RU215282U1 - Welder template - Google Patents

Abstract

The utility model relates to measuring technology, namely to mechanical means for measuring dimensions and can be used by welders, assemblers or other specialists performing welding and assembly work.

The welder's template is formed by two mating strips, one of which has the shape of an irregular polygon formed by the upper, one side, lower ribs, which are connected to each other at right angles, the second side rib, which is connected to the lower rib to form an acute angle and to the upper rib with the formation of an obtuse angle, while the lower rib contains a straight section and a curved section on which a graduation scale is applied, and the other bar has the shape of a rectangular trapezoid formed by the upper, side, lower ribs, which are connected to each other at a right angle, by an inclined rib, which is connected with a lower rib forming an acute angle and with an upper rib forming an obtuse angle, while on the bar having the shape of a rectangular trapezoid, segment ledges are made with a variable width of the end part, on which a graduation scale is applied.

EFFECT: creation of a welder's template, which is one simple-to-manufacture and use reliable device that provides control and measurement of the main characteristics of the groove elements for a weld, while having a given size for the appropriate working conditions. 5 z.p. f-ly, 8 figs., 1 approx.

Description

The utility model relates to measuring technology, namely to mechanical means for measuring dimensions and can be used by welders, assemblers or other specialists performing welding and assembly work.

From the prior art there is a template for measuring the geometric dimensions of welded joints (patent RU 2032140 C1 published: 03/27/1995), containing a body with base and working elements and a movable element, in which the body is made in the form of a rectangular plate, the working elements are located at the tops of the plate and are made in the form of rectangular recesses intended for measuring the leg of the weld joint and located on the transverse ends of the plate at an angle to the rectangular recesses and at right angles to one another additional recesses intended for measuring the width of the welds, the movable element is made in the form of a hinged flush in one of the rectangular recesses of the plate, the side surface of which is a parallelogram, two adjacent edges of which are designed to measure the angle of inclination of the weld, and the other two are fixing, designed to limit its rotation, the basic elements are the longitudinal edges of the plate , on which scales are applied, designed to measure the length of welds, and on the surface of the bases of a rectangular plate, scales of information characteristics of the seams of welded joints are applied.

The template is designed to measure almost all geometric dimensions of the welds, including the angle of inclination of the weld, but does not allow measuring the displacement of the welded surfaces relative to each other.

Known template universal welding template (patent RU 195821 U1 published: 06.02.2020 Bull. No. 4), characterized in that it contains two shelves forming a square, the inner angle of which is 90°; the first shelf contains the outer and inner bearing surfaces parallel to each other, as well as side surfaces, adjoining the bearing surfaces along their long sides and located perpendicular to the bearing surfaces; the second shelf contains the outer and inner measuring surfaces, located parallel to each other, as well as side surfaces, adjoining the measuring surfaces along their long sides and located perpendicular to the measuring surfaces; the inner corner of the square is formed by the inner bearing surface of the first shelf and the inner measuring surface of the second shelf; the thickness of the first shelf, corresponding to the distance between the side surfaces of the first shelf, exceeds the thickness of the second shelf, corresponding to the distance between the side surfaces of the second shelf, while the shelves are connected in such a way that the side surfaces of the second shelf are located between the planes passing through the side surfaces of the first shelf; the width of the first shelf, corresponding to the distance between its supporting surfaces, is 28 mm, and the width of the second shelf, corresponding to the distance between its measuring surfaces, is 22 mm; on the side of the outer measuring surface of the second shelf, an additional element is made in the form of a protrusion located opposite the first shelf, while the surface of the protrusion from the side of the outer bearing surface of the first shelf is located closer to the plane of the inner bearing surface of the first shelf than the above outer bearing surface; the protrusion length is at least 30 mm.

The template provides control of the cut angle before welding and the ability to evaluate the width of the welding gap. To measure the inclination of the cut, the gap is measured using a set of probes, which are structurally a protrusion, for example, in the form of a needle probe or a measuring wedge L, which are subject to creases, bends or may break during operation, i.e. such a template is unreliable in operation. In addition, this template does not allow you to measure the displacement of the surfaces to be welded relative to each other.

A universal welder template is known (patent RU 53767 U1, published: 05/27/2006 Bull. No. 15), containing a body in the form of a rectangular plate, the longitudinal edges of which are the upper and lower base surfaces, having through grooves for calibrating electrodes, equipped with a front base with reference scales and a reverse base, and a movable element, while the plate is made with lateral base surfaces and contains a ledge forming an end face, the movable element is fixed on the plate with the possibility of free movement and is made, for example, in the form of a slider containing a base surface, a measuring pointer, a wedge and a reading scale for measuring the gap in the joint when mating the wedge with the gap, on the front base there is a bidirectional vertical reading scale, the reciprocal trajectory of the engine, with strokes to the left and right of the zero value, to measure the height of the weld reinforcement when mating the lower base surface with surface yu of the product and the measuring index of the engine with the top of the seam and taking readings on the strokes to the left of zero on this scale against the risks on the engine and for measuring the excess of edges, the depth of defects (dents, nicks) and the depth of the groove of the seam to the root layer when mating the lower base surface with the surface of the product and the measuring index of the slider with a controlled surface of the product and taking readings on the strokes to the right of the zero value on this scale against the risks on the slider, on the front base in its lower part there is a horizontal reading scale for measuring the blunting of the edges and the width of the seam when mating the seam boundary with the end face and setting the reading scale perpendicular to the axis of the seam, on the front base in its upper part there is an angular reading scale for measuring the angle of the bevel of the edge when the upper base surface is mated with the surface of the product and the base surface of the slider with the edge of the product and taking readings by strokes on this scale , on the back a linear reading scale is applied and a device is fixed, for example, in the form of a tip, with left and right risks applied on it relative to the last scale, for measuring the working thickness of the fillet weld when two of the side base surfaces made with bevels are mated with the corner surfaces of the product and tip with the top of the seam and taking readings on the strokes of this scale against the right risk of the tip, as well as for measuring the height of the reinforcement of the seam when pairing the other two side base surfaces with the surfaces of the product and the tip with the top of the seam and taking readings on the strokes of this scale against the left risk of the tip, while the last scale has a range of values different from their range on a bidirectional vertical reference scale when carrying out the same measurements, in addition, grooves are made in the upper part of the plate for calibrating the electrodes and digital designations of their diameters are applied.

The universal welder template (USW) provides an extension of functionality, but it is difficult to measure the displacement of welded surfaces, for example, the edges of pipes with a link centralizer put on top. the length of the angle grinder exceeds the distance between the parallel links of the outer centralizer, therefore the angle grinder is applied obliquely with one end entering the centralizer link (i.e. at an angle), so the measurement has some error determined by the welder's eye. The measurement of the gap in the connection is carried out according to the reference scale on the movable element in the form of a slider with a measuring pointer. The slider with the measuring element is made as an additional element, fixed on the surface of the USW using a screw connection, and during operation it is subject to bends, creases, and the tip of the measuring element is ground (erased), which leads to measurement inaccuracy or physical damage, therefore, such USW is unreliable.

Despite the apparent simplicity of the well-known universal templates for welders, each of them has a drawback, for example, additional elements - an engine, a wedge or a template size that exceeds the distance of the test area, due to which the use is unreliable, inconvenient, which leads to an increase in preparation time and welding and assembly works.

The technical problem is to expand the arsenal of existing welder templates that provide control of the bevel of the edge of the welded surface, measurement of the displacement of the welded surfaces relative to each other, measurement of the gap and control of the angle between the welded surfaces.

EFFECT: creation of a welder's template, which is one simple-to-manufacture and use reliable device that provides control and measurement of the main characteristics of the groove elements for a weld, while having a given size for the corresponding working conditions.

EFFECT: technical result provides a welder's template formed by two conjugated strips, one of which has the shape of an irregular polygon formed by the upper, one side, lower ribs, which are connected to each other at right angles, the second side rib, which is connected to the lower rib to form an acute angle and with an upper rib to form an obtuse angle, while the lower rib contains a straight section and a curved section on which a graduation scale is applied, and the other bar has the shape of a rectangular trapezoid formed by the upper, side, lower ribs, which are connected to each other at a right angle, inclined a rib that is connected to the lower rib to form an acute angle and to the upper rib to form an obtuse angle, while on the bar having the shape of a rectangular trapezoid, segmented ledges are made with a variable width of the end part, on which a graduation scale is applied.

The mating bars of the welder's template can be made as a single piece.

The mating strips of the welder's template can be rigidly bonded together by welding, or glued, or thermally soldered.

The welder template can be made of metal or plastic or composite materials.

The rear surface of the plank, having the shape of a rectangular trapezoid, is made even.

The rear surface of the plank, which has the shape of a rectangular trapezoid, is made with mirror segment ledges and a graduation scale.

The proposed template of the welder is explained by the drawings:

fig. 1 is a front view of an irregular polygonal plank and a rectangular trapezoid plank of a welder's template;

fig. 2 - template welder, front view;

fig. 3 - welder's template, general view;

fig. 4 - welder's template, end view;

fig. 5 - welder's template - control of the bevel angle;

fig. 6 - welder's template - measurement of the displacement of the surfaces to be welded;

fig. 7 - welder's template - measurement of the gap between the surfaces to be welded;

fig. 8 - welder's template - control of the angle between the edges of the surfaces to be welded.

The welder's template (Fig. 1-8) is formed by two conjugated strips 1, 2 (Fig. 1-3), one of which has the shape of an irregular polygon, and the other has the shape of a rectangular trapezoid. These strips 1, 2 can be made in the form of a single piece or can be rigidly fastened together, for example, by welding, glued, thermally soldered or other available means. The proposed template for welding can be made with specified dimensions from any material, for example, made on a milling machine from metal, on a 3D printer from plastic, or machined from composite materials.

Plank 1 (Fig.1, 2) in the form of an irregular polygon is formed by connecting at right angles to the upper 3, side 4, lower 5 ribs, while the lower rib 5 has a straight section and a curved (beveled) section.

The lower 5 edge, having a straight section and a curved (beveled) section, is connected to the second side 6 edge and forms an acute angle A corresponding to the size of the angle formed when joining (joining) two edges 15 and 17 of the surfaces to be welded 14 and 16, respectively, and the second the 6 side rib is connected to the 3 upper rib and forms an obtuse angle (not shown in the figure). Acute A angle can be 30°, or 45°, or 60°, or other standard size corresponding to the surface welding technology being performed. On the curved (beveled) section of the lower 5 rib, a calibration scale 7 is applied, which corresponds to the vertical displacement L (Fig. 6) relative to each other of the edges 15 and 17 of the welded surfaces 14 and 16. The curved section of the lower 5 rib is mathematically calculated so that the conditionally drawn projection vertical displacement L of welded surfaces 14 and 16 corresponds to divisions on the calibration scale 7. The range of the calibration scale 7 can be any with any step, depending on the size of the allowable displacements of the surface welding technology being performed, for example, in the range from 0 to 4 mm with a step of 0, 5 mm, which corresponds to the allowable range when welding pipes.

Plank 2 (Fig. 1,2) in the form of a rectangular trapezoid, formed by the top 8, side 9, bottom 10 ribs, connected to each other at a right angle, and the 11 inclined rib, connected to the top 8 rib to form an obtuse angle B and with the bottom 10 edge with the formation of an acute C angle.

Plank 2 with its lower 10th edge is conjugated with the top 3rd edge of plank 1, while the side 4th edge of plank 1 and the side 9th edge of plank 2 are located on one straight line, and the inclined 11th edge of plank 2, when mated with the top 3rd edge of plank 1, forms an external corner X, corresponding to the bevel angle of the edge of the welded surface, for example, a pipe, while the size of the angle Y of the bevel of the edge of the welded surface, for example, 14 or 16, for example, a pipe, can be in the range from 90° to 175°, depending on the shape of the bevel groove. The most commonly used size of the angle Y of the bevel of the edge of the surface to be welded is 14 or 16, for example, pipes is 120 °, respectively, the proposed template is made so that the external angle X, formed by mating the inclined 11 edge of the bar 2 and the section of the upper 4 edge of the bar 1, is equal to 120 °, but may be different if necessary.

On the bar 2 in the form of a rectangular trapezoid, segment ledges 12 (Fig. 7) are made with a variable width S (Fig. 4) of the end part, while the range of change in the width S can be any with any step, corresponding to the width of the gap between the edges of the surfaces to be welded according to the performed welding technology. The most widely used range of variable width S of segmented ledges 12 is from 3.5 to 2.0 mm in increments of 0.5 mm, which corresponds to the allowable gap width S1 between the edges of welded surfaces 14 and 16, for example, pipes. On the front surface of the bar 2 there is a graduation scale 13 (Fig. 1), corresponding to the variable width S of the segment ledges 12. consistent with the size of the variable width S of the end part, and the graduation scale 13.

Use the proposed template of the welder as follows.

The proposed template of the welder, for example, to control the bevel of the edge (Fig. 5) of the welded surface is applied to the prepared edge 15 of the surface 14 for welding, for example, the edge of the end of the pipe. The top 3 edge of the strap 1 is placed on the welded surface 14, for example, on the body of the pipe, and the inclined edge 11 of the strap 2 is placed on the bevel of the edge 15 of the welded surface 14, for example, on the edge of the end of the pipe. If the indicated edge 3 of the bar 1, the inclined edge 11 of the bar 2 and their angle X fit snugly without any gaps / gaps to the welded surface 14, the edge 15 and the angle Y, then the bevel of the edge 15 of the welded surface 14 has a given angle size and is made with the required accuracy, otherwise, the bevel of the edge 15 of the welded surface 14 has a defect and needs to be improved. The same is repeated for the second welded surface 16 with a beveled edge 17.

The measurement of displacement L (FIG. 6) of the surfaces to be welded relative to each other is carried out when the two surfaces to be welded 14 and 16 are joined for welding. On one welded surface, for example, the welded surface 14, the proposed template is installed so that the bar 1 with its lower 5 edge with a graduation scale 7 is installed on this welded surface 14, the welder's template is advanced until it comes into contact with the upper point of the bevel of the edge 17 of the second welded surface 16 and along the calibration scale 7 determines the size of the displacement in millimeters of the welded surfaces 14 and 16 relative to each other.

To measure the gap F (Fig. 7) between the welded surfaces 14 and 16, the template is introduced with a bar 2, having the shape of a rectangular trapezoid with segmented ledges 12 with a variable width S (Fig. 4) of the end part, between the welded surfaces 14 and 16 until it stops, and on the calibration scale 13 determine the size of the gap.

To control the angle Z (Fig. 8) between the edges of the surfaces to be welded 14 and 16, the template is introduced at the angle A of the strip 1. welded surfaces 14 and 16 is made correctly and the bevels of the edges 15 and 17 have the required size, otherwise, refinement is required.

That. the created template for the welder is one easy-to-manufacture and use reliable device that has a predetermined size for the corresponding working conditions, expands the arsenal of existing welder templates that provide control of the bevel of the edge of the welded surface, measurement of displacement of the welded surfaces relative to each other, measurement of the gap and control of the angle, between the surfaces to be welded.

Example

The proposed template is made of solid aluminum sheet on a lathe and has the following dimensions. Plank 1 (Fig. 2) in the form of an irregular polygon has one side 4 rib 20 mm long, the top 3 rib 65 mm long, the bottom 5 rib 80 mm long, connected at right angles, and the second side 6 rib 18 mm long forming an angle A equal to 60° with the lower 5th rib. Plank 2 in the form of a rectangular trapezoid has an upper 8 rib 14 mm long, one side 9 rib 38 mm long, a lower 10 rib 37 mm long, connecting to each other at a right angle and a second side - it is also an inclined 11 rib 44 mm long, connected to upper rib 8 with the formation of an obtuse B angle equal to 120° and with the lower rib 10 with the formation of an acute angle C (Fig. 1) equal to 60°. When pairing the inclined 11 edge of the bar 2 with the upper 6 edge of the bar 1, an external angle X equal to 120° is formed.

Prepare and join for welding two surfaces 14 and 16 (Fig. 5-8), one of which is a pipe with a diameter of 720 mm, and the other is a "coil" with a diameter of 720 mm. The proposed template controls (Fig. 5) cutting the bevel of the edge 15 of the welded surface 14 (pipe). The upper 3 (Fig. 1, 2) edge of the bar 1 was installed on the surface to be welded 14 (on the pipe body), and the inclined edge 11 of the bar 2 was placed on the bevel of the edge 15 of the welded surface 14 (pipe end), while the upper 3 edge of the bar 1 and the inclined 11 edge of the bar 2, as well as their angle X and the angle Y of the welded surface 14 fit snugly without any gaps / gaps, therefore, the edge groove 15 of the welded surface 14 (pipe) has an angle of 120° (a given angle size) and is made with required accuracy. When applying the proposed template to the second welded surface 16 (“coil”), a gap was found (not shown in Figs. error and needs to be corrected. After additional processing of the edge 17 of the welded surface 16 (“coils”), a re-inspection was carried out using the proposed template, which showed a snug fit without a gap (not shown in Figs. ”) and to the welded surface 16 itself (the “coil” body).

Next, a link centralizer (not shown in Fig. 1-8) is put on the joined welded surfaces 14 and 16 (pipe and “coil”), the distance N between parallel links 18 (Fig. 6) of the centralizer is 120 mm. Before the actual execution of welding along the entire perimeter of the joint, the displacement L of the welded surfaces 14 and 16 (pipes and "coils") relative to each other is measured. The proposed template was installed on one welded surface 14, while the bar 1 with the lower 5 edge with a graduation scale 7 was installed on this welded surface 14 (on the pipe), then the template was advanced until it came into contact with the upper point of the bevel of the edge 17 of the second welded surface 16 (“coils” ) and on the calibration scale 7 it was determined that the size of the displacement of the welded surfaces 14 (pipes) and 16 ("coils") relative to each other is 3 mm, which corresponds to the permissible displacement during pipeline welding. We repeated the displacement measurements at at least four points, as well as in places of visible changes, and found that at two measurement points along the perimeter of the junction of the welded surfaces 14 and 16 (pipes and "coils") relative to each other, the displacement exceeds 4 mm, which is not permissible . We performed additional centering, re-measured the displacement as described above, and made sure that the displacement along the entire perimeter of the junction of the welded surfaces 14 and 16 relative to each other does not exceed the allowable 3 mm. Because the lower 5 edge of the bar 1 of the template has a length of 80 mm, and the distance N between the parallel links 18 of the centralizer is 120 mm (for reference: the length of the UShS analog is 130 mm), then the proposed template for measuring the displacement of the welded surfaces 14 (pipe) and 16 (coil ) is freely placed between the parallel links 18 of the centralizer, therefore, the measurement is more accurate, does not complicate the preparation of welding work and, in general, does not increase the time for repair work.

To measure the gap F (Fig.7) between the surfaces to be welded 14 (pipe) and 16 ("coil"), the template was introduced with the upper edge 8 of the strap 2 (Fig. 1, 2), having the shape of a rectangular trapezoid, on which segment ledges 12 are made variable width S (Fig. 4) of the end part from 2 mm to 3.5 mm until it stops. On the calibration scale 13 determined the gap F=2.5 mm, which corresponds to the allowable gap.

At the end, the angle Z was checked (Fig. 8) between the joined welded surfaces 14 and 16. The template was introduced with the angle A of the strip 1, which is equal to 60 °, between the edges 15 and 17 of the welded surfaces 14 and 16, while the lower 5 rib and the second side 6, the edge of the bar 1 is in equal contact with the bevels of the edges 15 and 17 of the welded surfaces 14 and 16, which means that the joining of the welded surfaces 14 and 16 is made with the required accuracy.

Claims (6)

1. A welder's template formed by two mating strips, one of which has the shape of an irregular polygon formed by the upper, one side, lower ribs, which are connected to each other at right angles, the second side rib, which is connected to the lower rib to form an acute angle and with upper rib to form an obtuse angle, while the lower rib contains a straight section and a curved section on which a graduation scale is applied, and the other bar has the shape of a rectangular trapezoid formed by the upper, side, lower ribs, which are connected to each other at right angles by an inclined rib , which is connected to the lower rib to form an acute angle and to the upper rib to form an obtuse angle, while on the bar having the shape of a rectangular trapezoid, segmented ledges with a variable width of the end part are made, on which a graduation scale is applied. 2. The welder's template according to claim 1, characterized in that the mating strips are made in the form of a single integral part. 3. Welder template according to claim 1, characterized in that the mating strips are rigidly fastened together by welding, or glued, or thermally soldered. 4. Welder template according to claim 1, characterized in that it is made of metal, or plastic, or composite materials. 5. The welder's template according to claim 1, characterized in that the back surface of the plank, which has the shape of a rectangular trapezoid, is made even. 6. The welder's template according to claim 1, characterized in that the back surface of the bar, which has the shape of a rectangular trapezoid, is made with mirror segment ledges and a graduation scale.

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