, the eyeball takes an ovoid shape, which does not allow the optical system of the eye to focus on the retina light rays reflected from distant objects - the rays are focused in the focal plane located in front of the retina. Often the cause of hyperopia is also the tension of the rectus muscles of the eye, leading to a flattening of the eyeball along its optical axis, which does not allow the optical system of the eye to focus light rays reflected from closely located objects on the retina - the rays are focused in the focal plane located behind the retina. The cause of astigmatism is the chronic unevenly stressed state of both of these groups of eye muscles, leading to disruption of the axisymmetric shape of the eyeball, and as a result to uneven refraction of light rays in different meridians of the eye / Bates William G. "Improving vision without glasses according to the Bates method," M., 1991, p. 7 - 13 /.

 Thus, according to Bates, the main element in the treatment of visual impairment is the elimination of the stress state of the external muscles of the eye.

 According to Bates, the root cause of the stress state of the external muscles of the eye is mental stress, so his method of treatment contains so many exercises specifically of a relaxation (not physiological) nature / ibid., Pp. 54 - 101 /.

 A close domestic analogue of the described technique is the vision correction method proposed by Yu.A. Utekhin. Like the first author, Utekhin believes that for the prevention and treatment of these visual impairments, factors causing overload of the muscles that converge the eyes should be eliminated, since a spasm of these muscles entails a change in the shape of the eyeball. Yu. A. Utekhin called his device, designed to relieve tension of the external (converging) muscles of the eye, bifocal sphere-prismatic glasses / BSPO /.

 BSPOs intended for the treatment of myopia (myopia) act as follows: they look into the distance through the upper parts of the BSPO (through ordinary concave spherical eyeglass lenses), and read through the lower ones (through prisms glued to these lenses). The prismatic parts of the BSPO reduce the diverging rays reflected from a nearby object to two parallel (or close to parallel) paths so that the visual axis of the eyes must also be kept parallel for their perception. Thus, the prisms of the BSPO take over the work of converging eye muscles, and the spherical lens, as usual, carries out accommodation. Even with very long reading in the BSPO, the functional state of the eyes corresponds to the distance vision, i.e. the external muscles of the eyeball are in a relaxed state of rest. After two to three months of wearing BSPO, visual acuity increases markedly, the degree of myopia decreases / Chapter "Treatment of visual defects according to the method of Yu.A. Utekhin" - in the book: Vision. Preservation, normalization, restoration. Gregory Page, 1995, pp. 75-78 /.

 As the author himself notes, industry can satisfy only a small part of patients who need OSB. In addition, the inconvenience associated with the need for a periodic change of glasses, as well as symptoms such as dizziness, headache, etc., which may occur if they are improperly selected, suggest the need for new approaches to solving the problem of correcting visual impairment.

 Taking into account the above approaches, the present invention solves the problem of improving and preventing visual impairment by presenting to the patient a specially prepared text. For our purposes, the text is printed (presented) in two identical columns in such a way that identical text elements in two columns are horizontally displaced relative to each other by a distance not exceeding the average interpupillary distance of a person (i.e. 5.0 - 7.5 cm, but not more than 10 cm.). For brevity, the text presented in this form, in the future, we will call the stereo text.

 It is known that although the convergence of the eye axes is removed only when examining objects distant more than 500 meters, it turns out to be insignificant even when examining objects located at a much closer distance (Kravkov S.V. Glaz and his work. M.-L. : Science, 1950, p. 404). When reading stereo text, the patient’s left eye should read the left column, the right eye should read the right column, while the optical axis of the patient’s eyes are almost parallel or absolutely parallel - in the extreme case, when identical elements in two columns are offset horizontally from each other horizontally with the interpupillary distance of the patient.

 Reading the stereotext creates the conditions allowing to weaken the spasm of the converging muscles of the eyeballs (allowing them to relax to a state corresponding to the distance vision), which, in practice, eliminates various abnormal conditions of the visual analyzer.

 Thus, the task is solved by presenting the patient with stereo text for reading, and after the optical axis of his eyes are brought to a position corresponding to the distance vision, and his eyes are focused on the surface with stereo text, he is offered to read a stereographic image of the text in which the left eye sees and reads the left column of the text, and the right eye - the right.

 Unlike usual, such reading does not require convergence of the eyes; it converts the converting muscles of the patient’s eyes to a state corresponding to distance vision. Reading is carried out in the zone of comfortable vision, the converging muscles of the eyeball are brought into a state of relaxation, which eliminates the factors that cause refractive errors.

 The method is as follows.

 The patient is presented with two identical texts printed (arranged) in two adjacent columns. Identical column elements are spaced (shifted) horizontally by a distance equal to or less than the average interpupillary distance of a person. Stereotext can be presented to the patient both on paper and on a computer screen or other device.

 Stereotext is placed at a distance of comfortable vision. In this case, each eye of the patient should read the text of his column, i.e. the left eye is the left column, and the right eye is the right column. To acquire the ability to read stereo text, the patient is asked to raise the sheet (device) with stereo text to eye level, look at the distance to the distant object on top of the sheet (screen) and, while maintaining the convergence of the visual axes to the distant object, look at the stereo text. The stereographic image of the text thus obtained allows the left eye to see and read the left column with text in front of it, and the right eye to see and read the right column.

 Stereotext reading techniques are similar to the "view through" technique used to view "magic pictures" —specifically made drawings that form the viewer's illusion of a three-dimensional stereoscopic image. The "view through" technique described in the literature (sometimes also called "wall-eyed") allows you to adjust the convergence of the optical axes of the eyes to distance vision while focusing the eyes on the surface of the image sheet ("Another dimention: THE BIG BOOK. High-definition 3D by Bohdan Petyhyrycz ". 21st Century Publishing, Clearwater, FL, 1994;" Three-Dimensional Magic of Boris Vallejo ". Popuri LLC, Minsk, 1996). Thus, the recommendations of the "view through" technique can also be used to read stereo text.

 To improve visual function, stereo text is read for 40-120 minutes daily, for 2-3 months, and in order to prevent visual impairment, the course is repeated at least 3 times a year.

 For a patient with myopia, stereo text is placed as far as possible, i.e. at the farthest point, where reading without muscle tension of accommodation is still possible. In the case of a strong degree of myopia, reading glasses should be used, the selection of which is carried out according to the recommendations of Yu. A. Utekhin / Chapter "Treatment of visual defects according to the method of Yu.A. Utekhin" - in the book: Vision. Preservation, normalization, restoration. M .: Gregory Page, 1995, p. 76 - 78 /. So, for nearsighted glasses used for reading should be weaker than glasses for a distance of 2.5 - 3.0 diopters. Patients who use glasses for ranges from minus 2.0 to minus 5.0 diopters can read stereo text without glasses. During treatment, the maximum distance at which stereo text can be read without straining the accommodating muscles of the eye should be regularly monitored. With a decrease in the degree of myopia, it is necessary to change reading glasses to less strong ones, and in these cases, read without them at all.

 With hyperopia, stereotext is placed at the closest possible distance at which it is clearly visible, and the accommodating muscles of the eye are not too tense. The rules of reading and control are the same as in patients with myopia.

 The stereo text can contain illustrative material (for example, the so-called stereo pairs), which makes it more attractive and rich in information (see Fig. 2, which shows the stereo text of this paragraph with a stereo pair).

 Stereotext allows stereographically highlighting words or groups of words that the author wishes to draw the reader’s attention to, for which the identical identical text elements in the columns are shifted relative to other identical elements. Moreover, if the identical identical text elements in two columns are shifted to each other, then the illusion of placing them in front of the main text plane appears, if the identical identical text elements are separated from each other, the illusion of their placement behind the main text appears (see Fig. 2 )

 It has been shown in the literature that the well-known “view through” technique normalizes the functional state of the brain, helps to achieve a state of relaxed wakefulness, as evidenced by an increase in the amplitude of the alpha rhythm (“Three-Dimensional Magic of Boris Valleggio.” Popuri LLC, Minsk, 1996, p. 4). Our observations have shown that reading text presented in this way can also improve the quality of vision.

 Improving vision when using the proposed method, we observed in four patients.

 Example 1

 Patient A. 32 years old. The diagnosis is myopia.

 I read stereo text daily for 120 minutes for three months. Visual acuity was checked according to the Golovin-Sivtsev table once a month (see table. 1).

 Example 2

 Patient B., 47 years old. The diagnosis is moderate hyperopia of both eyes.

 I read stereo text daily for 120 minutes for three months. Visual acuity was checked according to the Golovin-Sivtsev table once a month (see table. 2).

 The results can be interpreted as follows: as the exercises in reading the stereo text are completed, various abnormal conditions of the visual analyzer are eliminated due to the tension of the converging muscles of the eyeballs.

 Taking into account that the occurrence of refractive errors during strabismus and amblyopia is also caused by a spasm of the external muscles of the eyeball, it can be assumed that the developed method can also be used to improve vision functions in these conditions.

Claims (2)

 1. A method for improving and preventing visual impairment, including the presentation of visual elements perceived by the patient in a stereographic image with minimal eye convergence, characterized in that the visual elements are presented in the form of two identical texts, presented in the form of two adjacent columns, identical elements of which are spaced from each other horizontally to a distance not exceeding the average interpupillary distance of a person, while the patient reads the text in stereographic and siderations.  2. The method according to claim 1, characterized in that the text further comprises illustrative material.

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