RU2152866C1 - Device for finishing-strengthening work of cylindrical surfaces of shafts, pipes, crankshafts by shots - Google Patents

Abstract

FIELD: strengthening work of cylindrical surfaces. SUBSTANCE: device has a holder installed above the surface to be strengthened and made in the form of two semi-rings with nozzles- injectors for feeding liquid or gaseous energy carrier with shots. Bearing, glass or glass-fiber balls, as well as abrasive grains and sand, are used as shots. Cavities may be introduced in the energy carrier, and ultrasonic vibrations - in the nozzles-injectors. EFFECT: enhanced quality of shaft work. 9 cl, 2 dwg

Description

 The invention can be used in the finishing and strengthening technology of shafts, pipes, crankshafts, camshafts, fingers - ICE, compressors.

 Around the neck of the shaft establish a clip of two half rings. A liquid or gaseous energy carrier with a fraction is fed through the nozzles of the holder. Processing is carried out with a stationary part. When processing necks to / shafts, wear of the edges of the necks is excluded, uniform hardening is ensured.

 The invention relates to bead-blasting finishing and hardening technology of cylindrical surfaces of parts, crankshafts, camshafts, fingers of internal combustion engines, compressors.

 There are many known methods of processing parts by jet-abrasive or shot-blasting: a / s N 1030152 A from 03.08.65, N 5037003 from 06.03.76, N 878548 from 07.11.81, N 872235, N 1553361, N 272343, N 698751, N 814695, BN N 11 1981

 Known methods of processing for / shafts N 1606300 A1 from 15.11.90, N 1734957 A-1 from 05/23/98, N 1761422 A-1 from 09/15/92, N 2996287 C-1 from 02/15/94 . and N 2112638 of 06/10/98.

The disadvantages of the devices are as follows:
the crankshaft in its cross section along the entire length has misalignment and a peculiar configuration;
In this connection, it is difficult to evenly process the connecting rod journals of the crankshafts, since their surfaces during rotation of the crankshaft are at a cyclic distance with respect to the nozzle from which the shot flow comes in, erosion removal of the edges of the crankshaft journals occurs during processing, and uniform crankshaft rotation.

 The objective of the invention is the expansion of technological capabilities for the finishing of necks to / shafts, ensuring uniformity of finish and hardening, including boundary sections of the edges of the processed necks.

 The specified technical result is ensured by the fact that in the device for finishing and hardening the treatment of surfaces above the crankshaft journals, a clip of two half rings with nozzle nozzles is installed, through which a liquid or gaseous energy carrier with a shot is supplied, if necessary, an ultrasonic disperser or cavitation is connected to the energy supply pipe a device (for introducing cavitation cavities into the energy carrier), or both together (the connection is not shown in the drawing) and process the necks when fixed crankshaft.

 In FIG. 1 shows a diagram of a device, FIG. 2 is a section AA in FIG. 1.

 On the machine, on a special installation or on an automatic line for processing the necks of the crankshafts, which are equipped with a pneumohydroblasting system, the crankshaft is fixed 1. The crankshaft goes through a complete cycle of processing the necks according to the usual technology. When conducting a thin turning of the necks, it is possible to exclude their grinding, instead of which an operation is introduced using the proposed device for processing necks to / shafts with a shot. Then over the neck (s) coaxially to the crankshaft there are two half rings 2, 3, inside carrying the working mixture 4 to the workpiece surface 5 through nozzles 6, evenly spaced around their circumference.

 The circumference (magnitude) of the treated spot of one nozzle can be adjusted due to the distance of the nozzles from the surface being treated and the diameter of the nozzle hole, depending on the size of the neck being treated.

 Example. Shot-blasting finishing and hardening treatment of necks for VAZ-2101 shafts is carried out. They underwent a complete technological cycle of processing with the possible exception of final processing by grinding.

 The pressure of the working mixture entering the channel of the half rings 7 is equal to P-3-10 MPa. The half rings are interconnected by a special fixing loop 8 and a lock 10. Bearing, glass or glass fiber balls with a diameter of 0.5 to 2.0 mm, as well as abrasive grains or sand, are used as a working tool.

 Bearing balls (GOST 37622-70) III-IV degrees of accuracy. As a cutting fluid (coolant) - transformer oil with a (powder) additive surfactant. It is assumed that ultrasonic vibrations are introduced into nozzle nozzles.

The initial surface roughness of the processed necks R _a = up to 9.35 μm, the initial hardness HB = 80 + 120 MPa.

The obtained comparative data on the traditional operation of fine grinding and finishing-hardening with a disk-shaped shot-grinding tool formed by a hollow cage of two half rings 2, 3 through symmetrically arranged nozzles of nozzles 6, show that the topographic macro- and microrelief has a better quality, comparable to polished necks surface, wherein at altitude parameters roughness in the proposed method is R _a = 18 m, that of the grinding process, but with an hydrochloric reference curve surface of the projections that greatly improves protivoiznostnye characteristics of the treated surface of the projections.

 Using a new device, when connecting ultrasonic streams or cavitation microrelief has better quality characteristics from 30 - 80%, both in microrelief and in purity, which significantly increases the anti-wear characteristics of the treated surface when using the invented device.

 In addition, measurements of residual stresses showed a smooth distribution with a maximum near the surface, which also further contributes to an increase in anti-residual characteristics. The surface of the near-surface layer, the component of bead-blasting processing of 80 - 120 MPa, increased to HB 260 - 300 units.

 When processing the surfaces of the crankshaft necks with glass balls according to the same scheme, to achieve similar roughness and hardness results, it is necessary to increase the pressure of the working mixture. This ensures that the surface layer is saturated with fiberglass microelements, which protect the working surfaces of the crankshaft journals from corrosion, as well as they are attached to the inserts during prolonged non-operation of the vehicle in a damp or polluted place, giving a soft sliding process during friction pair of connecting rod and root necks with inserts .

Claims (9)

 1. A device for finishing and hardening treatment of cylindrical surfaces of crankshafts with a shot, characterized in that it is equipped with a clip mounted in the form of two half rings with nozzles-nozzles for supplying liquid or gaseous energy carrier with a shot to the necks of a fixed crankshaft .  2. The device according to claim 1, characterized in that the bearing and glass balls with a size of from 0.5 to 2.0 mm are used as a fraction.  3. The device according to claim 1, characterized in that the energy carrier is used with a powder additive surfactant.  4. The device according to claim 1, characterized in that ultrasonic vibrations are introduced into the energy carrier.  5. The device according to claim 1, characterized in that cavitation cavities are introduced into the energy carrier.  6. The device according to claim 1, characterized in that fiberglass balls are used as a fraction.  7. The device according to claim 1, characterized in that the abrasive grain is used as a fraction.  8. The device according to claim 1, characterized in that sand is used as a fraction.  9. The device according to p. 1, characterized in that it provides for the supply of ultrasonic vibrations to the nozzle nozzles.

Images