EA001182B1 - A shurkin-bershansky device for optical correction and exercise of vision - Google Patents

Abstract

1. A device for the optical correction and exercise of vision comprising optical elements encased in a frame securely fastened with respect to the human eyes, characterized in that said optical elements have right and left zones with different optical characteristics which are interconnected by transition lines and mounted to ensure transition of the visual axis from one zone to another at any level on the horizontal, the difference in values of corresponding optical characteristics of the zones of each optical element lies within the limits between objective sensitivity of the eye and subjective sensitivity of the human being to the change in a given optical characteristic. 2. The device as claimed in claim 1, characterized in that the optical zones are formed by lenses, or prisms, or light filters, or any combination thereof. 3. The device as claimed in claim 1, characterized in that the optical elements are shaped as perforated plates with their zones being formed by stop apertures having a varying cross-section. 4. The device as claimed in claim 2, characterized in that a mean value of focal power of the zones of an optical element formed by the lenses corresponds to the value of refraction of the human eye, the difference in focal powers of the zones is smaller than the human's subjective sensitivity to the refraction change. 5. The device as claimed in claim 2, characterized in that the optical centers and/or optic symmetry axes of the corresponding zones are located in the same plane. 6. The device as claimed in claim 2, characterized in that the optical centers and/or optic symmetry axes of the corresponding zones are located in parallel planes. 7. The device as claimed in claim 2, characterized in that the optical centers and/or optic symmetry axes of the corresponding zones are located in intercrossing planes. 8. The device as claimed in claim 1, characterized in that a transition line of the optical characteristics from one zone to another of the optical element is made in the form of a straight line or a line which differs from the straight line. 9. The device as claimed in claim 1, characterized in that the transition lines of the optical elements are located as a mirror image or symmetrically or at an angle to each other. 10. The device as claimed in claim 1, characterized in that the frame is a spectacle frame or a removable extension piece on spectacles for mounting optical elements.

Description

The invention relates to medical technology and can be used in ophthalmology for the prevention and treatment of functional vision disorders, and can also be used, for example, in binoculars, microscopes, etc.

Prior art

Various devices for optical vision correction are widely known, in particular, glasses with bifocal lenses that have two optically transparent zones with different refractive indices (refraction) and a common dividing line, thereby significantly reducing the load on the accommodative convergent eye when the eye moves from a long distance to near when reading (see Rosenblyum Yu.Z., Optometry, M, Medicine, 1991, p. 45-50).

However, bifocal lenses cannot be used to train the accommodation-convergent eye apparatus for the prevention and treatment of functional visual impairment (accommodation spasm, presbyopia, myopia, binocular vision impairment, etc.), which significantly reduces their functionality.

There are a large number of devices for training the accommodative-convergent eye apparatus, both of the mechanical type, in which there is a continuous movement of the object of observation along the optical axis or imitation of the object’s removal and approach (patent PB 222075, A 61H 5/00, 1974), and computerized eye simulators (patents CB 2203565, A 61 H 5/00, 1988; WI 2066167, A 61 H 5/00, A 61 R 9/00, 1996; WI 2045254, A 61 R 9/00, A 61 H 5/00, 1995).

The disadvantages of the known devices is the complexity of their structures, the need for the cost of additional time to conduct special treatment and preventive procedures under the supervision of medical personnel, the impossibility of combining with everyday human activities.

Known glasses with adjustable focal length for vision correction in humans (patent VI 2046388, C 02C 7/08, A 61P 9/00, 1995). These glasses can be used as ordinary corrective glasses for "work" and for "given", regardless of the specific situation and type of human activity, which ultimately increases its efficiency. However, these glasses are difficult to manufacture, expensive, inconvenient to use and cannot simultaneously combine two functions, namely optical correction and training of the eye.

A Ferris device is known - Nikolai Sergeevich Kaverinsky's simulator (patent VI No. 2062078, A 61P 9/00), which allows you to perform both a correction function and a vision training function.

The combination of two functions in this device is provided due to the fact that the device containing the optical elements enclosed in the body fixed fixed relative to the human eye is additionally provided with mirror surfaces that allow you to expand the field of view, as well as train your eyesight. However, the known device is not very effective, since it cannot be used in the process of a person’s daily work activity, especially when performing visually intense work (reading, computer, assembly work, etc.), since the ideology of training in this device is based on the translation of glance from an object in front of a person to another object located at another point in the surrounding space and reflected by the mirror surface. In addition to the currently listed, there are still many different ways and devices for the prevention and treatment of vision, and some of them are very effective. But they all share a common flaw - they are all session, i.e. have an impact on the human eye only when performing therapeutic and prophylactic procedures. At the rest of the time, the working conditions of the eye remain practically unchanged, which inevitably leads to the resumption of disorders and the need for re-treatment.

Summary of Invention

An object of the invention is to harmonize the mode of operation of the human eye with the nature of the modern visual load by ensuring a continuous process of visual training due to involuntary eye movements without turning the head when examining objects that are directly in front of a person within the physiological angle of view to increase the effectiveness of treatment and prevention of functional disorders view.

It is known that the examination of objects by man occurs mainly when the eye moves horizontally within the physiological angle of view without turning the head (see Rosenblyum Yu.Z. Optometry, M, Medicine, 1991, p. 36).

In addition, it is known that a person's sensitivity to the displacement of an image of an object (subjective sensitivity) is significantly lower than the physiological (objective) eye sensitivity to this displacement (see A. Vatchenko. Accommodation spasm and myopia, Kiev, Health, 1977, p. 55- 60).

These facts are reflected in this invention.

The task is solved by the fact that in a device for optical correction and training of vision, containing optical elements enclosed in a housing fixed fixed relative to the human eye, the optical elements have zones with different optical characteristics connected by transition lines and are located in the housing with the ability to ensure the transition of the visual axis of each eye from the zone to the zone of the corresponding optical element at any level horizontally, with the difference in the values of the characteristics of the zones Each optical element lies in the range between the objective sensitivity of the eye and the subjective sensitivity of a person to changes in a given optical characteristic.

In the particular case in the device for optical correction and training of vision, containing optical elements having zones with different optical characteristics, the task is solved by the fact that the zones are formed by lenses or prisms or light filters, or their combination in any combination. In this case, the optical centers and / or axes of optical symmetry of the respective zones of the optical elements can be in the same horizontal plane or in parallel planes, or in mutually intersecting planes, the line of transition of optical characteristics from the zone to the zone of the optical element can be in the form of a straight line or a line different from the straight line, and the lines of transition of the characteristics of the zones of optical elements can be located mirror or parallel, or at an angle to each other.

In addition, in the particular case of the problem is solved by the fact that in the device for optical correction and training of vision, containing optical elements having zones with different optical characteristics, the latter are formed by lenses, while the average value of the optical power of the element zones corresponds to the refraction of the human eye, and the difference between the optical powers of these zones is less than the person’s subjective sensitivity to changes in refraction.

In addition, in the particular case of the optical elements can be made in the form of perforated plates, the optical zones of which are formed by openings of different bore.

In addition, optical elements having zones with different optical characteristics can be installed in a spectacle frame or in a removable binocular or monocular attachment for glasses.

Brief Description of the Drawings

FIG. 1 shows a device for optical correction and training of vision, made in the form of glasses;

in fig. 2 shows a graph of the change in the characteristic of an optical element depending on the angle of rotation of the visual axis of the eye in a device intended primarily for therapeutic purposes;

in fig. 3 shows a graph of changes in the characteristics of the optical element depending on the angle of rotation of the visual axis of the eye in a device designed primarily for the prevention of visual impairment;

in fig. 4 schematically shows a device with various variants of the shape and mutual arrangement of the transition lines of the characteristics of optical elements;

in fig. 5 schematically shows a device with an optimal arrangement of optical centers and axes of optical symmetry of zones;

in fig. 6 and 7 schematically depict a device with different variants of the relative position of the optical centers of the zones of optical elements formed by lenses;

in fig. 8 shows schematically a device with different variants of the mutual arrangement of the axes of optical symmetry of zones of optical elements formed by prisms;

in fig. 9 schematically shows a device in which the optical elements are made in the form of perforated plates;

in fig. 10 shows a diagram explaining the principle of operation of the device with optical elements formed by lenses;

in fig. 11 shows a diagram explaining the principle of operation of the device with optical elements formed by prisms.

The device contains (see Fig. 1) a spectacle frame (case) 1 with optical elements 2 and 3. Each optical element is made monolithic and has two optically transparent zones - left 4 and 6 and right 5 and 7, respectively, connected to each other corresponding to the transition lines 8 and 9.

The zones of optical elements are designed in such a way that the difference in the values of their optical characteristics Px (see Figs. 2 and 3) lies between the objective sensitivity of the eye Och and the subjective sensitivity of the person Sch to the magnitude of the change in this optical characteristic Ho.

Depending on the purpose, the device for optical correction and vision training is performed by forming zones of optical elements only from lenses, or only from prisms, or only from light filters, or from their combination in any combination. In addition, the optical elements of the device can be made of perforated plates. In all the cases listed above, various options are possible in the device for the form of execution and mutual arrangement of transition lines, as well as the mutual arrangement of optical centers and axes of optical symmetry of elements and zones.

So, in the case of performing zones of optical elements from lenses, the difference in the values of their optical forces is selected within Px = (0.1-0.5) diopters and is used mainly for the prevention and treatment of accommodative capacity disorders. In this case, smaller values (up to 0.3) are used in devices designed primarily for permanent wear, and large values (over 0.3) are used in devices intended primarily for conducting therapeutic training sessions.

When performing optical zones from prisms, the difference in the values of their optical forces is chosen within Px = (1-4) centiradian and is used mainly for the prevention and treatment of binocular vision disorders, using smaller values (up to 2) in devices for constant wear, and large ( over 2) - in devices for medical training.

Similarly, the characteristics of the optical zones are selected from the light filters, forming the optical zones 4 and 5, 6 and 7 (FIG. 5) of the required density and color. The device with optical elements formed from light filters is used for the prevention and treatment of color vision disorders.

When using perforated plates as optical elements, their optical zones are formed due to the different diameters of the diaphragm holes (see Fig. 9). So, for example, one zone is performed with a hole diameter of 1 mm, and the other with a hole diameter of 1.2-1.5 mm, which corresponds to Px = (0.2-0.5) mm. This contributes to the training of accommodation by changing the depth of field at the transition of the eye line from one zone of the optical element to another.

The absolute values of the characteristics of the zones of optical elements are chosen depending on the type of visual disorder.

With myopia (myopia), the zones are formed in such a way that the optical power of one of the zones of the optical element corresponds to the refraction of the human eye (section H in the graph of Figure 2), and the other would be greater by the value of Px (section B), which promotes relaxation of the ciliary muscles of the accommodative apparatus of the eye.

With farsightedness (hypermetropia or presbyopia), the optical power of one of the zones should correspond to the refraction of the human eye (section B in the graph of Figure 2), and the optical power of the other zone should be less by the value of Px (section H), which contributes to the strengthening of the ciliary muscle.

In normal vision (emmetropia), optical elements are used, the total optical characteristic of which is 0, while one of the zones is performed with the characteristic plus Px / 2 (section B in Fig. 3), and the other with the characteristic minus Px / 2 (section H on Fig. 3). A device with such characteristics has training effects on the muscular system of the eye and is used primarily for the active prevention of visual disorders.

By the nature of the transition of optical characteristics from zone to zone (see Figs. 2 and 3), optical elements can be made with both a jump transition and a smooth transition (shown by dotted lines).

When the jump-like characteristic of the transition on the surface of the optical element is visible, the line separating its zones, however, it does not cause inconvenience when using the device, because people quickly get used to it and do not notice the line. Such a transition has the greatest trainee effect, but because of the possibility of the appearance of a noticeable image jump, it is used mainly at small values of Px in devices designed for continuous wear.

With a smooth characteristic, the transition line on the surface of the optical element is not visible. Since with a gradual change in characteristics, the sensation of image jump decreases, this makes it possible to increase the training effect due to the formation of zones with a difference in characteristics corresponding to the maximum value of Px, which is used in devices designed for conducting sessions of medical training of vision.

Depending on the purpose of the device, the transition line 8 and / or 9 may have a different shape. In devices designed for medical training, zones are formed mainly with a transition line in the form of a straight vertical line (Fig. 4, lines 8a and 9b), since such workouts are conducted at a practically constant distance from the eyes to the objects under consideration, i.e. convergence angle.

In devices designed for continuous wear, in order to coordinate the location of the points of the transition line with the angle of convergence when looking at the distance and near (for example, when reading) the transition line is performed in a form different from the straight line (Fig. 4, line 8b or 8c).

If it is necessary to use bifocal glasses to achieve a similar effect, they can be performed with the division of optical elements into zones both separately in the upper (for distance) or lower (for near) parts, and simultaneously in both parts.

For training with binocular vision, the transition lines of the zones of optical elements are mirrored and the elements in the device are arranged symmetrically about the vertical axis (for example, lines 8a and 9b or 8b and 9a in Fig. 4).

If there are violations of binocular vision, depending on the set therapeutic task (for example, if necessary, to ensure simultaneous transition from zone to zone when turning the visual axes of the eyes) the shape of the transition lines on optical elements and their mutual arrangement may be different. For example, in devices intended for the treatment of strabismus, the transition line on one of the elements is performed in the form of a straight vertical line (8a in Fig. 4), and the transition line on the second element is performed in a form different from a straight line, and have it as shown in FIG. 4 (line 9a - with convergent squint, line 9c - with diverging squint).

When performing zones of optical elements from lenses, to reduce the image jump when moving from zone to zone, the optical centers of the zones of one element are combined and placed on the transition line, and the optical elements are set so that their optical centers are in the same horizontal plane (line P on 5).

When performing zones of prisms, if necessary, eliminate vertical displacements, the axis of optical symmetry of the zones of optical elements are placed in the same horizontal plane (line П in Fig.5).

For training the vision of people with astigmatism, the zones of optical elements are formed from astigmatic lenses. For the same purpose, a device can be used with optical elements that are formed from lenses that provide a given compensating distortion of space due to the shift of the optical centers of the zones of optical elements (Fig. 6 and 7). At the same time, depending on the required distortion parameters, the lines of the centers of the corresponding optical zones can be parallel (lines P5-6 and P4-7 in Fig. 6), or intersect (lines P5-6 and P4-7 in Fig. 7). If necessary, the inclusion of oblique muscles in the process of training (for example, when violations of the vertical fusion) use a device with optical elements that provide image displacement vertically due to the formation of optical zones from prisms with the location of the axes of optical symmetry of the corresponding optical zones at an angle to the horizontal, while the axis optical symmetry can be in parallel planes (lines P4 and P7 in Fig. 8) or in intersecting planes (lines P4 and P7 in Fig. 8).

In the particular case of the optical elements of the device can be performed with a large number of zones (for example, of the three, the middle of which is corrective, and the extreme - corrective-training).

In order to reduce the nomenclature of the number of optical elements, the device can be made in the form of interchangeable binocular or monocular attachments for glasses.

The principle of operation of the proposed device is that when viewing objects in space due to the rotation of the visual axes of the eyes horizontally within the physiological angle of view (without turning the head), apparent displacements of objects in space occur, forcing the corresponding eye muscles to adapt each time visions, thanks to which the muscles work continuously, that is, they train. However, with the selected characteristics of the device, the displacement of objects does not exceed the limit of a person’s subjective sensitivity to this displacement, therefore, the training process is hardly felt by the person, which makes it possible to use the device in everyday life, combining the necessary vision correction with its treatment and prevention.

FIG. 10 and 11 show the operation of the device with optical elements formed from lenses and prisms, respectively (physical phenomena that occur when viewing objects through a lens or a prism are well known and are not considered).

When alternately viewing (without turning the head) objects A and B, the visual axes of the eyes pass respectively through zones 4 and 6 (when looking at object A), then through zones 5 and 7 (when looking at object B) optical elements 2 and 3. If zones 4 and 6 are positive lenses, and zones 5 and 7 are negative (Fig. 10), then the image of object A shifts along the line of sight of each eye (points A1 and A2), as a result, the person sees a clear image of the object at point A0. The same happens when examining object B with the only difference that a person sees a clear image of the object at point B0. When viewing objects through prisms (see Fig. 11, where zones 4 and 6 are prisms by bases to nose, and zones 5 and 7 are prisms by bases to temples), images are shifted along lines perpendicular to the lines of sight, which leads to bifurcation of images (points А1 and А2 for item А and points В1 and В2 for item В) with their subsequent merging (points А0 and В0, respectively).

In all cases, the clarity and fusion of images is achieved by adjusting the muscles of the eyes, which, with repeated repetitions, has a training effect on the muscles and the eyes as a whole.

Structurally, all the proposed embodiments of the device according to the invention take into account the structural features of the eye and are designed in such a way that with each horizontal movement of the visual axes of the eyes within the physiological angle of view (without turning the head), areas with different optical characteristics are in the field of view. As a result, the adjustment of the eyes to the specific conditions of vision, which is hardly perceived by a person, occurs. In other words, an adjustment of the accommodation-converging apparatus takes place, which provides a sharp image on the retina, but the person does not feel the image jump, as its subjective sensitivity to image shift is much lower than the physiological one.

With long-term work of the eye in this mode, congestion is excluded, leading to the development of functional visual impairment. At the same time, the tone of the eye muscles is maintained and continuously developed, the high performance of the eyes is ensured.

As a result, when using this device with the optical elements of the proposed design, a continuous process of training an accommodative-convergent apparatus is carried out, which contributes to effective prevention and treatment of functional visual disorders.

Industrial Applicability

This device, possessing all the qualities of traditional devices for vision correction, provides a constant training of the eye muscles that is not perceived by a person, thanks to which the work of the visual apparatus is normalized, the vision is restored and its functional disorders are practically excluded.

Clinical testing of experimental samples of the device for correction and training of vision has shown that the device is very effective in treating such visual disorders as myopia (accommodation spasm), hyperopia, asthenopia, presbyopia, nystagmus, and squint. But their main advantage is the prevention of visual disorders.

The fact is that the human eye is historically not adapted for long-term work at close range, and the progress of mankind forces him to do so.

This invention allows you to change the mode of the eye, forcing it continuously and, very importantly, almost imperceptible to humans, to carry out physiological micro-massage of the muscles of the eyes. This leads to the expansion of blood vessels, increased metabolic processes, the restoration of normal biological rhythms, thereby ensuring high efficiency of the eyes.

Practically, the principle of training vision, embedded in this device, designed to harmonize the mode of the eye with the conditions of modern visual load, allows you to use it as a highly effective tool in people's daily lives, both with visual impairments and with normal vision, regardless of their type of activity.

Claims (10)

CLAIM 1. Device for optical correction and training of vision, containing optical elements enclosed in a housing fixed stationary relative to the human eye, characterized in that the optical elements have right and left zones with different optical characteristics, separated by transition lines and arranged to provide transition of the visual axis of each eye from the zone to the zone at any level horizontally, with the difference of the values of the corresponding optical characteristics of the zones of each optical element lies in the range between the objective sensitivity of the eye and the human subjective sensitivity to changes in a given optical characteristic. 2. The device under item 1, characterized in that the optical zones are formed by lenses, or prisms, or light filters, or their combination in any combination. 3. The device according to p. 1, characterized in that the optical elements are made in the form of perforated plates, and the holes of their optical zones are different in the flow area. 4. The device according to claim 2, characterized in that the average value of the optical power of the zones of the optical element formed by the lenses corresponds to the refraction of the human eye, and the difference of the optical powers of the zones is less than the person’s subjective sensitivity to changes in refraction. 5. The device according to claim 2, characterized in that the optical centers and / or axes of optical symmetry of the respective zones are located in the same plane. 6. The device according to claim 2, characterized in that the optical centers and / or axes of optical symmetry of the respective zones are located in parallel planes. 7. The device according to claim 2, characterized in that the optical centers and / or axes of optical symmetry of the respective zones are located in mutually intersecting planes. 8. The device according to claim 1, characterized in that the line of transition of the optical characteristics from the zone to the zone of the optical element is a straight line or a line other than a straight line. 9. The device according to claim 1, characterized in that the transition lines of the optical elements are mirrored or symmetrical or at an angle to each other. 10. The device according to claim 1, characterized in that the body is a spectacle frame or spectacle frame with interchangeable nozzle for installing optical elements.