RU2153242C2 - Apparatus for producing fertilizer from litterless manure - Google Patents

Abstract

FIELD: agriculture. SUBSTANCE: apparatus has vessel embraced with fencing ground windrow and provided with moisture-proof bottom and side walls. Vessel has basic manure feeding device and heat and moisture insulating covering. Unit for discharge and accumulation of filtered liquid fraction is connected to vessel via chute. Portion of vessel side wall is made perforated. Heat and moisture insulating vessel covering is made from filtering hygroscopic material laid onto vessel peripheral surface. Basic manure feeding device is made in the form of set of pipes whose inlet ends are positioned on peripheral surface of vessel and outlet ends are communicated with vessel cavity and disposed in inner upper part of vessel side wall. Vessel has group of dispensing members, each connected with related pipe of basic manure feeding device and inclined at an angle of 25-30 deg to horizontal plane. Such construction allows litterless manure to be prepared for further application in field. EFFECT: reduced production cost, increased fertilizing value, reduced antisanitary or other adverse effect upon environment and enhanced reliability in operation. 2 cl, 2 dwg

Description

 The invention relates to the field of agriculture, in particular to the production of organic fertilizers, the preparation of liquid bedded manure for introduction into the soil.

 A known method and device for preparing bedless manure for use. Liquid manure from the livestock building enters a manure collector with a grinding pump, then it is pumped into quarantine tanks and, after disinfection, is pumped into mobile manure spreaders.

 However, this process cannot be continuous, since it is not possible to introduce manure in all periods of the year (winter, the period of sowing, vegetation and harvesting of crops). In this case, the technological scheme for preparing manure is lengthened. Manure is pumped from the quarantine tank to the manure storage. Then, at the appropriate time (the presence of a free field), it is pumped into a mobile tanker, manure spreader, delivered to the field, evenly scattered, and the phase is smelled or sealed with disk implements. For efficient use, manure from the manure storage is pumped to the unit for fractionation. In this case, the solid fraction is taken out for composting with straw or peat, and the liquid fraction is used for fertilizer irrigation (G.E. Merzlaya and others. Rationally use bedless manure. Agrotechnical tips. Newspaper-poster-supplement to the journal "Agriculture" N 20, October 1986, Moscow, "Agropromizdat").

 For the preparation of liquid manure for fertilizers, very expensive structures (tanks) are used that occupy large areas of land. Buildings are unreliable. Transfer pumps, a fractionation unit, mobile manure spreaders operate in an aggressive environment, which leads to corrosion, rapid wear and tear of the entire process chain for preparing liquid manure. As a result, accidents at livestock complexes are frequent, leading to severe environmental pollution (water, air). But even during normal operation of the technological chain, ammonia from non-litter manure is significantly lost. In a radius of 7-10 km, an unsanitary situation is created due to air pollution.

 The closest analogue of the present invention, you can take the device for composting from bedding manure and straw, including a protective shaft, composted mass and cover it with absorbent materials (soil or peat). The preparation of organic fertilizer in such a device is carried out as follows (G.E. Merzlaya and others. Rationally use litterless manure. Agrotechnical advice. Newspaper-poster-supplement to the journal "Agriculture", N 20, October 1986, Moscow, "Agropromizdat").

 Shredded straw is brought into the land plowed on three sides of the platform (25x50), leveled and compacted to a height of 0.7 - 1.0 m.After that, the fourth side of the square is bunched with soil and the resulting container is filled with bedrock manure using a spreader tank. After uptake of straw by manure, the composted mass is shifted to the sides and at the same time mixed with a bulldozer, forming from it a collar 1.5 - 2.0 m high and 3 - 5 m wide. The burt is then covered with a layer of soil or peat 10 - 15 cm thick.

This known solution has a number of significant disadvantages:
1. The barrier wall is constructed from the soil on the outer periphery of the tank, and after filling with compostable mass it is destroyed and partially mixed with organic mass. As a result, the soil cover along the outer periphery of the tank is destroyed by a bulldozer. The soil of the fence wall is then transported and scattered along with manure in the fields.

 A ditch with barren soil forms on the outside of the manure storage. For its reclamation, it is required to additionally import soil from the outside, which significantly increases transport costs.

 2. The soil bottom of the manure storage is permeable. Therefore, the soil under the manure storage site degrades and a real danger of groundwater pollution with the liquid fraction of manure is created.

 3. Straw for composting is crushed and compacted, which additionally increases the cost of preparing organic fertilizers.

 4. Filling the tank occurs with a strong flattening jet of liquid manure with an open tank, which leads to large losses of ammonia and environmental pollution.

 5. The compostable mass is mixed after a certain period of time, which leads to a strong release of ammonia and its additional losses. Before mixing, there are also losses of ammonia and the release of other gases that strongly pollute the atmosphere.

 6. Covering the composted mass with peat or soil is an expensive operation that does not guarantee the penetration of atmospheric precipitation into the thickness of the composted mass. Freezing is not ruled out, which leads to the leaching of nutrients, overgrowth of weeds by weeds. It is also impossible to create a screen of peat or soil on the surface of the composted mass of continuous, uniform thickness.

 The purpose of the invention is to reduce the cost of preparing bedless manure for application to the fields, to increase its fertilizer value with high sanitary purity of the technological chain of preparation.

 The goal is achieved by preparing fertilizer in a closed manure storage with filtering water-absorbing walls adsorbing colloids, ammonia and other gases, which turn into organic fertilizer after a certain time.

 According to the invention, manure is accumulated in a land-based closed storage with a sealed bottom and an upper part made of filter material that absorbs ammonia. The clarified manure fraction filtered by the walls of the upper part of the storage is collected and another container is connected to the tray. The clarified fraction is used for fertilizer irrigation.

 As a filter material, straw is used in a mixture with adsorbing elements (phosphate rock, alumina, etc.) in a ratio of 9: 1. A mixture of this composition absorbs ammonia released by manure during storage, which, firstly, eliminates environmental pollution and, in -second, it allows you to cook high-quality fertilizer from straw.

 The sealed soil bottom of the storage prevents the liquid fraction of manure from entering the groundwater. To ensure sealing, it is wetted with water to a full moisture capacity, compacted and covered with a layer of straw 1.0 - 1.5 m thick. The straw accumulates ammonia and turns into an impenetrable humus. The preparation of a sealed bottom is simple and cheap.

 The device is made in the form of a recess in the soil with a sealed bottom and walls. A protective shaft is being constructed along the perimeter of the edge of the recess from the excavated soil. Above the bottom of the recess is an elongated spatial frame, carrying along the entire height of the filter material (a mixture of straw with absorbent elements), absorbing ammonia.

 To ensure the necessary precipitation of straw, the storehouse is filled 10-15 days after construction with a single filling to a height of 0.7-1.0 m column with a liquid mixture of manure. After the manure is kept in the storage, the straw enriched with nitrogen is mixed in the total mass of manure and the fertilizer is ready to be applied to the soil.

 The filtered clarified fraction of manure through the tray enters the tank located outside the fence shaft.

 Storage loading is carried out through flexible pipes installed every 20 m along the top of the frame. The vehicle joins them from the outside and delivers liquid manure under pressure. On the inside, the open ends of the pipes rest on a plane inclined to the horizon at an angle of 25-30 degrees. The liquid arriving through the pipes at low speed moves along the planes, as a result of which the settled liquid fraction is not mixed with the solid.

 In FIG. 1 shows a General view of the proposed manure storage; in FIG. 2 - its cross section.

The manure storage includes a recess 1 (Fig. 1, 2) in the soil with a sealed bottom and walls, which contains a protective shaft 2 around the perimeter. A spatial frame 3 is made in the recess 1, which carries filter material 4. With a space bounded by the shaft 2, by means of the tray 5 the sludge collector 6 is reported. For manure loading, the storehouse contains pipes 7 installed 20 m above the top of the frame 3. From inside the frame 3, the open ends of the pipes 7 rest on a plane 8 inclined to the horizon at an angle of 25 - 30 ^o .

 Preparation of organic fertilizer using litterless manure is as follows.

 Using a bulldozer at a site measuring 20x20 m (other sizes may be), remove the fertile soil layer with a thickness of at least 30 cm and form a protective earthen wall 2 around the site from this soil (Fig. 1, 2). The bottom of the formed tank is sealed with the tractor running systems (tracks or wheels). Preliminary, the bottom is wetted to the full moisture capacity of the soil (before the appearance of puddles). On the end narrow part of the shaft 2, a tray 5 with a fluid collector 6 is installed to collect part of the clarified water that is not absorbed by the absorbent walls. The wall thickness of the filter material 4 is assigned based on the absorption of 80-90% of the liquid fraction of manure. A cavity is formed inside for receiving bedless manure.

 To enhance the adsorption during the laying of the walls, they are layered over the entire width with phosmuc or alumina. In the process of filtering the liquid fraction, these layers along with straw trap ammonia, neutralize acids, turning into a highly digestible environmentally friendly fertilizer.

 For the operational loading of the cavity inside the frame 3, through each 20 m of its periphery, passing through the entire thickness of the walls, flexible pipes 7 are placed, the inner end of each of which is located on an inclined plane 8. The latter spreads the liquid manure stream onto a thin layer, which prevents the destruction of the filtered solid fractions of previous downloads. On the outside, flexible pipes 7 hang down to a height of 1.5 m above the surface of the soil. This creates convenience when injecting manure (connecting a flexible tank pipe), prevents the escape of gases without special locking devices.

 During the formation of the carcass frame 3, the tank is filled with straw with a compaction layer thickness of 1.0 - 1.5 m.This creates favorable conditions for the absorption of the liquid manure fraction in the space of the carcass 3 and serves as an additional means of eliminating the penetration of the liquid manure fraction into the deep soil layers.

 Liquid manure is pumped into pipes in the finished manure store 10-15 days after the construction. 7. One-time filling of not more than 0.7 - 1 m column of liquid mixture. After filtration and adsorption, the next portion of the same volume is pumped. The result is a uniform impregnation of the wall thickness of the manure storage. The non-absorbed part (10-15%) of the liquid fraction (clarified water) flows through the tray 5 into the liquid collector 6 and is used for fertilizer irrigation. In straw, water is enriched with calcium and other valuable nutrients, disinfected, has no unpleasant odor, and is a valuable liquid fertilizer, which is much better in quality than if it was separated from liquid manure in a special plant.

 After filling the cavity by 4/5 of its volume with a solid fraction, after 3 - 5 months, organic fertilizers are taken out and spread evenly on the field. During loading, the solid fraction of manure is mixed with filtering material, which makes the organic fertilizer homogeneous and makes it possible to additionally fix ammonia with semi-decomposed residues of straw, phosmuc, and alumina. Thus, the prepared manure can be made for stocking and for subsurface processing (flat cutting, chisel). In the latter case, its effectiveness increases, since in addition to its known function, it also performs a mulching role, favorably affects moisture conservation, humus formation, reduction of plant damage by diseases and pests, etc. And most importantly, it creates the opportunity to implement a soil protection treatment system using non-moldboard tools.

 With this method, the production of fertilizers is doubled with a sharp reduction in costs. Expensive structures are excluded: quarantine tanks, manure storage, a series of pumps, plants for dividing manure into fractions and grinding.

 After the removal of organic fertilizers, a manure storage is again constructed at the same place from filtering, adsorbing walls. There are several such manure storages: one near the livestock complex, others in the crop rotation fields at a distance of 1.0 - 1.5 km or more from the village.

 Fertilizer production from manure is reduced by almost 10 times, while its fertilizer efficiency is increased by 1.0 - 1.5 times. The unsanitary effect of bedding manure on the environment is excluded.

Claims (2)

1. A device for preparing fertilizer from spreading manure, containing a container covered with soil made of soil by a barrier shaft with a moisture-proof bottom and side walls, having a device for supplying initial manure and filter absorbent material, heat-insulating moisture-proof means of covering the tank, characterized in that it is equipped with a unit for drainage and accumulation of the filtered liquid fraction, connected by means of a tray with a container, part of the side walls of which are perforated th, and the heat-insulating moisture-protective means of sheltering the container is made of filter hygroscopic material located on the periphery of the indicated walls, the device for feeding the initial manure is made in the form of a set of pipes, the inlet sections of which are located on the periphery of the container, and the outlet sections are connected with the container and are located in its upper part side walls, while the tank is equipped with a set of distributing elements, each of which is connected to one of the pipes of the device for feeding the original manure and is made on pubic to the horizontal plane at an angle of 25 - 30 ^o.  2. The device according to p. 1, characterized in that the pipes of the device for feeding the original manure are located one from another at a distance of 20 m and are made of elastic material, the bottom of the tank is made buried by at least 0.3 m and equipped with a moisture-absorbing straw pillow with a thickness 1 - 1.5 m, while the hygroscopic filter material of the walls of the tank is made of a mixture of straw and an absorbent element, for example phosphorite flour, alumina, etc., in a ratio of 9: 1.

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