RU2152330C1 - Construction of ice-breaker for breaking ice cover - Google Patents

Abstract

FIELD: shipbuilding designing ice-breakers. SUBSTANCE: device has hull with pontoon-like fore extremity equipped with ice-cutting units and bottom ice separating wedge. In the vicinity of waterline, pontoon-like has flat stem. Above-water portion of fore extremity is provided with extensible bracket holding attached ice-cutting unit. Fore section of bottom has V-shaped profile of section with ice-separating ridge. Ice- separating wedge is provided with telescopic extension pieces. Telescopic ice-removing flaps are located in bilges of hull in the vicinity of V-shaped bottom. EFFECT: enhanced efficiency; reduced power requirements for breaking ice. 4 cl, 4 dwg

Description

 The invention relates to the field of shipbuilding and can be used, for example, in the design of icebreakers and icebreaking vessels.

 Domestic icebreakers are known, including nuclear powered icebreakers and icebreakers of foreign countries (V.I. Kashtelyan and others. “Icebreakers", L., 1972, pp. 8 ... 28 and 29 ... 44), equipped with a bow-shaped nose tip. Their disadvantage is the inevitability of unproductive energy consumption for unnecessary crushing of ice, overcoming the friction force of the sides on ice, the expansion of ice fields, etc. These shortcomings force an uneven movement with increasing ice thickness - “swooping” with reverses and counter-reverses, each time deepening into the ice field for a limited distance. The way out is to increase the power and fuel reserves, which in the Arctic regions are available only to nuclear powered ships.

 A device is also known for a flat pontoon-shaped fore end of an icebreaking vessel (USSR patent N 1308188, 82 g. And SU patent N 1612995, 87 g.), Which eliminates ice crushing and reduces the friction resistance of the sides on ice. Such a device creates a simultaneous uniform load distribution across the entire width of the hull of an icebreaking vessel, which limits the thickness of the ice to be overcome and makes the method ineffective in areas of the Arctic.

 Also known device pontoon-shaped nasal extremities, taken as a prototype, containing side ribs carrying ice crushing or ice-cutting means (patent RU N 2062245).

 The disadvantage of this device is the lack of high-performance means of ice destruction by a moving icebreaker. In addition, the use of moving means of mechanical destruction of ice increases the resistance of the friction forces to the movement of the icebreaker up to their jamming and breakage, and when the thickness of the ice is characteristic of the Arctic, their use is impractical.

 The objective of the invention is to increase the efficiency of the icebreaker by creating devices to increase ice permeability and reduce power costs for the destruction of ice.

 To achieve this technical result, a pontoon-shaped tip is made in the waterline area with a flat bow, and a retractable bracket with a hinged ice-cutting tool is installed in the surface of the bow tip, while the bow section of the bottom has a V-shaped section profile with an ice-dividing crest, and the ice-raising wedge is equipped with retractable extenders, while in the cheekbones of the hull in the region of the V-shaped bottom there are retractable ice-removing flaps extending, as it were, the planes of the bottom.

 In addition, hydromonitors with control systems are installed under the upper deck of the nasal tip in front of the porticoes, which are protected by covers, and laser installations containing emitters, gas, water, power supplies, optics, control systems, and optical laser cutters are located on the boards on shock-absorbed foundations moreover, the latter are mounted on retractable structures away from the diametrical plane and are protected from external influences.

 In addition, the icebreaker is equipped with a water lubrication system, which is equipped with a manifold with nozzles, while the nozzles are installed on the inner side of the inclined plane of the nasal tip in the area of its transition to the bottom and are connected to its outer surface through holes.

 In addition, a flow tank with heating elements is installed on the inner side of the nose and the V-shaped section of the bottom and is connected by a receiving pipe to the casting part of the cooling system of the power plant, and the pressure pipe is connected to the distribution manifold of hydraulic monitors and a water lubrication system.

The invention is illustrated by drawings,
In FIG. 1 shows the basic elements of devices for weakening and breaking ice.

 In FIG. 2 shows ice fracture schemes by the described devices.

 In FIG. 3 shows schemes for processing ice with laser and water devices.

 In FIG. 4, a diagram of a device for transporting ice under the ice banks of a channel is explained.

 On the bow tip 1, a flat stem 2 is installed in the waterline area, and behind the porticoes under the upper deck there are hydraulic monitors: side 3 and bow 4, and in the diametrical plane there is a retractable bracket 5 with a suspension 6, on the lower end of which a mounted ice-cutting mounted and ice-removing means 7 with a removable working part, and the cutting elements 8 of the means are bucket-shaped with pointed edges, providing the formation of a V-shaped recess. On the sides of the icebreaker under the upper deck in the bow there are laser installations (not shown in Fig. 1) on the shock absorber foundations, and their optical laser cutters 9 are pulled out of the hull by an amount providing a given width of the channel created in the ice. The following part of the inclined section 10 is made flat in the transverse and undulating in longitudinal sections and in the lower part is provided with a number of holes 11 for the passage of hot water, which acts as a lubricant, to the external surface in contact with ice.

 The inclined surface smoothly passes into the bottom of the V-shaped section 12 with an ice-dividing ridge 13, and retractable ice-removing flaps 14 with hydraulic actuators located inside the body (not shown) are installed in the cheekbones of the body, while the ice-raising wedge 15 has a telescopic design and is equipped with extendable sections - extensions 16 vertical planes of the wedge.

 Ice breaking devices work as follows. In the initial position, when the icebreaker moves in clear water or with weak ice cover, all the retractable devices are removed, the porticoes are closed. When laying the channel in the ice mass, all the retractable devices: bracket 5 with suspension 6 and mounted ice-cutting equipment 8, optical laser cutters 9, retractable ice-removing flaps 14 and sliding ice-raising extensions 16 are extended to the working position; the flow tank is connected to the casting part of the cooling system of the power plant and to the pressure collectors of the hydraulic monitors and the lubrication system; tank heating elements are included. Hydromonitors 3 and 4 supply hot water to the ice, laser cutters 9 cut the ice weakened by hot water to the required depth along the lateral longitudinal ones, and the mounted ice-cutting tool - along the midlines of the upcoming ice fault, while the nasal hydromonitors 4, controlled automatically (Fig. 2, 3), supply hot water to the rear transverse border of the treated area.

 The end of the preliminary ice weakening in the next section coincides with the beginning of the contact of the stem 2 with the middle of the front edge of the ice, the creation of increasing pressure in the limited area, bending moments weakened by ice and increasing tensile stresses leading to the formation of longitudinal cracks and the destruction of ice along the longitudinal directions. Further advancement of the icebreaker leads to contact with the front edge of the ice of the entire flat inclined surface 10 of the nasal tip, increasing pressure on the ice edge, the creation of bending moments and tensile stresses, leading to the formation of transverse cracks and the destruction of ice along the far boundary of the site with the formation of large blocks of ice, sliding them with recession (Fig. 2 "e", "e" and "g") on an inclined surface 10 with a minimum coefficient of friction due to its wavy longitudinal section corresponding to the processing ki of its surface, which excludes painting with minium, and "plentiful" surface lubrication with hot water supplied from the lubrication system through holes 11. The entrainment of ice under the V-shaped bottom 12 with an ice-dividing crest 13 in the keel region leads to a side-by-side separation of ice fragments and their dilution with using retractable ice-removing flaps 14 and retractable ice-extending extensions 16 of the ice-raising wedge 15 under the ice banks of the created channel.

 The process of the devices is self-regulating due to the presence of natural feedback. So, with an increase in the thickness of the ice, the speed of movement of the icebreaker decreases, and the time and, consequently, the depth of weakening of the ice increase, which reduces the necessary effort for the destruction of ice by the body of the icebreaker.

 The proposed devices for the weakening and destruction of the ice cover significantly increase the ice penetration of the icebreaker and reduce power consumption.

 This effect is achieved by improving the shape of the nasal tip body, eliminating unproductive energy costs for crushing and compaction of ice, overcoming friction of the sides against ice, spreading large masses of ice, etc., and preliminary weakening of the ice, taking into account its physical properties and the use of experimental data, including the fact that allowable tensile forces are 3 times less than allowable compressive forces, and an increase in air temperature from negative to positive values halves Ruggedness ice.

Claims (4)

 1. The device of the icebreaker for the destruction of the ice cover, comprising a body with a pontoon-shaped fore tip with ice-cutting tools and a bottom ice-raising wedge, characterized in that the pontoon-shaped tip is made in the area of the waterline with a flat bow, in the surface of the bow end there is a retractable bracket with a mounted ice-cutting means, in this case, the nose section of the bottom has a V-shaped section profile with an ice-dividing crest, and the ice-raising wedge is equipped with retractable extensions, while in the cheekbone x hull in the area of the V-shaped bottom placed retractable ice flaps.  2. The icebreaker device according to claim 1, characterized in that under the upper deck of the nasal tip in front of the ports protected by covers, hydraulic monitors with control systems are installed, and laser installations are located at the shock absorbed foundations, their optical cutters are mounted on retractable structures and protected from external influences.  3. The icebreaker device according to claim 1 or 2, characterized in that it is made with a water lubrication system having a manifold with nozzles, the nozzles being installed on the inner side of the inclined part of the bow tip in the area of its transition to the bottom and connected to its outer surface through holes.  4. The icebreaker device according to claim 3, characterized in that a flow tank with heating elements is installed on the inner side of the bow tip and the V-shaped portion of the bottom, which is connected by a receiving pipe to the outlet of the cooling system of the power plant, and a pressure pipe to a distribution manifold monitors and water lubrication system.

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